lecture 19.1a- acid/base properties
DESCRIPTION
Section 19.1 lecture (part A) for Honors & Prep ChemistryTRANSCRIPT
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Lecture 19.1a-Properties of Acids and Bases
Acids taste sour, will change the color ofan acid-base indicator, and can bestrong or weak electrolytes in aqueoussolution.
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Citrus fruits contain citric acid.
Tea contains tannic acid.
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Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, willchange the color of an acid-baseindicator, and can be strong or weakelectrolytes in aqueous solution.
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Antacids use bases to neutralizeexcess stomach acid.
The base calcium hydroxide is acomponent of mortar.
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The Arrhenius definition ofACIDS AND BASES
Acids dissociate to produce H+
HCl H+ + Cl-
Bases dissociate to produce OH-
NaOH Na+ + OH-
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H+ and H3O+ mean the same thing
HCl H+ + Cl-
Or
HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-
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H+ is a protonAcids form H+ which attaches towater forming the hydronium ion
H+ + H2O H3O+ hydronium ion
H+ and H3O+ mean the same thing
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Acidic hydrogens are written firstin the chemical formula.
HNO3 = monoprotic acid
H2SO4 = diprotic acid
H3PO4 = triprotic acid
HC2H3O2 = monoprotic
protic aka proton
An acidic hydrogen can dissociatefrom the acid as H+.
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Acetic acid
Stomach acid
Battery acid
In soda pop
Vinegar
Makes bubblesin carbonatedbeverages
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Arrhenius Bases
Hydroxide ions are one of the products of thedissolution of an alkali metal in water.
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Milk of magnesia is a base usedas an antacid.
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When acids and bases are mixed theyreact to form water in a
Neutralization reaction
NaOH + HCl H2O + NaCl(aq)
An acid/base reaction always forms water and an aqueous salt
The net ionic equation for anacid/base reaction is
H+ + OH- H2O
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PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND BASES ACIDS BASES Produce H+ Produce OH-
pH below 7 pH above 7 Sour taste Bitter taste H+ + some metals = H2(g) Slippery feel Litmus paper red Litmus paper blue React with base to React with acid to form water and salt form water & salt
BOTH ACIDS AND BASES ARE ELECTROLYTES