lecture 8-sustainability of palm oil
TRANSCRIPT
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SUSTAINABILITY OF PALM OIL
SALMIAH AHMAD, NIK AZIZAN, ROSIDAHRADZIAN AND M.BASRI WAHID
Malaysian Palm Oil Board
3 NOVEMBER 2009PRINCE HOTEL, KUALA LUMPUR
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Presentation Outline• Snapshot of Oil Palm Industry
• Malaysian Perspective on Sustainability –3P’s
• Sustainable Practices Adoptedby the Malaysian Palm Oil Industry
• Current and New Initiativeswithin the Industry
• Conclusion
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Countries Production Export
2007 2008 2007 2008
Indonesia 17,270 19,200 13,747 14,612
Malaysia 15,823 17,735 12,650 15,413
Thailand 1,020 1,120 289 373
PNG 384 400 368 446
Nigeria 835 830 - -
Colombia 732 778 316 310
Ecuador 396 418 172 171
Total Palm Oil* 38,673 43,097 29,876 33,753
Total Oils/Fats 153,996 160,366 58,123 60,651
Global Production and Export of Palm Oil(000 tonnes)
* Include other producers and exporters
Source: Oil World & MPOB
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Country 2008 2009F
Malaysia* 15,413 15,700
Indonesia* 14,612 15,500
Thailand* 373 190
PNG 446 400
Colombia 310 200
Ecuador 171 166
Total (inc. othercountries)
33,753 34,588
* South East Asia
Source: Oil World Statistics – Update September 18, 2009
45.39 %
44.81 %
0.55 %
90.75 %
Major Exporters of Palm Oil (000 tonnes)
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14.96 15.82
17.73
0.43
2.57
10.84
6.10
13.35
0
5
10
15
20
25
1970 1980 1990 2000 2003 2005 2007 2008
Year
M i l l i o n t o n n e s
Forecast (in million tonnes)• Y2010 19.5• Y2013 20.5• Y2015 21.5
CPO Production for Malaysia(million tonnes)
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Importance of Palm Oil
• Oils/Fats is one of the humanbasic nutrients needs(Carbohydrate, Protein and Fats)
• Palm oil is an important sourceof oils/fats for the world.
•Palm oil is consumed in morethan 150 countries in the world
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Presentation Outline
•Malaysian Perspective on
Sustainability –3P’s
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Malaysian Oil Palm andSustainability…
Striking Balance betweenSocial responsibility,
Environmental health andEconomic profitability
People
Planet Profit
Brundtland’s Commission (1987) “Sustainable
development seeks to meet the needs of the
present generation without compromising the
ability to meet the needs of those of the future”
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People
9
The oil palm industry : a major sourceof employment• Eradicated poverty
• Narrowed income gap
between town&rural folk• Created rural townships -
workers reside & enjoy goodquality of life
• Contributed to social security
& peace and• Reduced migration of labour
force from rural areas
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People
Total Hectarage: 4.48 mil hectares (2008)
FELDA16%
Private Estate60%
RISDA
2%FELCRA4%
State Schemes7%
Smallholders11%
Private Estate FELDA FELCRA RISDA State Schemes Smallholders
MALAYSIASmallholder Farms: ~40% of Oil Palm hectarage
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11
In the 60s, giving land to landless, increasing
income levels, eradicating poverty anddiversification were the main concerns
Year Felda settler’sIncome
National PovertyLine
2006 RM 1,356 ~ US$ 377 RM 526 ~ US$ 146
2007 RM 2,221 ~ US$ 617 RM 817 ~ US$ 227
2008 RM 3,278 ~ US$ 911 RM 856 ~ US$ 238
People
112,000 settlers and 850,000 hectare of oil palm
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People
12
Oil Palm Plantations in Malaysia :Source of Employment
Year Area (ha) People Employed(person)
1980 1,203,306 92,352
1990 2,029,464 115,285
2000 3,376,664 251,039
2007 4,304,913 420,000
2008 4,480,000 500,000
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People
13
Generator of better quality of life
Good housing and amenities for oil palm workers/farmers
Source : United Plantations Berhad
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People
14
Nutritional Attributes of Palm Oil• Major saturated fatty acid in palm oil is palmatic acid
which is neutral like oleic acid (mono) with adequatelinoleic acid (poly) in the diet
•
Fatty acid composition – replacement for trans fattyacid
• Variety of carotenoids (Vit-A)
• Presence of tocotrienols (Vit-E)
Red palm oil is on the trailagainst Vitamin A deficiency inSouth Africa – Red Palm OilMuffin Program
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Planet
The Regulatory FrameworkLand Matters:• National Land Code 1965
• Land Acqu isi t ion Act 1960
Environmental Matters:
• Environm ental LandConservat ion Act 1960 revisedin 1989
• Quali ty Act 1974(Env ironmental Quali ty)(Prescrib ed Premis es) (CrudePalm Oil) Regulat ion 1977
•Enviro nm ental Quali ty (CleanAir) Regulat ion 1978
• Environm ental Qual i ty(Prescrib ed Activi t ies)(Environm ental ImpactAs sessm ent) Order 1987
Wildlife Matters:
• Protect ion of Wild l i fe Act
1972
Labour and Employees Matters:
• Labor Law
• Workers’ Minimum Standard
of Hous ing & Am enit ies A ct 1990
• Occup at ional Safety &Health Act 1977
• Factor ies & Machinery(Noise Expo su re)Regulat ion s 1989
Pesticide Use:
• Pesticides Act 1974(Pesticides Regis trat ion)Rules 1988
• Pest ic ides (Licensing forsale & s torage) Rules 1988
• Pesticides (Label ing)Regulation s 1984
l l d l l l
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0.26
1.02
1.48
1.98
2.54
3.38 3.53.79
4.05 4.17 4.3
4.48
3.88
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 9 7 0
1 9 8 0
1 9 8 5
1 9 9 0
1 9 9 5
2 0 0 0
2 0 0 1
2 0 0 3
2 0 0 4
2 0 0 5
2 0 0 6
2 0 0 7
2 0 0 8
Year
M i l l i o n H
e c t a r e s
Source: Malaysian Palm Oil Board
Total Agricultural Land: 7.9 mil haOil Palm: 4.48 mil ha ~ 56.7 % Agricultural Land
Total Planted Area of Oil Palm in Malaysia(million hectares)
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Planet
Country % Forest
Area
Total Forest
Area (mil. ha)
Total Land
Area (mil. ha)
France 28.3 15.55 55.01
Sweden 66.9 27.53 41.16
Germany 31.7 11.08 34.9Malaysia 63.6 20.89 32.86
UK 11.8 2.85 24.09
Brazil 57.2 477.7 835.56
Argentina 12.1 33.02 273.67
USA 33.1 303.09 915.89
Denmark 11.6 0.5 4.31
T l Pl d A f Oil P l i M l i
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 9 7 0
1 9 8 0
1 9 8 5
1 9 9 0
1 9 9 5
2 0 0 0
2 0 0 1
2 0 0 3
2 0 0 4
2 0 0 5
2 0 0 6
2 0 0 7
2 0 0 8
Year
M i l l i o n H
e c t a r e s
Total Planted Area of Oil Palm in Malaysia(million hectares)
Government stoppednew forest land being
opened up for crops,
including oil palm.
Land use change
Land Development/Settlement and conservation Programs are
delicately balanced
1.98
4.48
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Planet
19
Conversion of lower productivity crops to high yielding
oil palm
YearPalm Oil
(million ha)
Rubber
(million ha)
Cocoa
(million ha)
Coconut
(million ha)
Total
(million ha)
1990 2.029 1.836 0.393 0.314 4.572
2000 3.377 1.431 0.076 0.159 5.043
2002 3.670 1.348 0.051 0.155 5.224
2004 3.880 1.282 0.044 0.147 5.353
2005 4.051 1.250 0.033 0.144 5.478
2006 4.165 1.225 0.033 0.142 5.565
2007 4.305 1.248 0.028 0.117 5.698
2008 4.480 1.247 0.021 0.115 5.863
CPO P d ti f M l i
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14.96 15.82
17.73
0.43
2.57
10.84
6.10
13.35
0
5
10
15
20
25
1970 1980 1990 2000 2003 2005 2007 2008
Year
M
i l l i o n t o n n e s
Forecast (in million tonnes)• Y2010 19.5• Y2013 20.5• Y2015 21.5
CPO Production for Malaysia(million tonnes)
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Planet
21
PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT
Year
Palm Oil
(million
ha)
CPOProduction
(milliontonnes)
YIELD/HA
1990 2.029 6.10 3.002008 4.480 17.73 3.95
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PRODUCTIVITY PALM VS OTHER OILS
0.38 0.48
0.68
4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Soybean Sunflower Rapeseed Palm Oil
Oil Tonne/Hectare/Year
Source: Soybean, sunflower and rapeseed from Oil World
Palm oil from MPOB
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Planet
23
Oil PalmThe most productive oil crop
CPO Yield( tonnes/hectare/year)
Biological Potential of Oil Palm 18
National Average for Malaysia 4
Best Managed Oil Palm Plantation 8New Varieties of Oil Palm 10
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Planet
24
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 3 5 7 9 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 3 2 5 2 7 2 9 3 1 3 3 3 5 3 7 3 9
Tonne fresh bunches/Ha/Yr
Age (year after planting) of palms
Non-productive PeriodPalm too tall – difficult toharvestOld palms replant
Oil palm plantation –perennial crop – 25 years
of productive cycle
New variety : greater yield
slower growth
MALAYSIAN PRODUCTION OF PALM
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25
-
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
20,000,000
1
9 7 5
1
9 7 6
1
9 7 7
1
9 7 8
1
9 7 9
1
9 8 0
1
9 8 1
1
9 8 2
1
9 8 3
1
9 8 4
1
9 8 5
1
9 8 6
1
9 8 7
1
9 8 8
1
9 8 9
1
9 9 0
1
9 9 1
1
9 9 2
1
9 9 3
1
9 9 4
1
9 9 5
1
9 9 6
1
9 9 7
1
9 9 8
1
9 9 9
2
0 0 0
2
0 0 1
2
0 0 2
2
0 0 3
2
0 0 4
2
0 0 5
2
0 0 6
2
0 0 7
2
0 0 8
Crude Palm Oil Crude Palm Kernel Oil
MALAYSIAN PRODUCTION OF PALM
OIL & PALM KERNEL OIL (in tonnes)
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26
DIFFERENT SECTORS OF PALM OIL PROCESSING
CPO AND CPKO
TRANSESTERIFICATION REFINING
CRUDE ME REFINED, BLEACHED &
DEODORIZED PO OR PKO
DISTILLATION FRACTIONATION
CRUDE
VITAMIN
DISTILLED
ME
RBD POLEIN &
RBD PKO
STEARIN
RBD P STEARIN &
RBD PKO OLEIN
FOOD USES TRANSESTERIFICATION
DISTILLATION
FATTY CIDS
FATTY ALCOHOLS
GLYCERIN
CRUDE &
DISTILLED
ME
PFAD
PKFAD
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SOME ADVANTAGES OF PLANT
DERIVED PRODUCTS
Plant derived products –
linear structure – easily
biodegradable
Acceptable to all religions
Good cost performanceratio (less sensitive to
water hardness)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
4 9 12 16 20 24 28
LAS MES
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
C12 C14 C16 C18 LAS AS
54ppm 270ppm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
C12 C14 C16 C18 LAS AS
C12 C14 C16 C18 LAS AS
Good biodegradation characteristics
Performances vary dependingon chain lengths More tolerance to water hardness
LCA OF PALM PRODUCTS PRODUCTION
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LCA OF PALM PRODUCTS PRODUCTION
Upstream
Midstream
Downstream
Palm Seedling
Oil Palm (immature)
Oil Palm (mature)
Palm Fruit Bunches
Crude Palm Oil Kernel
Refined Oil
Processed
Food
(CookingOil etc.)
Processed
Non food
(Biodiesel,
Alp ha SME etc.)
Land Preparation
Palm based products
Palm Kernel Oil
ExportExport Processed
Non foodProcessed
Food
BiomassIn Estates
Agro-based Products
Compost (as soil
Conditioner/fertiliser)
Mulch (Estates)
Biomass
Palm Kernel Cake
Animal Feed
Renewable Energy
Abundance of Oil Palm Biomass
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PALM KERNEL CAKE
SHELL, 5.5%
FIBRE, 13.5%
POME
EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH, 22%FRESH FRUIT BUNCH
OIL PALM FRONDS
OIL PALM TRUNK
10% oil
90% biomass
Abundance of Oil Palm Biomass
29
http://www.foodprocessing-technology.com/projects/chumporn/index.html
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Planet
30
Increase Plantation Hectarage in a Responsible Manner
It is grown on legitimate
agricultural land
Permanent forests, covering55.6% of Malaysia’s land is devoted
to wildlife habitat and biodiversity
conservation
Malaysia practices responsible
agricultural and land management
Minimizes waste and pollutant
generation
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Planet
Source: van Zutphen 2008
Malaysian Palm Oil WildlifeConservation Fund
(MPOWCF) US$ 5.6 millionmanaged by MPOC
Activities1. Jungle patrol to protect wildlife
surrounding oil palm plantations2. Survey of orang utan population in
Sabah3. Establish Orang Utan Island infant
care centre4. Improving riparian reserves
Preserving Biodiversity
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Profit
Importance of oil palm to Malaysia
CountryGNI perCapita
USA $ 44,970UK $ 40,180
Belgium $ 38,600
World $ 7,439Malaysia $ 5,490
Indonesia $ 1,420
Source: World Development BankIndicator 2007.$: USDGNI: Gross National Income
• Palm oil contributesabout 5-6 % ofMalaysian GDP
• Provides employmentto 0.5 million workersin the industry and thoserelated to it
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EXPORT EARNINGS FROM
MALAYSIAN PALM OIL
14.9 14.2
19.6
26.230.4 28.6 31.8
45
62
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
RM BILLION
Source:MPOB
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MALAYSIAN EXTERNAL TRADE
(2006 & 2008)
E&E, 47.70%
PET&PET PROD,
12.60%
TIM&TIM PROD,
4%
PALM&PALM
PROD, 5.40%
OTHERS, 30.20%
2006
EXT.TRADE = RM 589 BILLION
2008
EXT.TRADE = RM 663.5 BILLION
E&E, 38.50%
PET&PET PROD,
17.00%
TIM&TIM PROD,
3.40%
PALM&PALM
PROD, 9.80%
OTHERS, 31.30%
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Profit
35
YearPalm oil
export value(RM billion)
Export value of allcommodities(RM billion)
Percentage of palmcontribution in theoverall export value
1980 2.89 48.80 6.1 %1990 5.50 20.70 26.6 %
2000 14.94 42.72 35.0 %
2007 44.71 88.70 50.4 %
2008 64.80 112.43 57.6 %
Importance of oil palm to Malaysia
Re-distribution of wealth among the rural population
contributed to peace and stability in the country
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Profit
Among other functions, licenses all critical activities
of the Malaysian Palm Oil Sector and enforces its orderly conduct
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Total of Licensees = 151,743
• Nursery - 564
• Estate - 4,260
• Smallholders - 142,540
• Dealer of FFB - 1,972
• Palm Oil Mill - 416
• Palm Kernel Crusher - 59
• Palm Oil Refinery - 57
• Palm Oleochemicals - 54
• Dealer of Palm Oil - 1,053
• Dealer of PFA - 18
• Exporter - 72
• Importer - 77
• Chemist - 27
• Surveyor - 61
• Bulking Installation - 36
• Others - 495
STATUS OF LICENSEES MARCH 2009
37
P i O li
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Presentation Outline
•Sustainable PracticesAdopted by theMalaysian Palm OilIndustry
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Sustainable Practices Adopted by the Industry
39
Good Agricultural Practices – Estates &Smallholders:
– Good water management
– Maintain riparian reserves– Maintain soil fertility
– Integrated pest management (IPM)
–
Waste Management
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Sustainable Practices Adopted by the Industry
40
• Integrated Pest Management• decreased reliance on harmful chemical
pesticides
•
Increasing use of Biological Control –microbial pathogen
• Barn owl to control rats
• Beneficial plants e.g. Cassia cobanensis tocontrol parasitoids
• Satellite monitoring of diseases
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Sustainable Practices Adopted by the Industry
Conserve natural
resources, reduce wasteand plant cover crops
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Sustainable Practices Adopted by the Industry
ZERO BURNING POLICYOpen Burning is NOT Tolerated during Oil Palm Replanting in
Malaysia
http://pictopia.com/perl/gal?process=gallery&gallery_id=S479652&provider_id=25&ptp_photo_id=wpost:xt-mt-25-200461http://pictopia.com/perl/gal?process=gallery&gallery_id=S479652&provider_id=25&ptp_photo_id=wpost:xt-mt-25-200461http://pictopia.com/perl/gal?process=gallery&gallery_id=S479652&provider_id=25&ptp_photo_id=wpost:xt-mt-25-200461
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Sustainable Practices Adopted by the Industry
43
Reducing greenhouse gases by convertingEFB and POME into compost
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Sustainable Practices Adopted by the Industry
ConvertingPOME (wastewater) into
Biogas
Mitigating CH4 emissions by ~ 80 %
Biogas Plant
UnitedPlantations, Keck Seng, Kim
Long, SimeDarby etc
P t ti O tli
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Presentation Outline
•Current and New
Initiatives withinthe Industry
N I i i i Wi hi h I d
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New Initiatives Within the Industry
UnitedPlantations
First company to be awarded RSPO Certification(2008)
Second company to be awarded RSPO CertificationContribute 6% of the global output for palm oil
Our industries’ commitments toward
continuous improvement
4 Other Malaysian companies being certifiedand two from Indonesia (PT Musim Mas & PTPP London Sumatra Tbk) & one from PNG
RSPO Certified PO(million tonnes/year)Targeted: 1.5Achieved to date: 1
N I i i i Wi hi h I d
http://www.simedarby.com/default.aspxhttp://www.rspo.org/default.aspx
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New Initiatives Within the Industry
47
• Launched in August 2007 by MinisterPlantation Industries and Commodities
• Five Codes of Practices (CoPs):– Good Agricultural Practice for Oil Palm Estates & Smallholdings– Good Milling Practice for Palm Oil Mills– Good Crushing Practice for Palm Kernel Crushers– Good Refining Practice for Palm Oil Refineries– Good Practice for the Handling, Transport and Storage of
Products from the Oil Palm
• Preparation of the Sustainability Manual for the oil palmindustry
Codes of Practices &
Sustainability Manual
N I iti ti Withi th I d t
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New Initiatives Within the Industry
48
• LCA Study throughout the oil palm supplychain
• Establishment of Tropical Peat Institute. 3areas of research are:
– Inventory of peatland cultivation in Malaysia
– Review on working program of GHG fluxstudies
– Best management practice (BMP) of oil palmon peatland
• Collaboration with the Ministry ofHousing, Environment and Spatial Planningand University of Wageningen in theNetherlands on the tropical peatland project
• Collaborative projects on biodiversity with theNetherlands
• Collaborative projects on carbon emissionstudies
C t I iti ti Withi th I d t
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Current Initiatives Within the Industry
HIGH YIELDING MATERIALS
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50
Presentation Outline
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Presentation Outline
•Conclusion
C l i
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Conclusions
Palm Oil Sector in Malaysia• Most important agriculture sector
– Vital to the Well Being of Rural Population
• Major Export Revenue Earner– Its viability is vital
• Export oriented sector– Domestic consumption
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Conclusions
Response to Consumers’ NeedsYear Issue/Need What Have WeDone?
Discovery
1980s Anti-TropicalOil Sentiment
Nutritionalstudies
Neutrality of palm oilCarotene
TocotrienolSN2
1990s ISO 9001 Implement Quality Improvement
Mid 1990s ISO 14000 Implement GAP
21st
Century Sustainability Implement CH4 captureBiomassProductivityCOP
Concl sions
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Conclusions
54
Sustainable agricultureis not justenvironmentally soundland managementpractices, but anintegration of the three
main goals of socialresponsibility, environmental health &economic profitability.
Malaysia is on tracktowards fulfilling the
sustainable businesstriple bottom line of PEOPLE, PLANET &
PROFITS
In pursuing theobjectives ofsustainability, Malaysiawelcomes a fair andbalanced view on issuesrelated to sustainabilityof palm oil.
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Thank You
for your kindattentionwww.mpob.gov.my