lecture 17 review for exam 2. chapters covered chapter title lecture 8time and geology10 9mass...
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Lecture 17
Review for Exam 2
Chapters Covered
Chapter Title Lecture 8 Time and Geology 10 9 Mass Wasting 1110 Streams and Floods 1211 Ground Water 1312 Glaciers and Glaciation 1413 Deserts and Wind Action 1514 Waves, Beaches, and Coasts 16
Time and GeologyConcepts
Deep TimeRelative Time
Absolute Time
Principles of Relative TimeTypes of UnconformityMethods of CorrelationStandard Geologic Time Scale
DivisionsMeanings of Era NamesWhen do we live?
IsotopesRadioactive Decay
TypesImportant Decay SystemsIsotopic Dating
PrinciplesUses
Time and GeologyHelpful Figures and Tables
Textbook
Lab Manual
Figures 8.1-8.11 Geologic History of Minor CanyonFigure 8.12 Age relationships indicated by contact metamorphism ...Figure 8.20 Use of fossil assemblagesFigure 8.22 Three modes of radioactive decayTable 8.3 Radioactive Isotopes Commonly Used for DatingFigure 8.27 Deep Time thought experiment
Figure 8.1 Three common types of unconformityFigures 8.2 - 8.12 Examples of use of relative dating principlesFigure 8.16 Radioactive Decay, Decay parameters of useful Isotopes
Lecture Slides
Time and GeologyTerms to Know
angular unconformityconformitycontactcross-cutting relationshipdaughter isotopedisconformityformationhalf-lifeinclusion
isotopelateral continuitynonconformityoriginal horizontalityparent isotoperadiometric datingsuperpositionuniformitarianism
Mass WastingConcepts
Classification of Mass WastingControlling Factors on Mass WastingTypes of Mass Wasting
Mass WastingHelpful Figures and Tables
TextbookTable 9.1 Types of Mass WastingFigure 9.1Flow, Slide, and FallTable 9.2 Summary of Controls of Mass WastingFigure 9.4 Indicators of CreepFigure 9.7 EarthflowFigure 9.10 SolifluctionFigure 9.14 Two examples of rockfallFigure 9.18 A hillside becomes vulnerable to mass wasting due to ...Figure 9.19 Use of drains to prevent mass wastingFigure 9.20 Safe and Unsafe roadcuts
Lab ManualLecture Slides
Mass WastingTerms to Know
angle of reposecreepdebrisdebris avalanchedebris falldebris flowdebris slideearthflowfallflowlandslidemass wasting
mudflowrock avalancherock fallrocksliderotational slideshear forceshear strengthslidesolifluctiontalustranslational slide
Streams and FloodsConcepts
The Hydrologic CycleDrainage
RunoffDrainage BasinsStream OrderDrainage PatternsStream Valley Development
Controls on Stream FunctionErosion and Erosional FeaturesTransportationDepositional Landforms
Stream Function
Streams and FloodsHelpful Figures and Tables
TextbookFigure 10.1 The Hydrologic CycleFigure 10.2 Longitudinal and cross sections of a typical streamFigure 10.4 Drainage basin of the MississippiFigure 10.5 Drainage patterns and underlying rockFigure 10.6 Regions of maximum velocity in a streamFigure 10.7 Hjulstrom's DiagramFigure 10.8 Channel shape and roughness influence stream velocityFigure 10.9 Channel width variations caused by rock type and ...Figure 10.14 Stream bed load and suspended loadFigure 10.27 Natural levee deposition during a floodFigure 10.30 Shape of delta and sediment supplyFigure 10.31 Alluvial FanFigure 10.40 Base level is the lowest level of downcuttingFigure 10.41 Ungraded and Graded streamsFigure 10.42 Lateral ErosionFigure 10.45 Development of Stream TerracesFigure 10.47 Incised MeandersFigure 10.48 Development of a Superposed Stream
Streams and FloodsHelpful Figures and Tables
Lab ManualFigure 11.1 General features of stream drainage basins, streams, and ...Figure 11.2 Stream drainage patternsFigure 11.10 map of the Rio Grande in 1992
Lecture
Streams and FloodsHelpful Figures and Tables
Streams and FloodsHelpful Figures and Tables
Streams and FloodsTerms to Know
alluvial fanbarbase levelbed loadbraided streamcapacitychannel flowcompetencedeltadendritic patterndischargedissolved loaddistributarydividedowncuttingdrainage basin
drainage patterndrainage systemflood plainfluvial landformgraded streamhydrologic cycleincised meanderlateral erosionmeandermeander cutoffnatural leveeoxbow lakepoint barradial patternrectangular patternsaltation
sheet flowstreamstream channelstream gradientstream orderstream terracetrellis patterntributary
Ground WaterConcepts
The Water TableMovement of Ground Water
Hydraulic Head, Gradient, and Darcy's LawGround Water VelocityDarcy's LawSprings and Streams
Aquifers and WellsEffects of Ground WaterGround Water Contamination
Ground WaterHelpful Figures and Tables
TextbookPage 259 World Distribution of WaterTable 11.1 Porosity and Permeability of Sediments and RocksFigure 11.2 Perched water tableBox 11.1 - Figure 1 Hydraulic HeadBox 11.1 - Figure 2 Ground Water FlowFigure 11.3 Movement of Ground Water below a sloping water tableFigure 11.4 Good wells and bad wellsFigure 11.6 Confined and Unconfined aquifers; Ground water flowFigure 11.7 Seasonal variations in unconfined aquifersFigure 11.8 Pumping well and cone of depressionFigure 11.12 Formation of springsFigure 11.13 Gaining and losing streamsFigure 11.15 Map view of contaminant plumeFigure 11.17 Rock type and distance control contamination of ...Figure 11.18 Ground water problems caused/aggravated by wellsFigure 11.23 Karst topography
Lab ManualLecture Slides
Ground WaterHelpful Figures and Tables
Ground WaterTerms to Know
aquiferartesian wellcavecone of depressionconfined aquiferdischarge zonedrawdowngaining streamground waterhydraulic gradienthydraulic headlosing streamperched water table
permeabilityporosityrechargerecharge area (zone)saturated zonesinkholespringunconfined aquifervadose zonewater tablewell
Glaciers and GlaciationConcepts
Distribution of GlaciersTypes of GlaciersFormation and Growth of Glaciers
Evolution of Snow to IceGlacial MovementErosional Glacial LandformsDepositional Glacial LandformsGlacial Water BodiesPast Glaciation
Glaciers and GlaciationHelpful Figures and Tables
TextbookFigure 12.3 Cross section of ice sheetFigure 12.4 Conversion of snow to glacier iceFigure 12.6 A valley glacier as it would appear at end of melt seasonFigure 12.8 Movement of a glacierFigure 12.9 CrevassesFigure 12.12 Plucking and AbrasionFigure 12.14 Landscape evolutionFigure 12.25 Moraines associated with valley glaciersFigure 12.28 Depositional features in front of a receding ice sheetFigure 12.33 Maximum glaciation during Pleistocene Ice Age
Lab ManualFigure 13.1 Active mountain glaciation in a hypothetical regionFigure 13.2 Erosional features remain after total ablationFigure 13.3 Erosional features produced by mountain or continental ...Figure 13.4 Depositional features produced by mountain or ...Figure 13.5 Water bodies of glaciated regionsFigure 13.6 Continental glaciation produces these characteristic ... Figure 13.7 Continental glaciation leaves behind these characteristic ...
Lecture Slides
Glaciers and GlaciationTerms to Know
ablationabrasionadvancing glacieralpine glaciationaretebasal slidingcirquecontinental glaciationcrevassedrumlinend (terminal) moraineequilibrium lineerraticeskerfinger lakefirnglacier
ground morainehanging valleyheadhornicebergice capice sheetkamekettlelateral moraineloessmarginal lakemedial morainemoraineoutwashpaternoster lakeplucking
receding glacierrock flourtarnterminustheory of glacial agestillvalley glacierzone of ablationzone of accumulation
Deserts and Wind ActionConcepts
DesertsCharacteristicsDistribution
Wind Action
Atmospheric CirculationRain ShadowCool Ocean CurrentsDistance From Ocean
CharacteristicsDistribution
Desert Landforms
ErosionTransportationDeposition
Glaciers and GlaciationHelpful Figures and Tables
TextbookFigure 13.3 World distribution of nonpolar desertsFigure 13.4 Rain shadowFigure 13.7 Characteristic landforms of the Colorado PlateauFigure 13.8 Monoclines, hogbacks and cuestasFigure 13.10 Two possible geometries of faults that control the ...Figure 13.11 Development of landforms associated with Basin and ...Figure 13.17 BlowoutsFigure 13.22 Sand dune formation and movement
Lab ManualFigure 14.1 Eolian erosion, transport, and depositionFigure 14.3 Common types of sand dunesFigure 14.7 Typical landforms of arid mountainous deserts in regions ...
Lecture Slides
Deserts and Wind ActionTerms to Know
bajadabarchanblowoutbuttedeflationdesertflash floodgravel pavementHadley Cellloesslongitudinal dunemesa
parabolic dunepedimentplateauplayaplaya lakerain shadowsand duneslip facetransverse duneventifact
Waves, Beaches, and CoastsConcepts
Waves
Nearshore Circulation
TypesEvolutionMotionPropertiesBreakers
Wave RefractionLongshore CurrentsRip Currents
The BeachCoastal Sediment BudgetNearshore Sediment Dynamics
LandformsHuman Interference
Coastal Types and Landforms
Waves, Beaches, and CoastsHelpful Figures and Tables
TextbookFigure 14.3 Orbital motion of water wavesFigure 14.4 Deep water wave begins to "feel" the bottomFigure 14.5 Wave refractionFigure 14.6 Rip currentsFigure 14.8 Seasonal cycle of a beach Figure 14.9 Longshore drift of sandFigure 14.11 Formation of a tomboloFigure 14.12 Man-made coastal structuresFigure 14.13 Wave refraction on an irregular coastFigure 14.14 Coastal straightening
Lab ManualFigure 15.1 Emergent coastline featuresFigure 15.2 Submergent coastline featuresFigure 15.3 Coastal structures
Lecture Slides
Waves, Beaches, and CoastsTerms to Know
barrier islandbaymouth barbeachbeach facebermbreakercoastcoastal straighteningcrestestuaryfetchfjordgroinheadlandjettylongshore currentlongshore drift
marine terraceoverwash fanplunging wavesprimary coastrip currentrip current feederrip current headrip current neckripplesea archsea cliffsecondary coastspilling wavesspitstacksurfsurging waves
swashswelltombolotrough (of wave)wavewave-cut platformwave amplitudewave basewave frequencywave heightwave lengthwave periodwave refractionwave train