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THE BLOODPLASMA

Lecture -1Dr. Zahoor Ali Shaikh

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BLOODWe will discuss i). Compositions and Functions of Blood,

Plasmaii). Hematocritiii). Plasma Protein

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BLOODWhat is Blood ?It is transport medium in the body. It

transports O2 and substances absorbed from GIT [Gastro Intestinal Tract] to the tissues and returns CO2 to lungs and products of metabolism to the kidneys.

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BLOODFunctions of Blood1. Carries O2 to the tissues and transports CO2

from the tissues to the lungs.2. Transport of materials between the cells.3. Buffers changes in pH. 4. Helps in regulation of body temperature.5. Plays major role in body defense system.6. Minimizes blood loss, when blood vessel is

damaged [blood clotting].

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BLOODWhat is composition of Blood ?It has 1. Plasma – 55% 2. Cells - 45% Cells are -Erythrocytes [RBC - Red Blood Cells] -Leukocytes [WBC – White Blood Cells]

-Platelets

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BLOOD [CELLS] cont.RBCs have membrane and contain

hemoglobin that transport O2 in the blood.WBCs work for defense of body, and have

immune system.Platelets play important role in blood clotting

[Hemostasis].

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BLOOD What is Hematocrit or Packed Cell

Volume [PCV]?It is ratio of cells [RBC, WBC, Platelet] to the

plasma. PCV - 45% [40 to 47%] Plasma - 55%.

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BLOOD Important Information1. Blood represents about 8% of body weight.2. Average volume of blood In women – 5 liters In men – 5.5 liters3. pH of Blood – 7.4 [slightly alkaline]4. Blood specific gravity 1.0555. Blood viscosity is two and half times that of

water.

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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

Q1. What is the Blood volume of New born baby?

Answer: About 280 ml.

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PLASMAWe will discuss PLASMA:What is PLASMA ?It is fluid portion of blood, straw colored.Composition of Plasma: - water – 90% - inorganic constituents – 1% E.g. Electrolytes – Na+, Cl-, K+,

HCO3-,Ca2+

They play role in membrane excitability.

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COMPOSITION OF PLASMA [cont.]Organic constituents - Plasma protein – 6 – 8% - Other organic substances present e.g.

Glucose, amino acids, lipids and vitamins.Waste products – urea, creatinine, bilirubin.Dissolved gases – O2 and CO2 Hormones

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SERUMWHAT IS SERUM ?Serum has same composition as Plasma

except that its fibrinogen and other clotting factors have been removed.

Plasma clots on the standing but serum does not clot.

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PLASMA PROTEINPlasma Protein are 1. Albumin 3.5 – 5 g/dl 2. Globulin 2.5 g/dl 3. Fibrinogen 0.3 g/dlPlasma Protein can not pass through

capillary pores, therefore, they have colloid osmotic pressure [Oncotic pressure] of 25 mmHg which holds the water inside and maintains plasma volume.

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PLASMA PROTEIN FUNCTIONSSpecific function of each protein:1. Albumin 3.5 – 5 g/dl, most abundant - molecular weight 69000 - half life 20 days - synthesized in liver - Plasma osmotic pressure is mainly due to albumin (80-90%).

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PLASMA PROTEIN FUNCTIONS

1. Albumin [cont] - Albumin binds to many substances e.g.

bilirubin, bile salts, penicillin for transport in the plasma.

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PLASMA PROTEIN FUNCTIONS2. Globulins – molecular weight 156,000 - 3 subclasses (i). Alpha [α]

(ii). Beta [β]

(iii) Gamma [γ]

Function of Alpha & Beta GlobulinsThey carry substances like thyroid hormones, cholesterol,

iron, lipids, insulin, vitamins A, D, K.Many blood clotting factors are alpha or beta globulin.Angiotensinogin is alpha globulin.

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PLASMA PROTEIN FUNCTIONSGamma Globulin – Immunoglobulin [Ig]Gamma Globulins are antibodies and play

important role in body defense mechanism.Immunoglobulin [Ig] are - IgG – work for defense of body

- IgM – work for defense of body

- IgA – present in secretion e.g. saliva, breast milk, intestinal secretion

- IgD – recognize antigen - IgE – play role in allergic reaction

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PLASMA PROTEIN3. Fibrinogen - molecular weight 400,000 - Fibrinogen play key factor in blood clotting.

Important Note - Plasma protein – Albumin, Fibrinogen,

Alpha, and Beta Globulin are synthesized in liver, but gamma globulin are produced by plasma cell and

B- lymphocytes.

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APPLIEDHypoproteinemia Causes - less protein intake - protein loss in kidney - liver disease, decrease synthesis of protein - intestinal disease, less absorption of protein - in hypoproteinemia, there is decreased

plasma osmotic pressure, therefore, there is Edema [collection of fluid in subcutaneous tissue].

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WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW FROM THIS LECTURE ?Composition & Functions of BloodWhat is Hematocrit or PCV ?Composition & Functions of PlasmaDifference between Blood, Plasma, and

SerumNormal Blood Volume, Plasma Volume,

Plasma Osmotic Pressure Plasma Protein & their FunctionsHypoproteinemia and its causes, Edema

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THANK YOU