GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1

In-class and distance learning

Geospatial database of hydrologic features

GIS and HIS

Curved earth and a flat map

Six Basic Course Elements

Lectures

Powerpoint slides

Video streaming

Readings

Arc Hydro: GIS in

Water Resources

Homework

Computer exercises

Hand exercises

Term Project

Oral presentation

HTML report

Class Interaction

Email

Discussion

Examinations

Midterm, final

Our Classroom

Dr David Tarboton

Students at Utah State

University

Dr David Maidment

Students at UT Austin

Dr Ayse Irmak

Students at University

of Nebraska - Lincoln

University Without Walls

Traditional Classroom Community

Inside and Outside

The Classroom

Learning Styles

Instructor-Centered

Presentation

Community-Centered

Presentation

Student

Instructor

We learn from the instructors and each other

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1

In-class and distance learning

Geospatial database of hydrologic features

GIS and HIS

Curved earth and a flat map

Geographic Data Model

Conceptual Model a set of concepts that describe a subject and allow reasoning about it

Mathematical Model a conceptual model expressed in symbols and equations

Data Model a conceptual model expressed in a data structure (e.g. ascii files, Excel tables, ..)

Geographic Data Model a conceptual model for describing and reasoning about the world expressed in a GIS database

Data Model

based on

Inventory of

data layers

Spatial Data: Vector format

Point - a pair of x and y coordinates

(x1,y1)

Line - a sequence of points

Polygon - a closed set of lines

Node

vertex

Vector data are defined spatially:

Themes or Data Layers

Vector data: point, line or polygon features

Kissimmee watershed, Florida

Themes

Attributes of a Selected Feature

Raster and Vector Data

Point

Line

Polygon

Vector Raster

Raster data are described by a cell grid, one value per cell

Zone of cells

http://srtm.usgs.gov/srtmimagegallery/index.html

Santa Barbara, California

How do we combine these data?

Digital Elevation

Models Watersheds Streams Waterbodies

An integrated

raster-vector

database

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1

In-class and distance learning

Geospatial database of hydrologic features

GIS and HIS

Curved earth and a flat map

Ocean Sciences

What is CUAHSI?

CUAHSI Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc

Formed in 2001 as a legal entity

Program office in Washington (5 staff)

NSF supports CUAHSI to develop infrastructure and services to advance hydrologic science in US universities

Earth Sciences

Atmospheric Sciences

UCAR

CUAHSI

Unidata

HIS National Science Foundation

Geosciences Directorate

CUAHSI Member Institutions

122 Universities as of August 2008

Hydrologic Information System

Goals

Data Access providing better access to a

large volume of high quality hydrologic

data;

Hydrologic Observatories storing and

synthesizing hydrologic data for a region;

Hydrologic Science providing a stronger

hydrologic information infrastructure;

Hydrologic Education bringing more

hydrologic data into the classroom.

HIS Overview Report

Summarizes the conceptual framework, methodology, and application tools for HIS version 1.1

Shows how to develop and publish a CUAHSI Water Data Service

Available at:

http://his.cuahsi.org/documents/HISOverview.pdf

Rainfall & Snow Water quantity

and quality

Remote sensing

Water Data

Modeling Meteorology

Soil water

Point Observations Information Model

Data Source

Network

Sites

Variables

Values

{Value, Time, Metadata}

Utah State Univ

Little Bear River

Little Bear River at Mendon Rd

Dissolved Oxygen

9.78 mg/L, 1 October 2007, 5PM

A data source operates an observation network A network is a set of observation sites A site is a point location where one or more variables are measured A variable is a property describing the flow or quality of water A value is an observation of a variable at a particular time A metadata quantity provides additional information about the value

GetSites

GetSiteInfo

GetVariableInfo

GetValues

Locations

Variable Codes

Date Ranges

WaterML and WaterOneFlow

GetSiteInfo GetVariableInfo GetValues

WaterOneFlow Web Service

Client

Penn State

Utah State NWIS

Data Repositories

Data

Data Data

EXTRACT TRANSFORM LOAD

WaterML

WaterML is an XML language for communicating water data WaterOneFlow is a set of web services based on WaterML

WaterOneFlow Set of query functions Returns data in WaterML

CUAHSI National Water Metadata Catalog Indexes: 50 observation networks 1.75 million sites 8.38 million time series 342 million data values

NWIS STORET

TCEQ

National Water

Metadata

Catalog

Synthesis and communication of the

nations water data http://his.cuahsi.org

Hydroseek WaterML

Government Water Data Academic Water Data

Texas Water Data Services

Using CUAHSI technology for state and local data sources (using state funding)

Linking Geographic Information Systems and

Water Resources

GIS Water Resources

Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources

Arc Hydro An ArcGIS data model

for water resources

Arc Hydro toolset for

implementation

Framework for linking

hydrologic simulation

models

The Arc Hydro data model and

application tools are in the public

domain

Arc Hydro Hydrography The blue lines on maps

Arc Hydro Hydrology The movement of water through the hydrologic system

Integrating Data Inventory using

a Behavioral Model

Relationships between

objects linked by tracing path

of water movement

Flow

Time

Time Series

Hydrography

Hydro Network

Channel System

Drainage System

Arc Hydro Components

Hydrologic Information System

Analysis, Modeling,

Decision Making

Arc Hydro

Geodatabase

A synthesis of geospatial and temporal data supporting hydrologic

analysis and modeling

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1

In-class and distance learning

Geospatial database of hydrologic features

GIS and HIS

Curved earth and a flat map

Origin of Geographic Coordinates

(0,0) Equator

Prime Meridian

Latitude and Longitude

Longitude line (Meridian) N

S

W E

Range: 180W - 0 - 180E

Latitude line (Parallel) N

S

W E

Range: 90S - 0 - 90N (0N, 0E)

Equator, Prime Meridian

Latitude and Longitude

in North America

90 W

Austin:

Logan:

Lincoln:

(3018' 22" N, 9745' 3" W)

(4144' 24" N, 11150' 9" W)

40 50 59 96 45 0

(4050' 59" N, 9645' 0" W)

Map Projection

Curved Earth Geographic coordinates: f, l

(Latitude & Longitude)

Flat Map Cartesian coordinates: x,y

(Easting & Northing)

Earth to Globe to Map

Representative Fraction

Globe distance

Earth distance =

Map Scale: Map Projection:

Scale Factor

Map distance

Globe distance =

(e.g. 1:24,000)

(e.g. 0.9996)

Coordinate Systems

(fo,lo)

(xo,yo)

X

Y

Origin

A planar coordinate system is defined by a pair

of orthogonal (x,y) axes drawn through an origin