lecture 14: sexual behavior a. general behavior
DESCRIPTION
Animal Science 434. Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior. Reproductive Behavior. Very strong drive and can take precedence over other activities Purpose Promote copulation Assure sperm and oocyte meet Goal is to achieve pregnancy and parturition. Stages of Reproductive Behavior. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lecture 14: Sexual Behaviora. General Behavior
Animal Science 434Animal Science 434
![Page 2: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Reproductive Behavior• Very strong drive and can take precedence
over other activities
• Purpose» Promote copulation» Assure sperm and oocyte meet
• Goal is to achieve pregnancy and parturition
![Page 3: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Stages of Reproductive Behavior
• precopulatory
• copulatory
• post copulatory
![Page 4: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Precopulatory Stage
• Search for sexual partner» in female, generally limited to estrus
• increased physical activity• In primates can occur at any time
» in male can occur at any time» involves all of the senses
• sight• smell• hearing• tactile
![Page 5: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Precopulatory Stage (cont.)
• Courtship» species specific events» sniffing of the vulva by male» urination by the female» flemen lip curl» chin resting on female rump» increased phonation» male checks for female lordosis» human
• eye contact, touching, detection of pheremones
![Page 6: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Urination
![Page 7: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Lordosis
![Page 8: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Winking of the Vulva
Winking of the Vulva
![Page 9: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sniffing the Vulva
![Page 10: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Biting To Check For LordosisBiting To Check For Lordosis
![Page 11: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Unresponsive MareUnresponsive Mare
![Page 12: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sniffing the VulvaSniffing the Vulva
![Page 13: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Checking for LordosisChecking for Lordosis
![Page 14: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Human Courtship
Sight, eye contact, touch, pheremones
![Page 15: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Precopulatory Stage (cont.)
• Search for sexual partner
• Courtship
• Sexual arousal» Female
• Lordosis• Presents hindquarters to male
» Male• Erection• Penile protrusion
![Page 16: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Copulatory Behavior
• Mounting
• Intromission
• Ejaculation
![Page 17: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Copulatory Behavior (cont.)
• Varies among species» short copulators (1 - 3 seconds)
• bull• ram
» sustained copulator (5 - 20 minutes)• boar
» intermediate (20 to 60 seconds)• stallion
![Page 18: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Short CopulatorShort Copulator
![Page 19: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Short CopulatorShort Copulator
![Page 20: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Short CopulatorShort Copulator
![Page 21: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Copulatory Behavior (cont.)
• Varies among species» short copulators (1 - 3 seconds)
• bull• ram
» sustained copulator (5 - 20 minutes)• boar
» intermediate (20 to 60 seconds)• stallion
![Page 22: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sustained CopulatorSustained Copulator
![Page 23: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sustained CopulatorSustained Copulator
![Page 24: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Copulatory Behavior (cont.)
• Varies among species» short copulators (1 - 3 seconds)
• bull• ram
» sustained copulator (5 - 20 minutes)• boar
» intermediate (20 to 60 seconds)• stallion
![Page 25: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Intermediate CopulatorIntermediate Copulator
![Page 26: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Postcopulatory Behavior• Male
» Dismounting» Refractory period - all males have this
• time when copulation will not occur• Dependent on:
– Species dependent– sexual rest prior to copulation– age of male– degree of female novelty– number of previous ejaculates
• for semen collection try to minimize» Memory
• a bad experience will carry over
• Female - will often mate again immediately
![Page 27: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Endocrine Effects on Sexual Behavior
• Prenatal steroid exposure» Feminization» Masculinization (defeminization)
• Postnatal Behavior» castrated female
• no steroids - no estrus behavior• plus estradiol - estrus behavior• plus progesterone and estradiol - maximum estrus
behavior• plus testosterone - male-like behavior
![Page 28: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Sexual Behavior (cont.)
• Postnatal Behavior» castrated male
• no steroids - decreased sexual behavior• plus testosterone - sex behavior restored• plus dihydrotestosterone - decreased sex behavior• plus estradiol - sex behavior restored
![Page 29: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Aromatization
Testosterone
Dihydrotestosterone
Estradiolaromatase
![Page 30: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Sexual Behavior (cont.)
• both male and female sexual behavior is dependent on estradiol receptors in brain
![Page 31: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Control of Reproductive Behavior• Sensory systems
» Olfactory, visual, auditory, tactile
• Hypothalamus» Estradiol receptors, increase response to sensory
neurons
• Midbrain» Signals from hypothalamus
» Speeds up nerve impulses
• Medulla» Coordinates lordosis and mounting
• Spinal Chord» Sends signals to specific muscles
![Page 32: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Sensory Inputs for Reproductive Behavior
• specific importance varies with species
• olfaction» pheromone
• volatile substance which elicit specific behavior in the recipient
• males produce– boars
– humans
• females produce during estrus– dogs and rats can sense cow pheromones
• flehmen response
![Page 33: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
VomeronasalOrgan
Vomeronasal Organ
Nasopalatine DuctFluids
Fluids
![Page 34: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Sensory Inputs for Reproductive Behavior (cont.)
• Auditory» cows bellow» sows grunt» good for long-range signaling
• Visual» posturing» males observing other males or females mounting» valuable for close encounters
![Page 37: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Sensory Inputs for Reproductive Behavior (cont.)
• Tactile» biting on neck or whithers of mare» chin resting on cow» boar nudging of sow flank» final stimulus before copulation» leads to erection
![Page 38: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Erection, Emission and Ejaculation
• Erection» Vasodilatation, inhibit vasoconstriction, relax
retractor penis muscle
• Emission» Contraction of cauda epididymis and vas deferens• Oxytocin from posterior pituitary• Sympathetic neurons
» Release of accessory gland fluid• Sympathetic neurons
• Ejaculation» Contraction of smooth and striated muscles
![Page 39: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Homosexual Behavior
• common in farm animals
• useful to detect when females in heat» selection by man may have enhanced this
• can collect bulls off of other bulls as mounts
![Page 40: Lecture 14: Sexual Behavior a. General Behavior](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56815104550346895dbf23c5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)