learning objectives to gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the...
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Learning Objectives
To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure.
To explain the movement allowed of each joint in the body, giving practical examples of what movement is used during specific actions.
Learning Outcomes
Pass: Describe the different types of joint and the
movements allowed at each (P2)
Merit: Explain how joints move during four different
types of physical activity. (M1)
How this will be evidenced:
P2 Completing and defining key terms on a
joints sheet. Label the picture of a synovial joint.
M1 Explain how at least 2 synovial joints move
during four different actions in sport.
JOINTSJOINTS• There are 3 types There are 3 types
of joint.of joint.
Freely moveableFreely moveable/Synovial joints /Synovial joints
Fixed (immoveable)Fixed (immoveable)
Slightly moveableSlightly moveable
Fixed JointsFixed Joints Can’t move at all.Can’t move at all.
They interlock or overlapThey interlock or overlap
They are held together by They are held together by tough fibretough fibre
Example…Example…
Slightly Moveable Slightly Moveable JointsJoints
Can only move a littleCan only move a little
Held together by Held together by ligamentsligaments
Joined by Joined by cartilagecartilage
The joints between most The joints between most vertebrae are slightly vertebrae are slightly moveablemoveable
Synovial JointsSynovial Joints Freely moveableFreely moveable Has the following parts;Has the following parts; Joint CapsuleJoint Capsule - an outer sleeve - an outer sleeve
that protects the joint & holds the that protects the joint & holds the bones together. It is an extension bones together. It is an extension of the skin.of the skin.
Synovial MembraneSynovial Membrane – Lines the – Lines the capsule and oozes slippery liquid capsule and oozes slippery liquid called synovial fluid.called synovial fluid.
Synovial FluidSynovial Fluid – nourishes the – nourishes the cartilage and cells and lubricates cartilage and cells and lubricates the joint to reduce friction.the joint to reduce friction.
Joint CavityJoint Cavity – A small gap – A small gap between bones filled with synovial between bones filled with synovial fluid. It lubricates the joint.fluid. It lubricates the joint.
CartilageCartilage & ligaments. & ligaments.
Types of Synovial Types of Synovial JointsJoints
BALL & SOCKETBALL & SOCKET
Most moveable joint in Most moveable joint in the body.the body.
It can turn in many It can turn in many directionsdirections
Examples…Examples…
Types of Synovial Types of Synovial JointsJoints
HINGE JOINTHINGE JOINT
Works like a door Works like a door hingehinge
Opens until straight Opens until straight but no furtherbut no further
Examples…Examples…
Types of Synovial Types of Synovial JointsJoints
THE PIVOT JOINTTHE PIVOT JOINT One bone (One bone (atlasatlas) has ) has
a peg or ridge that a peg or ridge that sticks out.sticks out.
The other bone The other bone ((axisaxis) has a ring or a ) has a ring or a notch that it fits onto.notch that it fits onto.
This joint only allows This joint only allows rotationrotation..
Examples…Examples…
Types of Synovial Types of Synovial JointsJoints
THE SADDLE JOINTTHE SADDLE JOINT
Allows movement Allows movement back & forward & back & forward & side to side.side to side.
Examples…Examples…
Types of Synovial Types of Synovial JointsJoints
THE CONDYLOID JOINTTHE CONDYLOID JOINT
The movement goes The movement goes forward & back & side forward & back & side to side.to side.
Ligaments prevent Ligaments prevent rotation.rotation.
Examples…Examples…
Types of Synovial Types of Synovial JointsJoints
THE GLIDING JOINTTHE GLIDING JOINT
The bones glide over The bones glide over one another.one another.
There is small There is small movement in all movement in all directions.directions.
This is the least This is the least moveable of all synovial moveable of all synovial joints.joints.
Examples…Examples…
Movements At JointsMovements At Joints
JOINTJOINT MOVEMENT ALLOWEDMOVEMENT ALLOWED
BALL & SOCKETFLEXION, EXTENSION, ADDUCTION, ABDUCTION, ROTATION, CIRCUMDUCTION.
HINGE FLEXION & EXTENSION
PIVOT ROTATION
SADDLEFLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION & ADDUCTION, CIRCUMDUCTION, ROTATION
CONDYLOID FLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION
GLIDING A LITTLE GLIDING IN ALL DIRECTIONS.
MOVEMENTSMOVEMENTS
FLEXION – Bending a limb between the bones to reduce the angle at a joint.
EXTENSION – Straightening a limb, increasing the angle at a joint. ABDUCTION – Sideways movement away from the centre of the body
FLEXION
EXTENSION
ABDUCTION
MOVEMENTSMOVEMENTS
ADDUCTION – Sideways movement towards the centre of the body.
CIRCUMDUCTION – Moving a limb through a circle, a full 360 degrees.
ROTATION – Turning a part on its own axis.
ADDUCTION
CIRCUMDUCTION
ROTATION
In your pairs/groups – you must now think of a sporting action.
You must act it out – including the range of movement.
You score your points depending on how long it takes the rest of the class to guess: Your sport Your sporting action The joint you are talking about (proper name) The type of movement
You have 3 minutes to plan it! GO!!!
CHARADESCHARADES