learning theories
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Learning Theories. The (Sociological) Social Psychology of Deviance. Differential Association. Edwin Sutherland Two main assumptions Deviance happens when a person defines a situation as the right time Definitions reflect social background. Differential Association. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The (Sociological) Social Psychology of Deviance
Edwin Sutherland◦ Two main assumptions
Deviance happens when a persondefines a situation as the right time
Definitions reflect social background
In association with others, one:◦ Learns to define situation as right time◦ Masters necessary skills & techniques◦ Acquires necessary motives, rationalizations
Robert Burgess & Ronald Akers◦ Differential Reinforcement
Operant conditioning Behavioral Psychology
R-S-R Reinforcements
Positive (get what you want) Negative (don’t get what you don’t want)
Punishments Positive (something happens to you) Negative (something you value is taken away)
Gresham Sykes & David Matza◦ Techniques of neutralization
Denial of responsibility Denial of injury Denial of victim Condemning the condemners Appeal to higher loyalties
Preventative Learning◦ Socialization
Correction (“Un-learning”)◦ Youth programs◦ Group correction
Self-help groups AA
Synanon◦ Token economies
◦ Aversive therapies Disulfiram Succinylcholine
Still influential◦ Recent themes:
Deviant careers “Becoming”
Shortcomings◦ Abuse potential◦ Ignores choice◦ Ignores larger context