Learning Target:

I can work independently and collaboratively to summarize key ideas from the Age of Reason using the most effective diction possible.

TWILIGHT: Girl gives up college for stalker

THE DARK KNIGHT: Wealthy man assaults the mentally ill

• Read & reread your assigned textbook section and underline important lines in pen or pencil.

• Next, review what you have underlined and complete the following tasks:– Make a bullet point list of important terms, people, happenings,

etc.– Write a one sentence summary of the entire section.

• Now, get together with two other people who have the same GROUP NUMBER as you.

• Combine/change your individual sentences to write a more detailed three-sentence SUMMARY of the entire section.– These sentences must produce a summary that makes sense and

contains the most important ideas from the complete document. • Choose a spokesperson to read your title and summary to

the class.

Now It’s Your Turn!

• 1720s-1800s (aka Age of Reason, Enlightenment Era)

• Rationalism: human beings can arrive at truth by using reason rather than relying on authority of the past, religious faith, or intuition.

• Key figures: Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, Ben Franklin, & Patrick Henry

• Ideas motivated revolutionary thought. Why?• Most literature: pamphlets, essays, & speeches

What is Rationalism?

Benjamin Franklin: • Inventive and

curious• Focused on self-

improvement

Key Rationalist Figures Thomas Jefferson:

drive to improve • Living conditions• Forms of gov’t • The individual

mind

Thomas Paine: • Wrote The Age of

Reason• Wrote Common

Sense: Rational appeal for American independence

Key Rationalist Figures

• All humans are born with an innate ethical sense and are inherently good.

• God wants his creations to be happy. Thus, the best form of worship is to do good for others. (Service)

•God’s greatest gift to humanity is the gift of reason, or the ability to think logically.• One can attain perfection

through the use of reason or intellectual thought.

Rationalist Beliefs• Clockmaker theory:

God created the universe and then let it “run” on its own, God does not intervene in the universe.

• God makes it possible for ALL people at ALL times to discover natural laws through REASON (Didn’t believe in “the elect”)

• Stressed humanity’s goodness• Believed individuals could improve selves through

REASON & LOGIC

• God reveals truth at particular times to particular chosen people.

• God is actively involved in our lives

• People = sinners• Fate over free will• Bible contains all truth

• God makes it possible for all people at all times to discover truth through God-given powers of reason.

• “Clockmaker theory”• People = basically good• Man can improve himself

and achieve greatness.• We should seek more truth

Puritanism vs. Rationalism

• Is believing in aliens rational or irrational?

– Rationalism: human beings can arrive at truth by using reason rather than relying on authority of the past, religious faith, or intuition.

Do you believe in aliens?

Read an excerpt from Thomas Paine’s essay “The Age of Reason” and perform the following tasks:

– Underline lines that seem important.– After reading the excerpt, highlight the most

important line.– Summarize the argument in one sentence.– Determine if the argument is rational or irrational and

write 1 sentence justifying why.

• Who wrote this? – “Founding Father” – Influential Rationalist thinker– Used logic to argue for American Independence

Independent Practice…

Reviewing Thomas Paine’s “Age of Reason”BACKGROUND INFO• British prosecuted printers/booksellers that wanted to print his pamphlets• Deistic revival• Challenges legitimacy of the bible• Demands end to religious persecution• Took deism out of the hands of the aristocracy and brought it to the people• Paine said, “My own Mind is my church”

SUMMARY: Believed in the plurality of worlds. Christianity is limiting in that it focuses too much on the relationship between God and the Earth. There is a difference between believing in God and Christianity.

RATIONAL or IRRATIONAL? Rational because he uses reason to support his ideas.

NEW TROPESUNIT 15

Learning Target

• I can identify new tropes (allusions and analogies) and new schemes( repetition, parallel structure, and rhetorical questions) in Patrick Henry’s Speech to the Virginia Convention

ALLUSION

• An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference to, or a representation of, people, places, events, literary work, myths, or works of art, either directly or by implication.

ANALOGY

• Like relationships among 2 sets of terms. Does not claim the total identification, which is the property of a metaphor

• May look like a simile• Tends to be oriented around similarities amongst

the relationships • ANALOGY= more scientific sounding (inductive)• SIMILE=more artful• EX: comparing a heart to a valve

NEW SCHEMESUNIT 15

Repetition

• Repetition of a sound, syllable, word, phrase, line, stanza may reinforce an idea or feeling within a text.

Parallelism

• In grammar, parallelism, also known as parallel structure , is a balance within one or more sentences of similar phrases or clauses that have the same grammatical structure.[1]

• Makes sentences easier to process.

• Lacking parallelism: She likes cooking, jogging, and to read.

• Parallel: She likes cooking, jogging, and reading.• Parallel: She likes to cook, jog, and read.

Rhetorical Questions

• A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point.[1]

• The question, a rhetorical device, is posed not to elicit a specific answer, but rather to encourage the listener to consider a message or viewpoint

• A common example is the question "Can't you do anything right?". This question, when posed, is intended not to ask about the listener's abilities, but rather to insinuate a lack of the listener's abilities.