learning target: #2 organic -comes from living matter contains both c and h inorganic - comes from...
TRANSCRIPT
Learning Target: #2
Organic -comes from living matter
contains both C and H
Inorganic - comes from nonliving matter does not contain both C and H
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CARBONLearning Target: #3
• The backbone of organic compounds
• Forms covalent bonds, and bonds with other carbons
• Has 4 bonding sites
• Forms single, double, triple bonds
• Forms chains and rings
5 KEY TERMS: Learning Targets - #6 and #7
• FUNCTIONAL GROUPS - determine characteristics of compounds/the part of the molecule involved in bonding
• Ex’s: -OH, hydroxyl group, -COOH, carboxyl group,
-NH2, amino group
• Monomers - building blocks of organic compounds• Polymers - large molecule formed from linking
monomers together • Macromolecule - very large molecule (polymers joined)• Isomer-molecules with same chem formula but
different structural formula
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESISLearning Target: #9
• The loss of water in order to join 2 monomers, thus forming a larger molecule –polymer
• Also called a condensation reaction
Hydrolysis
The addition of water to break apart a polymer to create monomers
Organic Compounds OverviewLearning targets: #6 and #7
hydroxyl
hydroxylcarboxyl
aminocarboxyl
hydroxyl
DNA, RNAnucleotide
waxsteroid
fatglycerol
fatty acids
proteinamino acids
polysaccharidemonosaccharide
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
FUNCTIONAL GROUP
POLYMERMONOMERORGANIC COMPOUNDS
MONOSACCHARIDESLearningTarget: #3, #6, #7, #8
• Monomer of carbs• Elements- C, H, O (ratios 2:1,
H:O)• Ex’s: glucose, fructose, galactose• Formula- C6H12O6,
• Isomers• Function-quick energy• Tests-Benedicts-turns orange,
yellow, green, red• Functional Group- -OH
(hydroxyl)
DISACCHARIDES
• 2 Sugar carbohydrate• Formula- C12H22O11
• Functional groups-OH (hydroxyl)
• Tests-negative for both benedicts and iodine• Ex’s-sucrose, maltose, lactose
Glycoside linkage to form disaccharidesLearning Target: #9
The two sugars are joined by condensation and may be broken by hydrolysis
CH2OH
C
H
OH
H
CH
C
OH
H
C
OH
OH
H
C
O
CH2OH
C
H
OH
H
CH
C
OH
H
C
OH
OH
H
C
O
© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
CH2OH
C
H
OH
H
CH
C
OH
H
COH
H
C
O
CH2OH
C
H
H
CH
C
OH
H
C
OH
OH
H
C
O
O
+ H2O
© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
A disaccharide
Different monosaccharides can be used
• sucrose = glucose + fructose
• lactose = glucose + galactose
• maltose = glucose + glucose
© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
CARBOHYDRATE FUNCTIONSLearning Target: #8
Sugars (mono and disaccharides)
• Maintenance of osmotic balance (e.g. salts in blood plasma, plant cell turgidity);
• transport of energy reserves (e.g. glucose in blood or sucrose in sap);
• energy substrate (respiration and photosynthesis);
• energy store (sugar cane);
• flavouring (fruits); reward (nectar);
• precursors (building blocks) of polysaccharides, nucleotides and amino acids
© 2007 Paul Billiet ODWS
POLYSACCHARIDE
• Many sugar carbohydrate• Formula- Cy(H2O)x• Tests-positive for Iodine (turns navy blue)• Function – short term storage of energy• Ex’s - glycogen (animal starch), starch (plants),
cellulose (plant building material)
Glucose Song
• Go to youtube and type in glucose song!!