learning. the questions of learning where do we learn? what are we ready to learn with ease? is...
TRANSCRIPT
Learning
The Questions of Learning
Where do we learn?What are we ready to learn with
ease?Is there anything we know
instinctively?What do we need to actively try
to learn?How do we learn?
Where do we learn?
FamilySchoolFriendsMediaWorkAny other places?
What are we ready to learn with ease?
From a young age we learn to walk, talk and eat with ease.
Are we hardwired to learn and react to the world around us from a young age?
What are we ready to learn?
Did those babies learn to react that way?
Or do they instinctively react that way?
What do we need to actively try to learn?
Learning Math, Science and other languages requires a conscious effort to learn
“Natural” abilities only go so far, but there are exceptions to the rule.
LearningLearning - any change in
knowledge or behaviour as a result of experience.
Humans rely on learning over instinct
We can change our thinking and behaviour to meet new situations and challenges
Types of LearningConditioning: acquiring
patterns of behaviour in the presence of an environmental stimulus
Most human behaviour is the result of conditioned learning
Classical Conditioning - Pavlov’s dog
Learning where a stimulus that does not elicit a given response is repeatedly linked with one that does until the neutral stimulus elicits the response by itself
Terms you NEED to know!
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): agent that leads to a response without training
For example: the meat/food
Terms you NEED to know!
Unconditioned Response (UCR): automatic response to an unconditioned stiumulus
For example: drooling
Terms you NEED to know!
Neutral Stimulus (NS): stimulus that initially has no effect
For example: the metronome
Terms you NEED to know
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): a former neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a given response after pairing it with an unconditioned stimulus
For example: the metronome
Terms you NEED to know!
Conditioned Response (CR): The dog drools as a result of hearing the metronome
Hints!
The neutral stimulus is always the same as the conditioned stimulus
Figure out the unconditioned response first (the natural or automatic response that requires no learning, teaching or prompting to occur)
Assignment!Read each example and fill in the
charts with the unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response and conditioned response
Then create two examples of your own!
Work ALONE!!! I am here to help and answer questions!
ExampleYou eat a new food and then get
sick because of the flu. However, you develop a dislike for the food and feel nauseated whenever you smell it.
Operant Conditioning - B. F. Skinner
Learning complex behaviours through the use of positive or negative reinforcements
Skinner wanted to teach a rat to push a lever in a cage to get a piece of food
When the rat touched the lever (behaviour), it got a food pellet (reward)
Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement: Reward for desired behaviours
For example: getting praise from your parents for getting good grades
ReinforcementNegative Reinforcement:
behaviour that occurs to avoid negative consequences
For example: slowing down to avoid getting a speeding ticket, not talking to avoid detention
Where do we learn?Of the five places discussed
(family, school, peers, media, work), which is the most important?
Rank them most important (top) to least important (bottom).
Justify each ranking!