learning theories for the digital age
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A slidedeck created for the ELESIG webinar on 9 May, 2013 hosted by Nottingham UniversityTRANSCRIPT
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Learning Theories for the Digital Age
Steve WheelerInstitute of EducationPlymouth University
Photo by Steve Wheeler
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albert_Einstein_1947.jpg
“I never teach my students. I only provide the conditions in which they can learn.”
- Albert Einstein Stev
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Behaviourism/Instructionism
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‘Personal windows’ on the world
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Surface Learning
Deep Learning
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Marton F and Säljö, R. (1976) On Qualitative Differences in Learning, 2: Outcome as a function of the learner's conception of the task, British Journal of Educational Psychology 46, 115-27
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Knowledge
Wisdom
Transformation
http://slated.org
Knowing that
Knowing how
Knowing why
Cognition
Application
Analysis
Evaluation
Declarative
Procedural
Critical Stev
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Data
Information
Knowledge
Wisdom
Transformation
ENGAGEMENT
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/specialkrb/2772991999
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PassiveObserver
TransactionalParticipant
PeripheralParticipant
Adapted from: Karalis, T. (2010) Situated and transformative learning: exploring the potential of critical reflection to enhance organizational knowledge, Development and Learning in Organizations, Vol. 24 (1), 17 - 20
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Lurking = legitimate peripheral participation?
Core
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‘Transformative learning involves experiencing a deep, structural shift in the basic premises of thought, feelings, and actions.’ (O’Sullivan, 2003)
http://www.halloffame.outreach.ou.edu/2003/Mezirow.html
Jack Merizow
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Merizow, J. (1991) Transformative dimensions of adult learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
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Perspective transformationPsychological (changes in self concept) Convictional changes (revision of belief systems)Behavioural changes (changes in lifestyle)
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Photo by Steve Wheeler
Merizow, J. (1991) Transformative dimensions of adult learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
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PassiveObserver
TransactionalParticipant
PeripheralParticipant
Core Group
Full Member
Adapted from: Karalis, T. (2010) Situated and transformative learning: exploring the potential of critical reflection to enhance organizational knowledge, Development and Learning in Organizations, Vol. 24 (1), 17 - 20
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The transformation ‘event horizon’ – Kevin Burden
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We learn by doing (Piaget, 1950)
Photo by Steve Wheeler
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Commenting, discussing
Sharing, retweeting, liking, favouriting
Watching, lurking, reading
Curating
Creating, repurposing
The Engagement Pyramid(Adapted from Altimeter Group)
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Students taking notesPhoto: Lori Cullen
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http://web.media.mit.edu/~papert/
“I am convinced that the best learning takes place when the learner takes charge.”
– Seymour Papert Stev
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Digital Natives? (Prensky, 2001)
Prensky, M. (2001) Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants, Part 1. On the Horizon. Emerald Publishing
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http://jiscrsc.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2013/04/digvis-digres.png
“We all fall somewhere along a continuum between Digital Visitor and Digital Resident, from very occasional online interaction, like accessing your bank account, to the evolution of a complex online presence through a variety of platforms.” – Judy Bloxham (JISC, 2013)
Digital Residents, Digital Visitors (White & Le Cornu, 2011)
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Personal Learning NetworksPhoto by Steve Wheeler
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http://bradley.chattablogs.com
“ ‘I store my knowledge in my friends’ …is an axiom for collecting knowledge… through collecting people”.
- Karen Stephenson
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Distributed LearningConnectivism
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http://thirdmonth.blogspot.co.uk
Computers as ‘mind tools’ for the engaging of learners in critical thinking
- David Jonassen
‘New’ Social Constructivism
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Beyond my reach
What I can learn with help(ZPD)
ZPD and scaffolding
What I can learn on my
own
Technology and toolsKnowledgeable others
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Photo by Mark Hillary http://www.flickr.com/photos/markhillary/4135336907/
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Twitter Wall
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We learn by making (Papert, 1980)Photo by Steve Wheeler
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Learning
User generated
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Learning by making
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Learning 2.0
ToolsCollaborating
Sharing
Voting
Networking
User generated
content
Architecture of participation
Tagging
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Blogging
http://www.volusion.com/
In the act of writing... ...we are written.
- Daniel Chandler
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“Blogging ... Is the most important form of unchoreographed public discourse that
we have.”
- Lawrence Lessig
http://news.oreilly.com
“Never have so many people written so much to be read by so few...”
- Katie Hafner
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Flip the roles, not just the classroom
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“Education must begin with the solution of the teacher-student
contradiction, by reconciling the poles
of the contradiction so that both are
simultaneously teachers and
students.”
- Paulo Freirehttp://arts.anu.edu.au
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http://www.infed.org/biblio/b-learn.htm
We learn by teaching
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Bearpit Pedagogy
http://open.salon.com
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Self organised learning
For successful self organised learning the essential components are:
• Communication• Reflection• Collaboration• Community• Creative Tools• Amplification
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Heutagogy
Flâneur
Self-determined learning
Hase & Kenyon
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Making Connections
In Connectivism, learning involves creating connections and developing a network. It is
a theory for the digital age drawing upon chaos, emergent properties, and self
organised learning.
(It’s not what you know, but who you know)
Source: Wikipediahttp://www.pestproducts.com
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RhizomesDeleuze & Guattari
Anarchy of the Web
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Rhizomatic learning
Source: Cormier, D. (2008) http://davecormier.com/edblog/
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“In the rhizomatic view, knowledge can only be negotiated, [and is] a personal knowledge-creation process with mutable goals and constantly negotiated premises.”
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http://www.slideshare.net/courosa/why-social-networks-matter
GlobalSocial
Personal Stev
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“All too often we are giving young people cut flowers when we should be teaching them to grow their own plants.”
- John W. Gardner
http://picsnwall.com/wp-content/uploads
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