lecture 28 leptospira
TRANSCRIPT
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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيمبسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
LEPTOSPIRAProf. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
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Actively motile spiral bacteria, appear straight and rigid with one or both ends hooked
Obligate aerobes, Optimum temp. > 28-32oC Many types are harmless, others cause
disease in warm-blooded animals (including domestic) and man (leptospirosis)
Pathogenic leptospires found in kidneys of rodents and other small mammals– Excreted in their urine
2 species– L. interrogans >> Parasitic strains– L. biflexa >> Free-saprophytic strains
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Leptospira species
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Leptospira species
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Leptospira interrogans Require addition of serum for growth Slow growth requires 2-3 weeks
incubation in liquid media Can cause
– Benign leptospirosis with mild influenza-like illness (Canicola fever)
– Severe form of illness characterized by jaundice and haemorrhages in the eyes, skin and mucous membranes (Weil’s disease) Sometimes fatal Usually due to serovar icterohaemorrhagiae
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LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
Specimen– Blood > after 5-12 days incubation >
leptospiraemia for 7 days– Urine deposit > leptospires after 2nd week of
illness for 4-6 weeks (intermittently) Microscopy
– Dark-ground microscopy Culture:
– Blood > Liquid medium– Urine sediment > Semisolid medium
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Serological Examination– Specific Abs in patients serum > end of 1st
week– Continue to rise for several weeks and then
decline– Serum examined early day of illness and at
intervals of 4-5 days thereafter– Rise in Ab titre is indication of current
infection– Tests used
Complement fixation and Haemagglutination tests, ELISA and Microscopic agglutination test
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Leptospira bacteria in liver impression smear (FA stain) of a Patient died of
leptospirosis.
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Histopathology of leptospirosis, kidney (Dieterle silver stain)
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Photomicrograph of leptospiral microscopic agglutination test with live antigen using
darkfield microscopy technique.
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TREATMENT AND CONTROL
Benzylpenicillin (IV) in large doses (3.6-4.8g) > daily for 7 days
Alternatives:– Erythromycin, Streptomycin
Control: