learning objective · title notes: ch. 15.4 aggressors invade nations •by the mid-1930s:...
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• Learning Objective
– Today I will be able to summarize the events that led to expansions of Japan, Italy, & Germany by creating a timeline.
• Agenda
1. Finish Comparison Chart (Communism & Fascism)
2. Learning Objective
3. Lecture Notes: Ch. 15.4 Aggressors Invade Nations
4. Timeline
5. Exit Slip
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Title Notes: Ch. 15.4 Aggressors Invade Nations
• By the mid-1930s:
– Germany & Italy controlled by fascist.
– Western Nations (GB, France, & US) are distracted by economic problems & want to remain peaceful.
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• Japan Seeks to be an Empire
– Military had very little influenced, controlled by emperor.
– 1922, signed peace treaty to respect China’s borders.
– 1928, signed Kellogg-Briand Pact to renounce war.
Japanese Emperor, Hirohito ruled from 1926-1989
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• 1929, Great Depression hit, Japanese blamed it on the government.
– Military leaders gained support to win control over Japan.
– Unlike the fascist, Japanese military leaders did not want a new gov. They wanted to bring old traditions back.
– Emperor Hirohito, head of state & symbol of power.
– Militarist wanted to expand Japan to solve its economic problems.
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• Japanese militarist planned a Pacific Empire:
– Conquer China & other Asian nations.
• 1931, Japan seized Manchuria
– For its resources in iron & coal.
– First challenge against League of Nations
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– 1933, Japan withdrew from League of Nations
– 1937, Japan took over Nanjing & Beijing (in China)
• War led by Jiang Jieshi
– Mao Zedong, China’s Communist leader continued to fight Japanese.
Japanese soldiers celebrating the capture of Hankow (temporary Chinese capital after the fall of Nanking)
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• Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia
– Oct. 1935, Mussolini ordered invasion of Ethiopia
– Dream to make Italy a colonial empire
– Spears & swords of Ethiopians were no match to the airplanes, tanks, guns, & poison gas to Italian military.
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• Haile Selassie, Ethiopian leader, urged League of Nations for help.
• Members League of Nations did nothing.
• British-controlled Suez Canal allowed Italians to use canal to transport troops & supplies to attack Ethiopia.
– Britain & France hoped to keep peace in Europe.
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• Hitler defies Treaty of Versailles
– 1935, the Fuhrer announced expansion of army
• Disobeyed the treaty.
• League of Nations did nothing.
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– Germany forbidden to enter 30-mile-wide zone of Rhine River.
• Buffer between France & Germany
• Industrial area
– March 7, 1936 German troops moved into Rhineland.
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• Appeasement
– British appease Hitler by allowing him to reoccupy Rhineland & increase German military.
– Hitler later admitted he would have backed down if France & GB challenged him.
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• Rhineland reoccupation marked the march towards war because:
– Hitler’s power & prestige strengthen
– Germany gained more power in Europe.
– Belgium & France can be easily attacked by Germany.
– France & Britain showed weakness.
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• Axis Powers
– Alliance between Germany, Italy, & Japan
– Oct. 1936 Mussolini sought alliance w/ Germany Rome-Berlin Axis
– A month later Germany & Japan allied.
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• Spanish Civil War – Liberals & Socialist vs. Nationalist
– Liberals & socialist were democratic & republic, ran the gov in Spain. • Supported by Soviet Union
– Nationalist were fascist, wanted take over gov.
– Francisco Franco, fascist general revolted against the government. July 1936 • Supported by Italy & Germany
– 1939, Franco became Spain’s Fascist dictator.
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• Isolationism
– US foreign policy of avoiding ties with other countries
– 1935, three Neutrality Acts passed to support isolationism banned loans & sale of arms to nations at war.
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• Third Reich
– 3rd German empire that includes Austria & Czechoslovakia
– March 1937, annexed Austria.
– Violated Anschluss in the Treaty of Versailles
• Union between Austria & Germany
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– Sep. 1938, Hitler demands Sudetenland to be given to Germany.
• Western border of Czechoslovakia
• 3 million German-speaking ppl & some are pro-Nazism
– Czech gov. asked France for help
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• Munich Conference – Sep 29, 1938 in Munich, Germany
– Meeting between Germany, Italy, France, & Britain • Proposed by Mussolini
– Britain & France appease Hitler, again & give into his demands. • Germany gains Sudetenland
• GB & France want to preserve peace in Europe.
– Czechs not invited.
In the early hours of 30th September 1938, the Munich agreement was signed by Hitler (Germany), Chamberlain (UK), Mussolini (Italy) and Daladier (France) in Munich. It was a black hole in the recent history of Europe and dark side of what we call Western Civilization.
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• Hitler takes over Czechoslovakia
– Less than 6 months after Munich Conference
• Mussolini takes over Albania
• Hitler later demands Poland to return Danzig (port)
– Poland turns to GB & France for help
– Hitler convinced he will be appeased, again.
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• France & GB seek alliance with Soviet Union to stop Hitler.
• Stalin bargained with Hitler
– Aug. 23, 1939, Hitler & Stalin agreed to Nonaggression Pact To not attack each other.
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• Western Nations mistake:
– Isolationism by US
– Appeasing Hitler multiple times.
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Timeline
• Which events had the greatest impact its expansion? – Japan (3 events)
• Date
• Use complete sentences
– Germany (3 events) • Date
• Use complete sentences
– League of Nations/Western Nations (3 events) • Date
• Use complete sentences
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Exit Slip
• What events do you believe had the greatest impact of the war that is to come?