learning ecology potential of google earth
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The Learning Ecology potential ofGoogle Earth
A pedagogical framework for assessing theecological niche of online learning environmentsand tools.
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Gerard Brady
MA ePedagogy Design – Visual Knowledge BuildingAalto University – Department of Art Education
May 2010
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Primary ResearchQuestion
What is the LearningEcology potential of Google
Earth?
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Secondary Research Questions
What is the pedagogical framework underpinningthe learning ecology metaphor?
What is the educational potential of Google Earth?
Could a learning ecology framework be used toevaluate educational tools and environments?
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Relevance of research
Multimedia and Connectiveproperties of the web
Precipitating a paradigm shift
Lack of attention to learning ecology
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Relevance of research
Geobrowsing of web info.
Emergence of the geoweb
Google Earth as a learningenvironment/tool
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Learning Ecology
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Ecology
Study of theinteractions betweenorganisms and their
environment.
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Ecological perspectives
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Ecological perspectives
Systems science & Cybernetics
Telematic culture
Ecological Systems Theory
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Other Ecology Metaphors
Media Ecology
Information/Knowledge Ecology
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Learning Ecology Definition 1
Brown (2000)
”a collection of overlapping communities of interest,cross-pollinating with each other; constantlyevolving; and largely self-organising.”
• Learning as situated in context
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Learning Ecology Definition 2
Siemens (2007)
”the space or context in which networks function.”
• Learning as network formation
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Learning Ecology Principles
• Informal and decentralised
• Adaptable and self-organising
• Ubiquitous and evolving
• Social and collaborative
• Unrestrictive and experimentative
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Pedagogical basis
1. Learning as situated (in Communities ofPractice)
2. Learning as network formation (Connectivism)
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Learning as situated(in Communities of Practice)
• Community of practice - informal groups of sharedinterests, building, collaborating and sharing
• Learning occurs through application of knowledgein communities of practice
• Diverse interacting and evolving communitiesfundamental to health of the learning ecology
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Learning as network formation(Connectivism)
• Knowledge is dynamic and evolving and structuredwithin a interdependent network of individuals andcommunities
• Learning occurs through formation of network inthe ’space’ of the ecology
• Supported by environment of tools, resources andtechnology (media)
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Theoretical implications
1. Toward a Pedagogical Ecology
2. Learning ecology as unifying learning theory
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Towards a pedagogical ecology
• Multi-dimensional pedagogical perspective
• Based on learning settings and individualpreferences of learner
• Learner adapts to context and content
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Learning ecology as a unifier oflearning theories
• Learning not bound by theoretical assumptions,but does not exclude them
• Learning theory often depends on learning contextor setting
• As the context or setting changes the underlyinglearning theory should also
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Learning ecology and the web
• Technology as a conduit of learning in the network
• Multiple forms of intelligence
• Multimedia promotes stronger perception ofknowledge realtionships in the network
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Google Earth
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Background
• Rapid development in technology
• Convergence and standardisation of geodata
• Availability of satellite and aerial imagery
• Digital Earth Initiative – Al Gore
• Keyhole Inc. – EarthBrowser 3D
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What is Google Earth
Goodchild (2008)
”Google Earth provides a distinct perspective ofEarth, allowing users to view its surface in varyingamounts of detail and display assorted aspects ofany location.”
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Key elements
• Client-side technology
• 3D perspective
• Transportabale and scalable data
• Interactive and engaging
• Extendable – via API
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Key opportunities
Geovisualization
• Organising and communicating spatial knowledge• Issues of design, perspective and reliability
NeoGeography, Mash-up and VGI
• Informal network volunteering geoinformation• Integration of Google Earth with other apps
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Education in Google Earth
Lund & Macklin (2007)
• Spatial literacy
• Visualization
• Engaging narrative
• Critical reflection
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State of Education
• Various educational resources in Google Earth
• Google Earth Outreach initiative – funding forNGO’s and community
• Visualization of data in research
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Crisis in Darfur, USHMM
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Climate Change in Our World, Met Office UK
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Glaciers and Climate Change, NSIDC
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Voyages of Matthew Flinders,Stephen Nicholson
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Assessment framework & criteria
1. Accessibility - Openness, technical, socio-cultural
2. Adaptability - Discretionary, modular, scalable
3. Social - Connective, collaborative, appraisal
4. Personal - Decentralised, expressive, identifiable
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Assessment of Google Earth
0
1
2
3
4openness
technical
socio-cultural
discretionary
modular
scalable
connective
collaborative
appraisal
decentralised
expressive
identifiableAccessibility
Adaptability
Social
Personal
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Conclusions
• Metaphor for wider shift with web as a platform
• Challenges existing theory and pedagogy
• Extends learning to include evolving network ofinterdependent individuals, communities andenvironmental setting.
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Conclusions
• Google Earth as a platform for visualization
• State of education limited, but opportunities exist
• Compatible with learning ecology, but requiresfurther development of personal and socialfunctionality