lect 1 scientific-method-bsc-1010_f13_jc
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Scientific methodLecture #1, Chapter 1
by John Cozza, Biology Dept.(some material modified from Raven, Biology 9th ed.)
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Energize your clicker! • Register your clicker online at
http://www1.iclicker.com/register-an-iclicker
using your Panther ID!• Press and hold power button
for 2 sec.• Enter frequency “AA” ( or ●)• Answer questions. • or ● means OK.• No or ● or means not OK.• Please help your neighbor!
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Science of Biology outline
• How to succeed• What is life?• Levels of organization• Brief history of life• Scientific method• Examples of inquiry– Evolution – Climate change
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Science of Biology outline
• How to succeed• What is life?• Levels of organization• Brief history of life• Scientific method• Examples of inquiry– Evolution – Climate change
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Goals of General Biology 1
Describe & discuss•Cell components and how they function•Inheritance on the molecular, organismal, and population levels•Mechanisms of and evidence for evolution•Relevant applications
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Study plan1) Read relevant chapter(s)– Summaries, figures– Review questions
2) Participate in lecture– Interaction– Notes
3) Review lecture ASAP– Book– Study group
4) Ask Qs & use office hours
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Integrate!
• Lecture• Book• Lab• PLTL• Experiences &
resources
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Science of Biology outline
• How to succeed• What is life?• Levels of organization• Brief history of life• Scientific method• Examples of inquiry– Evolution – Climate change
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Think—pair—share:What is life?
NASA Curiosity rover on Mars
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What is life?• Movement• Organization• Compartmentalization• Growth & reproduction• Heredity• Evolution • Metabolism• Interact with environment• Homeostasis• Entropy?• Emergent properties http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/
environment/natural-disasters/hurricane-profile/
http://www.erh.noaa.gov/okx/okxfirewx.html
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Define life?
Life is a “self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution.”
- G.F. Joyce, adopted as the NASA definition Bains, W. 2004. Many chemistries could be
used to build living systems. Astrobiology 4(2):137-67.
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Think—pair—share:Evidence for life on Earth?
NASA Galileo spacecrafthttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=462
Earth from Galileo spacecraft. Closest approach 960 Km
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Evidence for life on Earth?
• Abundant H2O
• Abundant O2
• Disequilibrium of CH4
• Absorption of red; reflectance of green
• Radio wave emissions
Earth from Galileo spacecraftSagan, C. et al. 1993. A search for life on Earth from the Galileo spacecraft. Nature 365: 715-721
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Science of Biology outline
• How to succeed• What is life?• Levels of organization• Brief history of life• Scientific method• Examples of inquiry– Evolution – Climate change
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Atoms to cell
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Atoms to cell
Macromolecularassembly
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Cell to organism
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Organisms to biosphere?
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Science of Biology outline
• How to succeed• What is life?• Levels of organization• Brief history of life• Scientific method• Examples of inquiry– Evolution – Climate change
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Key questions
• How did life begin?• What were the major
innovations?• Which were likely vs.
unlikely?
Archean eonBy Martin Schuler
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Timeline of life
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Timeline_evolution_of_life.svg
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Timeline of life
LL
U
U
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Science of Biology outline
• How to succeed• What is life?• Levels of organization• Brief history of life• Scientific method• Examples of inquiry– Evolution – Climate change
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“Popperian” scientific method
observations
question
hypotheses
predictions experiments
hypotheses supported or rejected
Karl Popper1902-1994http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Popper
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“Popperian” scientific method
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“Popperian” scientific method
observations
question
hypotheses
predictions experiments
hypotheses supported or rejected
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Science has many methods!
observations
question
hypotheses
predictions experiments
hypotheses supported or rejected
correlations
model
description
theory-big picture-diverse support
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Interactive question #1A researcher is investigating the effect of moderate wine consumption on cardiovascular health. An example of a prediction associated with the study would beA.Red wine is an antioxidant.B.Red wine is popular in Italy, which has a lower rate of heart attacks than the US.C.Red wine slows atherosclerosis.D.Red wine drinkers will have fewer heart attacks than non-drinkers.
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Scientific reasoning
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Science is a
social process!
http://mistypedurl.com/2009/03/bachelors-of-science/
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Peer review
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Science of Biology outline
• How to succeed• What is life?• Levels of organization• Brief history of life• Scientific method• Examples of inquiry– Evolution – Climate change
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Climate change: is it real?
http://www.skepticalscience.com/solar-activity-sunspots-global-warming-advanced.htm
Data from tree rings, ice cores, sediments
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Climate change: is it real?
http://climate.nasa.gov/key_indicators
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http://www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org/pages/glaciers.php
http://climate.nasa.gov/key_indicators
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Interactive question #2
Rising global temperatures since the late 1800s is an example of a(n)A.observationB.hypothesisC.modelD.correlationE.experimental result
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Atmospheric CO2
http://climate.nasa.gov/key_indicators
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Atmospheric CO2
http://www.ethree.com/downloads/Climate%20Change%20Readings/Climate%20Science/History%20of%20Climate%20Science/xMaunaLoa.htm
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Interactive question #3
“Temperature rise in the 20th century was caused by increased [CO2]” is an example of a(n) A.observationB.hypothesisC.modelD.correlationE.experimental result
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http://www.skepticalscience.com/co2-temperature-correlation.htm
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Interactive question #4
The relationship of CO2 to temperature since 1970 is an example of a(n)A.observationB.hypothesisC.modelD.correlationE.experimental result
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Sea level rise
Projection of sea level rise from 1990 to 2100, based on three different emissions scenarios. Also shown: observations of annual global sea level rise over the past half century (red line), relative to 1990.http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/future.html
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Interactive question #5
Scenarios for sea level rise by 2100 are an example of a(n)A.observationB.hypothesisC.modelD.correlationE.experimental result
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Science of Biology summary
• How to succeed• What is life?– Characteristics – Levels of organization– History
• Scientific method
Next:• Biological molecules