lecture 23 second order system step response governing equation mathematical expression for step...
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Lecture 23•Second order system step response
• Governing equation• Mathematical expression for step response• Estimating step response directly from
differential equation coefficients• Examples
•Related educational modules: – Section 2.5.5
Second order system step response
• Governing equation in “standard” form:
• Initial conditions:
• We will assume that the system is initially “relaxed”
Second order system step response – continued
• We will concentrate on the underdamped response:
• Looks like the natural response superimposed with a step function
tsintcose
A)t(y dd
t
n
n
22
11
Step response parameters
• We would like to get an approximate, but quantitative estimate of the step response, without explicitly determining y(t)• Several step response parameters are directly related to
the coefficients of the governing differential equation
• These relationships can also be used to estimate the differential equation from a measured step response• Model parameter estimation
Steady-state response• Input-output equation:
• As t, circuit parameters become constant so:
• Circuit DC gain:
Rise time
• Rise time is the time required for the response to get from 10% to 90% of yss
• Rise time is closely related to the natural frequency:
Maximum overshoot, MP
• MP is a measure of the maximum response value
• MP is often expressed as a percentage of yss and is related directly to the damping ratio:
Maximum overshoot – continued
• For small values of damping ratio, it is often convenient to approximate the previous relationship as:
• In previous slide, outline overall approach:– Need MP, and steady-state value– Need damping ratio to get MP– Need natural frequency to get damping ratio– Need to determine differential equation
Example 2
• Determine the differential equation governing iL(t) and the initial conditions iL(0+) and vc(0+)
Example 3 – model parameter estimation
The differential equation governing a system is known to be of the form:
When a 10V step input is applied to the system, the response is as shown. Estimate the differential equation governing the system.
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.40
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-3
Example 3 – find tr, MP, yss from plot
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.40
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-3