lecture 16: the russian response to 911, and the chechenya “ terrorism ” 12 th march 2003...
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Lecture 16: The Russian Response to 911, and the Chechenya “Terrorism”
12th March 2003 (Wednesday)
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Announcements on Guest Speakers
Israel Consul General Eli Avidar The Israeli-Palestinian Issue Lecture 19: 19th March 2003 (Wednesda
y) Welcome to sign up for lunch afterwards
Indian Consul Goel The “Mini Cold War” in the Subcontinent Lecture 25: 31st March 2003 (Monday) Welcome to sign up for lunch afterwards
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Session Rearrangement
T1: 10:00-11:00am Room 4333 [s] (permanent) T2A: 11:00-11:50am Room 1403 [k] T2B: 11:00-11:50am Room 2304 [s] (permanent) T3A: 12:00-12:50pm Room 4472 [k] T3B: 12:00-12:50pm Room 3301A [s]
Please indicate whether you need the computer ASAP!!
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Structure of Lecture 16: Introduction to Russia:
From a Superpower to a Normal Power
Chechenya: Why does Russia bother? Russian Response at 911 The Moscow Theatre Terrorist Attack:
A Case to Review the Russian Response: Success or Failure?
Conclusion: Double Standard The Concept of Mutual-Terrorism The Concept of Passively-Concerted Glo
bal Terrorism
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PART IIntroduction to Russia:
From a Superpower to a “Normal Power”
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The Glorious Days of the Czarist Russia
The Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917) Peter the Great (1689-1725)
Complete Westernization Regent Sophia and the Wild Story
Catherine the Great (1762-1796) Largest Country in the World The Everlasting Horse Scandal
Death of Czar Nicholas II (1894-1917) The Myth of Princess Anastasia
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…as a Superpower
October Revolution (1917) Lenin (1917-1924)
Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR, 1918-1991) Joseph Stalin (1924-1953) Cold War: One of the 2
Superpowers (1945-1991) Khrushchev (1954-1964) and
Brezhnev (1964-1982) The “Evil Empire”
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The Soviet Dissolution (1991)
President Mikhail Gorbachev
(1985-1991) Perestroika (Restructuring) Glasnost (Openness)
USSR 15 Independent Countries Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan,
Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
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The Russian Federation:Nostalgia & Internal Turmoil
President Boris Yeltsin (1991-1999)
Economic Downfall Separatist Movements
Chechenya, Tartarstan, Vladivostok…
Crime Rate and International Black Hand Societies
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The Russian Federation:External Bandwagon to USA
Soviet Compromise in the First Gulf War (1990)
NATO Expansion into the Backyard
NATO Vs Yugoslavia: Attack on Russia’s
Last Reliable Ally The Collective Coup
of Eastern Europe
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Mission Impossible ofPresident Putin
President Vladimir Putin (2000- )
The Trauma and Stigma of the Ex-Superpower The Same Syndrome of
Britain Alla Bajanova: “Those Were
the Days”
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PART IIChechenya:
Russia’s Nightmare
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Chechenya: A Brief History
Caucasus People: The “Warlike Tribe”
Catherine the Great (1762-1796):
The “Greek Plan”: to Annex All the Territories from Chechenya to Athens
The 3 Great Disasters of Chechen History
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Chechenya in USSR
1924: The Soviet Annexation
WWII: The Siberian Exodus
1980s: Rise of Separatism and Decentralization
Soviet Dissolution (1991)
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“Chechenya Independence”
1990: Declaration of Independence President Dudayev
Russo-Chechen Wars Wars between an Ex-superpower a
nd a 300-year-old Fighter Capture of Grozny: the Grozny Mas
sacre & the Nanjing Massacre Guerilla Warfare Never Stooped
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PART III Immediate Russian
Response at 911
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“Putin’s Opportunity”
Bridget Kendall: “Putin’s Opportunity.”
“Russo-American Alliance against Terrorism”
(1) Revival of Superpower Status Reminder of its Existence
(2) Targeting against Chechenya American Spiritual Support Dash Humanitarian Opposition Western Comment on the Che
chen Independence Movement: “Inhumane”
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Russian Contribution to the War against Taliban
Band C Member in the Anti-Terror Coalition
Exchange of Intelligence Supply Service on the
Battlefield Promise to Back the Northern
Alliance against the Taliban “Yellow Light” to the 5
Central Asian Republics
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Soviet-Afghanistan War (1979-1988)
Soviet Leader Brezhnev Fall of the Superpower
Share of Soviet Guerilla Experience in Afghanistan with the USA
Convinced the USA that Afghanistan is Very Difficult to be Conquered
The Bush Comment on the Soviet Strategy after December 2002…
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Opportunity Costs
External Opportunity Cost: 5 Central Asian Republics Voluntarily Invite
d the American Presence after 911 Residence of American Army in Afghanistan Russian Privileges in the Iraqi Oil Field
Internal Opportunity Cost: Precedence of American Endorsement in C
hechenya: What if America not approves in the future?
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Cutting the Cost: the Russian Veto?
Franco-German-Russian Alliance “The First Alliance Transcending the Cold War
Ideology” Veto in the United Nations?
Oil Contracts in Iraq? BUT… Terminated by Saddam Hussein before the 2nd
Gulf War International Prestige? BUT…
Comparison with the Internal Russian Pressure during the NATO Intervention on Kosovo Civil War
Just to Cut the Opportunity Cost!
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PART IV The Moscow Theatre Terrorist
Attack (25 Oct 2002) – A Case Study
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Moscow Theatre Terrorist Attack(25th October 2002)
40 Chechen Guerilla Members Raided a Moscow Opera Theatre
700s Hostages Russia Army used Poisonous
Gas 40 Guerilla Members all Died 115 Hostages Died George W Bush:
Praised Putin as “Decisive”
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A Proof of Putin’s Success?
International Rally with Putin After Cold War: The Western World use
d Chechenya to criticize the Russian Human Rights
Same as Criticizing the Chinese Human Rights
Gone
American Denunciation of Chechenya After WWII: Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA) supported Chechenya secretly Gone
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A Proof of Putin’s Failure?
Continuation of American Expansion into the Central Asian “Backyard” of Russia
Offer of American Help in the Trivial Internal Issue: What if the American troops “h
elped” Russia by stationing at Moscow?
Irony to a Ex-superpower Back to the USSR?!
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Assigned Readings
Bridget Kendall: “Putin’s Opportunity.” The Day That Shock the World: Understanding
September 11th. Ed. Jenny Baxter and Malcolm Downing. London: BBC, 2001. P.159-174.
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Supplementary Text
Russell, John. “Options for Chechenya in the Post-September 11 World.”
PSA Specialist Group on Communist and Post-Communist Politics, Annual Conference. June 2002. (on Class Webpage)
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PART V: Conclusion – The Double Standard,
Mutual-Terrorism & Passively Concerted Global Terrorism
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Pre-911 Definition of the Chechenya War in the West
“Russian Suppression of Ethnic Determination”
“Ethnic Determination”: Every Ethnic Group has the Right to Decide
upon their own Future, including to Declare Complete Independence
A Democratic Concept A Universal Concept
Russia Vs Ethnic Determination, by Brutal Means Russia: Still a Totalitarian State
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Post-911 Definition of the Chechenya War in the West
Ethnic Determination: Less important than Counter-terrorism
USA Embraced the Previously Denounced States From Allied with Countries with “Good”
Human Rights Record To Allied with Countries with “Bad”
Human Rights Record Russia, Uzbekistan, Romania,
Pakistan…
“Chechen Terrorist Attack on Russia”
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Bush’s Argument for his Double Standard
Bush’s Logic: Terrorism is a Concerted Effort under a Secret Mastermind East Turkestan, Chechenya, Al Qaeda, Saddam Hussein American’s Diplomatic Revolution to Search for New Allies
Different Terrorisms are Really Under the Same Mastermind? James Bond: Dr. X Austin Powers: Dr. Evil
America’s Cold War Tactic Reconsidered: To Exaggerate the Capability of Your Enemy In order to Facilitate Your Own Expansion
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Concept of “Mutual-Terrorism”
The Chechen Terrorist Attack at Moscow Considered as “Terrorism” by th
e Russia People The Russia Suppression of C
hechenya Independence, and the Destruction of Grozny Considered as “State Terrorism”
by the Chechen People If you have to take side, what
would you choose? Bush: Side with the Stronger On
e!
VS
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The Passively Concerted Global Terrorism
Separated “t”errorisms Before 911 and the US Counter-terrorism
Concerted “T”errorism after 911 and the US Counter-terrorism
Bush’s Daily Question: Is Counter-terrorism really successf
ul? Is the world safer today after the Co
unter-terrorist Campaign? Obvious Answers, Doubtful Reason
s
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~~The End~~
Thank you for attending