lecture 7 - websites.rcc.eduwebsites.rcc.edu/halama/files/2020/03/health...1 lecture 7 heart and...
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Lecture 7Heart and Circulatory
System
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Lecture 7
1. Introduction
2. Blood
3. Blood Vessels & Blood Pressure
4. The Heart
5. Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System
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Circulatory System Function1. Transport System (gases, nutrients, hormones)
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Circulatory System Function2. Heat Distribution System
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Circulatory System Function
3. Heals wounds and fight off diseases
Homeostasis
Maintenance of a relatively constant internal
state under a much wider range of
environmental conditions.
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Blood
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Blood• The red fluid that circulates in our blood
vessels
• Primary Function -Transports Oxygen and
CO2 (waste)
• Main player in the body’s defense against
infection
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Hemopoietic Tissues
• Hemopoiesis – blood formation
• Bone Marrow, Spleen, Liver, and Kidneys
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BloodTwo main components to blood:
1. Blood Plasma
2. Blood Cells (Cellular Component)
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Blood Plasma
• Fluid component of the blood
• Makes up 55% to 60% of total blood volume
• About 92% is water (almost identical to sea
water)
• Other 8% is blood proteins and trace
materials
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Red Blood Cells
(Erythrocytes)95% of cellular component
Blood Cells
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Red Blood Cells
(Erythrocytes)
Hemoglobin MoleculesAbout 250 million /cell
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Red Blood Cells
(Erythrocytes)
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White Blood Cells
(Leucocytes)4% of cellular component
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White Blood Cells
(Leucocytes)4% of cellular component
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Platelets
(Thrombocytes)Less than 1% of “cellular component”
Not Cells!
Blood Types• Although all blood is made of the same plasma and
cells, not all blood is alike.
• Four major common blood types:
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Blood Types• Blood Type – “Antigens” on the surface of the red
blood cells. A antigens, B antigens
Blood Types
• Blood Type A – A antigens
• Blood Type B – B antigens
• Blood Type AB – both A and B antigens
• Blood Type O – NO antigens
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Blood Types• Antigens can trigger a patient's immune system to
attack transfused blood
ABO Blood Group System
Type O is the universal donor
Cannot receive A, B or AB blood
Type AB is the universal recipient
Type A can only receive
Type A and Type O
Type B can only receive
Type B and Type O
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Rh Factor
• In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third
antigen called the Rh factor,
• Rh can be either present (+) or absent ( – )
• In general, Rh negative blood is given to Rh-
negative patients, and
• Rh positive blood or Rh negative blood may be
given to Rh positive patients.
Rh Factor
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Rh Factor
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The approximate distribution of blood types in the U.S. population
(distribution is different for specific racial and ethnic groups):
Blood Types
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Circulatory System Structure
Veins and Arteries
• Vein – a blood vessel that carries blood
toward (i.e. Back to) the heart
• Artery – a blood vessel that carries blood
away from the heart to the capillary
networks
• Capillary – site of exchange
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Blood Vessel Types
Arterial Portion
• Heart
• Artery
• Arteriole
• Capillary
Venous Portion
• Capillary
• Venule
• Vein
• Heart
About 70 % of the blood volume is found within the Venous portion
Aorta Vena Cava
Arterioles Venules
Capillaries
Blood Vessels
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Venous Valves
What is Blood Pressure?
Systolic
Pressure
Diastolic
Pressure
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Arteries Arteriole Capillary Venules Veins
Systolic
Diastolic
Blood Pressure VariationB
loo
d P
ressu
re (
mm
Hg
)
Measuring Blood Pressure
Sphygmomanometer
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Blood Pressure