lecnote block neoplasia 2011
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Oncogene & Tumor
Suppressor GeneHarliansyah, Ph.D
Dept of Biochemistry
Faculty of MedicineYARSI University
March, 2011
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References
1. Smith, A. Marks, A D. Lieberman, M. 2006.
Marks Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical
Approach. 2ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
2. Bos, J I. Burgering, B M T. 2004. Molecular
Mechanisms in Signal Transduction and Cancer.
EMBO Reports. Vol. 5 (9) : 855859.
3. Rao, N M. 2006. Medical Biochemistry. 2ed.
New Age International Publishers.
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The Molecular Biology of Cancer
Cancer : a group of diseases in which cells growabnormally and form a malignant tumor.
Normal cells in the body respond to signals such as:contact inhibition, that direct them to stopproliferating.
Cancer cells do not require growth stimulatory signalsand they are resistant to growth inhibitory signals andapoptosis.
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Contd
Cancer cells have an infinite proliferativecapacity and do not become senescent.
They can grow independently of structural
support.The transformation of a normal cells to a cancer
cell begins with damage to DNA (base changes
or strand breaks) caused by chemicalcarcinogens, UV light, viruses, or replicationerrors.
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Three phase mechanism for chemical carcinogenesis :
1. Initiation , normal cells to latent tumor cells
2. Promotion , latent tumor cells to carcinoma in situ
3. Progression, carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma
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Classification of Cancer
1. Carcinomaare cancers of the cells or organs derivedfrom ectoderm or endoderm, epithelial tissues, nervoustissues, glands, etc.
examples: Adenocarcinoma (gland), Gliomas (brainnervous tissues).
2. Sarcomaare cancers of the tissues of mesodermal
origion, bone, cartilage, connective tissues, muscle.examples: Osteosarcoma (bone), Fibriosarcoma(Connective tissues).
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Type of DNA Mutation
Color Atlas of Genetics. 2ndEd. Passarge, E. Thieme. Stuttgart, Germany 2001
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Oncogene
Oncogenes are mutated derivatives of normal
genes (proto-oncogenes) whose function is to
promote proliferation or cell survival.
These genes can code for growth factors (GF),
GF Receptor (GFR), signal transduction
proteins, intracellular kinases and transcription
factors.
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1. Growth Factor
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2. Transcription Factor 3. Cyclins synthesis
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Tumor Suppressor Genes
Normal growth suppressor genes, encode
proteins that inhibit proliferation, promote cell
death and repair DNA.
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1. Regulatory of Ras
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2. Adhesi
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Treatment of Cancer
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Thanks for you attention