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Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement allowed of each joint in the body, giving practical examples of what movement is used during specific actions.

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Page 1: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

Learning Objectives

To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure.

To explain the movement allowed of each joint in the body, giving practical examples of what movement is used during specific actions.

Page 2: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

Learning Outcomes

Pass: Describe the different types of joint and the

movements allowed at each (P2)

Merit: Explain how joints move during four different

types of physical activity. (M1)

Page 3: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

How this will be evidenced:

P2 Completing and defining key terms on a

joints sheet. Label the picture of a synovial joint.

M1 Explain how at least 2 synovial joints move

during four different actions in sport.

Page 4: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

JOINTSJOINTS

Page 5: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

What is a Joint?What is a Joint?

The definition of a point is…

Page 6: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

JOINTSJOINTS• There are 3 types There are 3 types

of joint.of joint.

Freely moveableFreely moveable/Synovial joints /Synovial joints

Fixed (immoveable)Fixed (immoveable)

Slightly moveableSlightly moveable

Page 7: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

Fixed JointsFixed Joints Can’t move at all.Can’t move at all.

They interlock or overlapThey interlock or overlap

They are held together by They are held together by tough fibretough fibre

Example…Example…

Page 8: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

Slightly Moveable Slightly Moveable JointsJoints

Can only move a littleCan only move a little

Held together by Held together by ligamentsligaments

Joined by Joined by cartilagecartilage

The joints between most The joints between most vertebrae are slightly vertebrae are slightly moveablemoveable

Page 9: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

Synovial JointsSynovial Joints Freely moveableFreely moveable Has the following parts;Has the following parts; Joint CapsuleJoint Capsule - an outer sleeve - an outer sleeve

that protects the joint & holds the that protects the joint & holds the bones together. It is an extension bones together. It is an extension of the skin.of the skin.

Synovial MembraneSynovial Membrane – Lines the – Lines the capsule and oozes slippery liquid capsule and oozes slippery liquid called synovial fluid.called synovial fluid.

Synovial FluidSynovial Fluid – nourishes the – nourishes the cartilage and cells and lubricates cartilage and cells and lubricates the joint to reduce friction.the joint to reduce friction.

Joint CavityJoint Cavity – A small gap – A small gap between bones filled with synovial between bones filled with synovial fluid. It lubricates the joint.fluid. It lubricates the joint.

CartilageCartilage & ligaments. & ligaments.

Page 10: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

Types of Synovial Types of Synovial JointsJoints

BALL & SOCKETBALL & SOCKET

Most moveable joint in Most moveable joint in the body.the body.

It can turn in many It can turn in many directionsdirections

Examples…Examples…

Page 11: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

Types of Synovial Types of Synovial JointsJoints

HINGE JOINTHINGE JOINT

Works like a door Works like a door hingehinge

Opens until straight Opens until straight but no furtherbut no further

Examples…Examples…

Page 12: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

Types of Synovial Types of Synovial JointsJoints

THE PIVOT JOINTTHE PIVOT JOINT One bone (One bone (atlasatlas) has ) has

a peg or ridge that a peg or ridge that sticks out.sticks out.

The other bone The other bone ((axisaxis) has a ring or a ) has a ring or a notch that it fits onto.notch that it fits onto.

This joint only allows This joint only allows rotationrotation..

Examples…Examples…

Page 13: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

Types of Synovial Types of Synovial JointsJoints

THE SADDLE JOINTTHE SADDLE JOINT

Allows movement Allows movement back & forward & back & forward & side to side.side to side.

Examples…Examples…

Page 14: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

Types of Synovial Types of Synovial JointsJoints

THE CONDYLOID JOINTTHE CONDYLOID JOINT

The movement goes The movement goes forward & back & side forward & back & side to side.to side.

Ligaments prevent Ligaments prevent rotation.rotation.

Examples…Examples…

Page 15: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

Types of Synovial Types of Synovial JointsJoints

THE GLIDING JOINTTHE GLIDING JOINT

The bones glide over The bones glide over one another.one another.

There is small There is small movement in all movement in all directions.directions.

This is the least This is the least moveable of all synovial moveable of all synovial joints.joints.

Examples…Examples…

Page 16: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

CartilageCartilage What is it?

Page 17: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

LigamentsLigaments

What do they attach to?

What do they do?

Page 18: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

TendonsTendons

What do tendons attach to?

What do they do?

Page 19: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

Movements At JointsMovements At Joints

JOINTJOINT MOVEMENT ALLOWEDMOVEMENT ALLOWED

BALL & SOCKETFLEXION, EXTENSION, ADDUCTION, ABDUCTION, ROTATION, CIRCUMDUCTION.

HINGE FLEXION & EXTENSION

PIVOT ROTATION

SADDLEFLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION & ADDUCTION, CIRCUMDUCTION, ROTATION

CONDYLOID FLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION

GLIDING A LITTLE GLIDING IN ALL DIRECTIONS.

Page 20: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

MOVEMENTSMOVEMENTS

FLEXION – Bending a limb between the bones to reduce the angle at a joint.

EXTENSION – Straightening a limb, increasing the angle at a joint. ABDUCTION – Sideways movement away from the centre of the body

FLEXION

EXTENSION

ABDUCTION

Page 21: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

MOVEMENTSMOVEMENTS

ADDUCTION – Sideways movement towards the centre of the body.

CIRCUMDUCTION – Moving a limb through a circle, a full 360 degrees.

ROTATION – Turning a part on its own axis.

ADDUCTION

CIRCUMDUCTION

ROTATION

Page 22: Learning Objectives To gain knowledge and understanding of the different types of joints in the body, and to learn their structure. To explain the movement

In your pairs/groups – you must now think of a sporting action.

You must act it out – including the range of movement.

You score your points depending on how long it takes the rest of the class to guess: Your sport Your sporting action The joint you are talking about (proper name) The type of movement

You have 3 minutes to plan it! GO!!!

CHARADESCHARADES


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