leaves - ii. corn leaves show kranz anatomy photosynthesis light reactions produces atp and nadph...
TRANSCRIPT
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Leaves - II
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Corn leaves show Kranz anatomy
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Photosynthesis
• Light Reactions produces ATP and NADPH
• Carbon fixation reaction incorporates CO2 into sugars– Normal fixation is by Calvin Cycle: C-3
pathway• CO2 + Ribulose-1,6-bisphosphate forms 2
molecules of PGA
– C-4 plants prefix CO2 into oxaloacetic acid and malic acid prior to the Calvin Cycle
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Calvin Cycle (C-3)
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C-3 plant leaves
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C-4 pathway
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Sugar Cane Leaf
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Grama grass leaf (C-4)
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Corn leaf
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Amaranth Leaf (C-4 dicot)
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Schematic of Atriplex leaf (a C-4 dicot)
1 = vascular bundle
2 = bundle sheath cell
3 = radially arranged palisade mesophyll (Kranz-mesophyll) cell
4 = water-storage parenchyma cell
5 = stomatal complex
6 = sub-stomatal cavity
7 = cuticle of adaxial epidermis
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Adaptations to Xeric Environments
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Thickened cuticle
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Sunken stomata
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Beach grass
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Yucca
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Oleander has many xeromorphic adaptations
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Ficus
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Succulency
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Succulents
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Lithops
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Saguaro cactus
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Hydrophytes
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Nymphae spp
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Nymphae leaves
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Elodea
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Potamogeton
Floating leaf Submerged leaf
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Submerged Vallisneria leaf
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Gymnosperm leaves
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Pine needles
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Pine
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Cooksonia earliest vascular plant
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Evolution of microphylls as enations
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Evolution of Megaphylls by
•Overtopping
•Plannation
•Webbing
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