learning physiology! best practices
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Learning PhysiologyBest Practices
Dr. Linda CostanzoProfessor of Physiology and Biophysics
Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine
Universiti of MalayaFaculty of Medicine
Department of PhysiologyNovember 6, 2021
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VCU Malaya
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Thank you!Dr. Elina and Professor Cheng
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Medical College of VirginiaFounded 1838
Historic Egyptian Building
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Today’s topics
• Physiology – what’s different?• Best learning practices for physiology• To book or not to book?• I need to write!• ”Order of events” (aka sequential thinking)• Self-quizzing – how does it work?• Forgetting is good!• “Own it”!!!• Smart test-taking in physiology
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Physiology is different!
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
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The stakes feel higher
“Physiology is the basis for pathophysiology”
Hm…could be important
“Physiology is the basis of medicine”Yeah, yeah…that’s what anatomy and biochemistry said too!
• Physiology is essential for year-end barrier exams
Ok, now you have my attention!
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Personal philosophy
• Physiology is the foundation of medicine.
• Physiology is the “WHY?”
• Physiology cannot be memorized.
• If you practice the principles of physiology, you will OWN them for life.
Think physiologically!
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Physiology is different!
• Physiology can’t be memorized (and you’re good memorizers)
• Understanding physiology can’t be rushed
• Concepts and principles >>> isolated facts
• Interconnections, recurring themes
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Making peace with graphs, equations and calculations
• The “language” of physiology
• “I don’t do graphs”????
• Secret: translate graphs and equations into intuitive
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Learning physiology – best practicesTime-honored cycle that works
• Pre-read
• Attend class
• Review
• Practice questions
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To book or not to book
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Books can…..
• Provide a source for your pre-read
• Tell same story, different voice
• Show the hierarchy of concepts
• Provide cohesive story
• Translate graphs, equations and calculations into words
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Books can……
• Fill gaps
• Give spot help for difficult topics
• Provide extra practice questions
• Stand by you in difficult times
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I need to write in order to learn!Writing makes my brain work better
What can I write for physiology?
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What NOT to write!
• Do not “copy the notes”
• Copying is passive
• Copying wastes time
•Kick the copying habit!
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Writing is good!Writing should be active!
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Active writingThe only limit is your own imagination
• Write order of events – the best!
• Make your own charts –awesome!The nephron, V/Q defects, autonomics,cardiac ion channels, endocrine disorders, GI hormones
• Re-draw graphs – wow!• While talking through
Frank-Starling, pressure-volume loops, lung compliance curves
• Practice questions – your BFFs!
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Let’s dive into order of events
• This is how to OWN physiology!
• Practice order of events• What happens first?• What happens next?• Follow the logic• Accurately predict
• OWN it forever!
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Here’s an example of “order of events”Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
1. What happened first? ADH can’t act
2. What happened next? Collecting ducts can’t reabsorb water
3. Next? Excess water excreted → ↓ urine osmolarity
4. Next? ↑ plasma osmolarity
5. Next? ↑ ADH
You own it!!
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Self-quizzingis high-powered active review
Make it a daily habit!!!
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Self-quizzing requires no tools….
Except your good ‘ol brain
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Self-quizzingHow it works….
• Retrieve from memory
• Visual and mental rehearsal
• What did I study yesterday? Two days ago? Two weeks ago?
• Key ideas? Most important? New to me?
• Connections to what I already know?
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Forgetting is good!
•What??
• Space your self-quizzing sessions
•Allow forgetting to occur
• ”Decay” strengthens long-term learning• Long-term learning ∞ effort
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Smart physiology test-taking
Yes! Sign me up!
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Physiology multiple choice test-takingThe tried and true
• Sleep (night before exam)
• Read question carefully• Most common testing error = not answering the question asked
• What’s topic of the question? Go to the right place in your brain.
• “Cover-up” technique• Cover answer choices
• Think through order of events steps → your answer
• Match with best answer choice
• Next question!
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Test-taking “don’ts
• Don’t read questions too fast
• Don’t be distracted by distractors (distractors = wrong answers)
• Don’t over-think• Think just enough!
• Don’t reconsider your career choice while taking tests
• Don’t change answers impulsively
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Recommended resourcesPhysiology
Didactic textbook with questions (can be used for pre-read or post-read). Wait for 7th edition in December 2021; print version comes with electronic Inkling access. (Do not buy Kindle version.): Costanzo Physiology, 7th edition (December, 2021)
https://www.amazon.com/Physiology-Linda-S-Costanzo-PhD/dp/0323478816/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3P6U6AERWXR91&keywords=costanzo+physiology&qid=1636213829&s=books&sprefix=costanzo%2Cstripbooks%2C143&sr=1-1
Review book with multiple choice questions:
BRS Physiology, 7th edition
https://www.amazon.com/Physiology-Board-Review-Linda-Costanzo/dp/1496367618/ref=sr_1_10?crid=3P6U6AERWXR91&keywords=costanzo+physiology&qid=1636213902&s=books&sprefix=costanzo%2Cstripbooks%2C143&sr=1-10
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Recommended resourcesPathology
Pathology review book (great for pathology pre-read): Pathoma.com
Question/explained answers book (excellent):
Robbins Review of Pathologyhttps://www.amazon.com/Robbins-Cotran-Review-Pathology/dp/0323640222/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3QU4PB3EE3UDW&keywords=robbins+review+of+pathology&qid=1636214014&s=books&sprefix=robbins+review+of+pathology%2Cstripbooks%2C120&sr=1-1
Image bank and question bank (excellent and free from the Robbins folks)WebPath -- The University of Utahhttps://webpath.med.utah.edu/
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Recommended resources
Comprehensive electronic question bank
U World for Step 1 (outstanding!)
https://medical.uworld.com/usmle/usmle-step-1/
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Best wishes from VCU!!!