learning objectives/practice questions · helmont’sexperiment •although van helmont did not...
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Learning Objectives/Practice Questions
1a) Where does the mass of a tree come from?
1b) Summarize van Helmont’s experiment. What was his conclusion? Identify a flaw in his experiment, and suggest a way he could have addressed this flaw.
2) What are ADP and ATP? How are they similar? Different?
3) Explain how the ADP-ATP system is like a battery.
4) Summarize the two main ways that living organisms can obtain energy. Give examples of each.
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Where does the mass of a tree come from?
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Where does the mass of a tree come from?
a) The soil
b) The water
c) The air
d) The sunlight
e) Other?
Design an experiment to test your prediction.
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Caution: wordy borrowed slides ahead!
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Helmont’s Experiment
• Dutch physician Jan Van Helmont devised an experiment to determine how plant growth actually works
• Found the mass of a pot of dry soil and a small seedling• Planted the seedling in the pot of soil
• Watered regularly for 5 years
• Result: tree gained about 75 kilograms; mass of soil unchanged
• Conclusion: most of the mass must come from water because that is all he added to the pot
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Helmont’s Experiment
What was a flaw in his experiment?
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Where does the mass of a tree come from?
a) The soil
b) The water
c) The air
d) The sunlight
e) Other?
Design an experiment to test your prediction.
Video
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Where does the mass of a tree come from?
a) The soil
b) The water
c) The air
d) The sunlight
e) Other?
Design an experiment to test your prediction.
![Page 9: Learning Objectives/Practice Questions · Helmont’sExperiment •Although Van Helmont did not realize it, carbon dioxide in the air made a major contribution to the mass of his](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022071005/5fc27dc8468d2810573ce32d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Helmont’s Experiment
• Although Van Helmont did not realize it, carbon dioxide in the air made a major contribution to the mass of his tree
• It is the carbon in carbon dioxide that is used to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Priestley’s Experiment
• Took a candle, placed a glass jar over it, and watched as the flame gradually died out• Something in the air was necessary to keep a candle
burning•When that substance was used up, the candle went
out
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Priestley’s Experiment
•Priestley then placed a spring of mint under the jar and allowed a few days to pass, the candle could be relighted and would remain lighted for awhile
•The mint had produced the substance required for burning
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Plants produce oxygen!
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Lesson Overview
8.1 Energy and Life
(6-1 Equivalent)
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Discussion:
- What is energy?
- What do cells use it for?
- What is the law of conservation of energy? What are the implications for cells?
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Chemical Energy and ATP
Energy is the ability to do work.
Cells use energy to:
• Build new molecules
• Contract muscles
• Transport substances across cell membranes
Without the ability to obtain and use energy, life would cease to exist.
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Chemical Energy and ATP
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP):
• An important compound used to store and release energy
• Made of: adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Storing Energy
• Adenosine diphosphate (ADP):
• Differs from ATP: two phosphate groups
• Also stores energy (less than ATP)
• ADP is like a rechargeable battery:• Extra energy used to add
phosphate group to ADP; makes ATP
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Releasing Energy
• Cells can release the energy stored in ATP by breaking the bonds between the second and third phosphate groups.
• Because a cell can add or subtract these phosphate groups, it has an efficient way of storing and releasing energy as needed.
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Using Biochemical Energy: Examples
Active transport:
• Uses ATP energy to move substances across membrane
• Maintains balance of ions on each side of membrane
• Examples:
• Proton pumps
• Sodium-potassiumpumps in most cellmembranes
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Using Biochemical Energy: Examples
ATP powers movement, providing the energy for motor proteins that contract muscle and power the movement of cilia and flagella.
•
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Using Biochemical Energy: Examples
Energy from ATP powers the synthesis of proteinsand responses to chemical signals at the cell surface.
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Using Biochemical Energy
• ATP best used for short-term energy storage
• Most efficient: keep a little bit of ATP at a time
• Cells can regenerate ATP from ADP as needed by using the energy in foods likeglucose
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs
Discussion:
- How do you get your energy?
- What are some other ways that organisms get their energy?
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs
Heterotrophs: organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things
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Lesson Overview Energy and Life
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs
Autotrophs: organisms that make their own food
Photosynthesis:
• Process where autotrophs use sunlight energy to produce high-energy carbohydrates that can be used for food
• Plants, algae, and some bacteria