lecture 7 rocky intertidal. relative tide levels
TRANSCRIPT
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Lecture 7 ROCKY INTERTIDAL
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RELATIVE TIDE LEVELS
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RELATIVE TIDE LEVELS
-EFFECT OF SLOPE
MHWS
MHWN
MTL
MLWN
MLWS
ZONES CAN BE SEVERAL TENS OF METRESWIDE
ZONES CAN BE LESS THANA METRE WIDE
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RELATIVE TIDE LEVELS
-EFFECT OF SLOPE
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Slope and Substrate
SSlope
Substrate Size Wave Action
If you know any two factors, you can determine the third.
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Slope and Substrate
Steep slope
Strong wave action
Coarse substrate
Water drains at low tide
Gradual slope
Weak wave actionFine substrate
Water retained at low tide
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Slope and Substrate
Decreasing sediment size
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Slope and Substrate
High wave/ steep slope
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Slope and Substrate
Low wave/ gentle slope
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
EHWS
ELWSInfralittoral
Upper limit - Laminaria
Mytilus
Ascophyllum
Barnacles
Upper limit - Barnacles
Upper limit - Littorina
Infralittoral fringe
Midlittoral
Supralittoral fringe
Supralittoral
After Stephenson & Stephenson (1949)
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
a. Supralittoral Zone
Xanthoria
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
b. Supralittoral Fringe
Calothrix
Verrucaria
Littorina
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
b. Supralittoral Fringe
Bottom of zone
Fucus spiralis Semibalanus balanoides
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
c. Midlittoral
- begins at upper limit of barnacles
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
c. Midlittoral
4 dominant species
Semibalanusbalanoides-northern rock barnacle
Ascophyllum nodosum - knotted wrack
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
c. Midlittoral
4 dominant species
Mytilus edulis-blue mussel
Fucus vesiculosus- bladder wrack
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
c. Midlittoral
Other common species
Acmaea-limpet
Littorina littorea-periwinkle
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
c. Midlittoral
Other common species
Thais-whelk
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
c. Midlittoral
On stalks of Ascophyllum
Sertularia
Flustrellidra
Polysiphonia
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
c. Midlittoral
Lower midlittoral
Porphyra
Palmaria
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
d. Infralittoral
Laminaria- kelp
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
d. Infralittoral
Strongylocentrotusdroebachiensis
Ulva
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Stephenson and Stephenson Classification of Rocky Intertidal Shores
d. Infralittoral
Asterias vulgaris
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Critical Tide Levels
(Doty, 1946. Ecology 27: 315-328 )
Length of maximum submergence
Tide level
Critical tide levels
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(Doty, 1946. Ecology 27: 315-328 )
Doty – Algal distributions
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Druehl & Green, 1982. Mar.Ecol. Prog Ser. 9: 163
More realistic data on submergence
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Druehl & Green, 1982. Mar.Ecol. Prog Ser. 9: 163
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Next time
Intertidal Zonation – Physical Factors