lecture-9-group prsentations on international environmental policies and regulations-01022013

8/13/2019 Lecture-9-Group Prsentations on International Environmental Policies and Regulations-01022013

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Abhishek Deshpande (CE09B094)

Sravya Sudha (CE09B073)


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Body for Environmental GovernanceMinistry for the environment and natural resources

Founded in 1990, is the youngest in Icelandic

administration. It created the requisites for the government for

formulating and enforcing an integrated policy forenvironmental affairs.

The Ministry includes divisions like- Department ofLand Quality, Department of Ocean, water andclimate and Department of Environmental and SpatialPlanning.


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Body for Environmental Governance Mission of the Ministry: To supervise the affairs

pertaining to nature in Iceland.

Conservation and the protection of flora and fauna. Pollution prevention and better hygiene planning.

Fire prevention, weather forecasting and avalancheprotection.

Surveying and cartography, forestry and soilconservation, environmental monitoring andsurveillance.


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Major Environmental Acts The Conservation Act -1999

The act on Hygiene and Pollution prevention- 1998 The Land surveying and cartography act- 1997

The planning and settlement act- 1997

The food act- 1995

The act on genetically modified organisms- 1995


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The act on the protection, preservation and hunting ofwild birds and wild mammals - 1994

The act on environmental impact studies- 1993 The act to information, distribution and the access to

information on Environmental affairs 1993

The act on Icelandic institute of natural history and

regional centers of natural history- 1992


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Major developments in the

environmental sectorAfter the Rio Conference on environment and

development in 1992, Iceland put together the goals ina general policy formulation, which was approved in1993.

In 1997, the government approved an Intensive plan-Sustainable development in Icelandic society, an

implementation plan through the end of the century-which was an attempt to introduce the viewpoint ofsustainable development into main industries andparts of society.


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As a part of the Planning and Building affairs, the tasks

involved were the preparation of a general plan for theentire country, the preparation of land utilizationplans, development of national information systemand the preparation of a digital map database for the

entire Iceland. For Pollution prevention, the Ministry introduced a

separate Environment and Food agency of Iceland todecentralize the monitoring and hence improve the

efficiency of this particular sector.


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The Environmental Agency operates under thedirection of the Ministry for the Environment. Its roleis to promote the protection as well as sustainable useof Icelands natural resources, as well as public welfareby helping to ensure a healthy environment and safeconsumer goods.

Iceland, as well known is the success story of sustainable fishing.


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Produced by Yale and Columbia University, theEnvironmental Performance Index measures 163countries performance in various categories.

Iceland which received 93.5/100 earned high marks forenvironmental public health, controlling greenhousegas emissions and reforestation while India ranks farbelow at 123.

Environmental Performance Index


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For Conservation , the Ministry has National

Conservation Agency, the Icelandic Institute of Natural History and The Directorate of FreshwaterFisheries under them.

The Ministry also participates in the environmental

efforts of the United Nations, the Council of Europeand OECD.

International treaties and other global

commitments towards the environment


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The Ministry of Environment ministers tomultifaceted Nordic collaboration and supervises theimplementation of international environmentalprotection agreements to which Iceland is a party.

The above stretches the fact that Iceland as a country

has contributed on turning down the global issuesaffecting the environment.


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Raj kamal singh(CE12M036)

Om Prakash Ranjan( CE12M035)


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Air pollutionRoad Traffic Regulation Act : 1984 provided powers to regulate or restrict traffic on UKroads, in the interest of safety.

The Act is split into 10 parts covering 147 sections.

Part 1: General Provisions For Traffic Regulations.Part 2: Traffic Regulation In Special Cases

Part 3: Crossings And Playgrounds

Part 4: Parking Places

Part 5: Traffic Signs

Part 6: Speed Limits

Part 7: Bollards And Other Obstructions

Part 8: Control And Enforcement

Part 9: Further Provisions As To Enforcement

Part 10: General And Supplementary Provisions


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The Clean Air Act: 1993

governing the emission of air pollutants from

human sources into the atmosphere. regulation of indoor air quality for the

protection of human health.

Effectiveness - improvement in human healthand longer life spans. in 2010 alone, thereduction of ozone and particulate matter inthe atmosphere prevented more than 160,000

cases of premature mortality, 130,000 heartattacks, 13 million lost work days and 1.7million asthma attacks.


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The environment act: 1995 Includes so many agencies and set new standards for

environmental management. It covers England, Scotland and Wales, and the

Environment (Northern Ireland) Order 2002, requires alllocal authorities in the UK to review and assess air qualityin their area.

standards for ozone and polyaromatic hydrocarbons(PAH), are subject to regulations made under theEnvironment Act 1995.

Contaminated land- identification, designation andremedies of contaminated land.

National park- responsible for establishment, functionsand financing of national park authorities.


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Environment protection act- 1990 the fundamental structure and authority for waste

management and control of emissions into the environment.

Part I- establishes a general regime by which the Secretary of

State, as of 2008 the Secretary of State for Environment, Foodand Rural Affairs, can prescribe any process or substance and setlimits on it in respect of emissions into the environment.

Part II sets out a regime for regulating and licensing theacceptable disposal ofcontrolled waste on land. Controlledwaste is any household, industrial and commercialwaste.

Part IIA - defines a scheme of identification and compulsoryremedial action for contaminated land.


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Part III- defines a class of statutory nuisances over whichthe local authority can demand remedial action supportedby criminal penalties.

Part IV- defines a set of criminal offences concerning litter.

Part V- defines a regime of statutory notification and riskassessment for genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

There are duties with respect to the import, acquisition,keeping, release or marketing of GMOs and the Secretaryof State has the power to prohibit specific GMOs if there isa danger of environmental damage.


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Land pollution.Objectiveclean up pollution on land where it is causing significant

harm or water pollution, where former industrial landchanges hands or is re-developed.

Legislation

Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 Statutory Guidance (Annex 3 of DEFRA Circular 01/2006) The Contaminated Land (England) Regulations 2006 The Contaminated Land (Wales) Regulations 2006


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The Contaminated Land (England)

Regulations 2006These Regulations apply in relation to England only. Citation, commencement, application and interpretationIn these Regulations, unless otherwise indicated

(a) any reference to a numbered section is to the section ofthe 1990 Act which bears that number or, in relation toharm so far as attributable to any radioactivity possessed byany substances, to that section as modified by theRadioactive Contaminated Land and

(b) in relation to harm, so far as attributable to anyradioactivity possessed by any substances, any termdefined by the 1990 Act has the meaning given to it by that

Act as modified by the Radioactive Contaminated land.


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Land required to be designated as a special site.

Pollution of controlled waters

Content of remediation notices Service of copies of remediation notices

Compensation for rights of entry etc

Compensation for rights of entry etc

Grounds of appeal against a remediation notice

Appeals to the Secretary of State

Modification of a remediation notice etc.


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Sea waterMarine and coastal access act2009-It

will help us to achieve clean, healthy, safe, productive

and biologically diverse oceans and seas. It will provide better protection for our marine

environment; sustainable use of our marine resources;an integrated planning system for managing our seas,

coasts and estuaries; a robust legal framework fordecision-making; streamlined regulation andenforcement; and access to the coast.


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Marine strategy regulation2010- Itestablishes a high-level legal framework that ensures thatthe obligations which the Directive places on the UK are

assigned to a competent authority, and those competentauthorities are given the necessary powers to carry out theirroles.

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires the UKto take necessary measures to achieve or maintain a goodenvironmental status in the marine environment by 2020.In particular ,Member States must develop a marinestrategy for their waters consisting of the followingelements.


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reven on an eme a on(Wales) Regulations 2009, SI

2009/995The Regulations aim to prevent environmental damageby imposing obligations on operators of economicactivities requiring them to prevent, limit orremediate environmental damage . They apply todamage to protected species, natural habitats, sites of

special scientific interest (SSSIs), water and land.

The Regulations aim to prevent environmentaldamage by imposing obligations on operators ofeconomic activities requiring them to prevent, limit or

remediate environmental damage. They apply todamage to protected species, natural habitats, sites ofspecial scientific interest (SSSIs), water and land.


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References http://www.legislation.gov.uk

www. Wikipedia.com


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Environmental Regulations

CANADA

Group:PRITHIN S. KURUVILA CE09B070

SUBIR PAUL CE09B074

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - EIA3 February 2013


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Federal Environmental Law and

Regulation



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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - EIA

Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA)Regulation of toxic substances, cross-border air and water pollution, and

waste disposal or dumping into the oceans Toxic Substances - The Act requires an importer or manufacturer to

notify the federal government of a new substance before manufactureor importation can take place in Canada

National Pollutant Release Inventory - Owners and operators of

facilities that manufacture, process or otherwise use one or more of thenumerous NPRI-listed substances under certain prescribed conditionsare required to report releases or off-site transfers of the substances toEnvironment Canada

Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gases - 1) asbestos emissions from

asbestos mines and mills; 2) lead emissions from secondary leadsmelters; 3) mercury from chlor-alkali mercury plants; and 4) vinylchloride from vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride plants.

Most air emission regulation is conducted at the provincial level ofgovernment

3 February 2013


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Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA)

Movement of Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Recyclable Material -

implement Canadas obligations under the Basel Convention and certain

other international treaties or agreements aimed at controlling the

international movement of such materials.

Waste Disposal at Sea - Application for such a permit triggers an

environmental assessment process

Environmental Emergencies

Enforcement - The amendments raise maximum fines, establish minimum

penalties for more serious offences and create different classes of offenders,

whereby stiffer fines are imposed on large corporations compared to

small corporations or individuals

Public Participation and Consultation - CEPA provides for a number of

public participation measures designed to enhance public access to

information, and to encourage reporting and investigation of offences

3 February 2013


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Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA)

To ensure that federal government agencies and bodies take

environmental concerns into consideration in their decision-making processes

CEAA is administered by the Canadian Environment AssessmentAgency

4 types of assessments under the act: screening, comprehensivestudy, panel review (public hearing) or mediation

A screening assessment is generally the most basic process and isusually reserved for activities whose environmental effects are

well known.

The comprehensive study involves a more in-depth assessment.

Where warranted, the government can require furtherassessment of a project by way of a panel review or mediation.

3 February 2013


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Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992 (TDGA)

Hazardous Products Act (HPA) and Canada Consumer Product

Safety Act

Pest Control Products Act, 2002

Fisheries Act

Canada Shipping Act

Marine Liability Act

Navigable Waters Protection Act

Oceans Act

Canada National Marine Conservation Areas Act

Species at Risk Act (SARA)

Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 (MBCA)

Canada National Parks Act

Energy Efficiency Act

3 February 2013


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Provincial Legislations



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Alberta

Alberta Land Stewardship Act(2009) Statutory Under-Pinning of states Land Use Framework Aims for sustainability through cumulative effects management Divides Alberta into seven zones, with individual regional plans Public Consultation and presentation to Legislative .Assembly

Individual and collective rights to grievance redress and review. Environment Protection and Enhancement Act

Delegates authority to Ministry of Environment and sub-divisions Aims at sustainability, and eco-friendly economic growth Opportunities for citizens to advice government on decisions Promotes the Polluter Pays principle Underlines the need for Governmental Leadership



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Alberta

Climate Change and Emissions Management Act Mandates emissions trading, mandatory reporting, funds for

research in environmental sciences , minimization of emissions Four-fold options to industries: Operational Efficiency, Purchase

Emission offsets, CCEMA Fund Credits or Emissions Trading.

Specific bodies created to ensure mandatory reporting, cuttingdown on emissions, fund management and defaulter penalties Fisheries(Alberta) Act and Wildlife Act

Licensing schemes for fishing and hunting Regulation of sale of fish and wildlife Specific regulations for operating in areas with endangered

species Very important guidelines for operation in Caribou protection

areas. .



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British Columbia Environmental Management Act

Establishes a specific regime for the handling of hazardous wastes

Provides for pollution abatement and pollution prevention orders.

Provides for orders requiring remediation of contaminated sites

Range of offences: Failure to handle hazardous wastes, failure to

comply with regulations, failure to report a spill of waste Maximum penalties C$ 3 million and/or 3 years imprisonment

Action on Climate Change The Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target Act: 33% reduction by 2020

from 2007 GHG levels, 80% reduction by 2050.

Renewable and Low Carbons Act: Sets standards for renewable fuelin transportation fuel, reduction of fuel carbon intensity, etc.

Cap and Trade Act: Part of Western Climate Initiative, aiming to capemissions and promote trading among 7 US and 4 Canada states.



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British Columbia Water, Fisheries and Wildlife Legislation

The Water Act: Establishes licensing for diversion of water andalteration or rehabilitation of streams and channels. Fish Protection Act:: Prohibits construction on or near

sensitive streams and establishes rules for new residential andindustrial area

Wildlife Act: Protects endangered species and habitats,regulatory authority for alien species (snakes, tigers),protection for raptors.

Natural Resources Legislation Forest and Range Practices Act: Preservation of soils, timber,

biodiversity, cultural heritage, forage and wildlife.

Private Managed Forest Land Act: Creates Mechanism for regulation offorest practices on private lands Petroleum and Natural Gas Act: Geophysical licences, exploration

project approvals, well, test hole authorizations.



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Quebec Water Resources Preservation Act (2009)

Water Resource Protection and Management Authority, created tomonitor water withdrawals exceeding 75,000 liters per day Authorization valid for 10 years, subject to no transfer out of Quebec

Natural Resources legislation Petroleum Products Act: Standards for petro products monitoring

and maintenance of petroleum infrastructure, leak prevention,

safety. Conservation and Development of Wildlife: Rules for hunting,

fishing and trapping on public land, wildlife conservation measures,etc.

Sustainable Development Act Creates office of Sustainable Development Commissioner for

environmental audits within office of the Auditor General Elevates right to environmental quality to the level of an economic

and social right under Quebec Charter of Human Right andFreedom. .



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By:Smaranika Panda

CE12S020Hema Priyamvada R

CE12D040

Principles of environmental law in the Federal


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Principles of environmental law in the FederalRepublic of Germany

All the laws are based on these 3 main principles

PREVENTION PRINCIPLE to avoid environmental impact, hazard or damageinstead of repairing damages

"POLLUTERS PAY PRINCIPLE requests that whoever has caused a damage must payfor its consequences. It is therefore an economic means to reduceemissions at the sources.

COOPERATION PRINCIPLE requires the joint activity of official parties, theplant operators and the public to avoid environmentaldamage, hazards or molestations. It also requests international cooperation inenvironmental policy.

E l l h l


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Environmental laws - Chronology

Environmental laws are based on the Environmental action

programme

1987 1992 - Fourth EAP

1977 1981 - Second EAP

1973 First EAP

1982 1986 - Third EAP

1992 1999 Fifth EAP

1997 -2003 Sixth EAP

Key salient features of EAPS


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Key salient features of EAP S

First EAP - water protection and waste, with special reference to agriculture and spatial

planning, emissions control.

Second EAP Nature Protection received special attention.

Third EAP - Waste avoidance, efficient resource use and integrated environmental

technologies.

Fourth EAP - proposed a more integrated approach. For the first time, environmentalprotection was not perceived as an additive, but rather as an integrated activity within the

whole production process.

Fifth EAP -The principal aim was sustainable development, the action programme proposed

structural change in favour of public transport, energy efficiency and waste prevention

Sixth EAP - addressed so-called persistent environmental problems, such as climate change,

the loss of biodiversity or the over-consumption of resources. Key issues : pesticides,

resources, recycling, soils, the urban environment, the marine environment, and clean air.


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Rules & Regulations for Water Name of the Act: The Water ResourcesManagement Act (1986)

Salient features : The act is oriented towards the principle of precaution, i.e.

environmental damage or hazards are to be avoided by measures

of environmental policy.

prohibits the discharge of contaminated solid substances into

bodies of water for the purpose of waste disposal.

Plants must appoint a water protection representative.


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Environmental Liability of Waterresources act

The water resources management act encompasses two

areas of liability, i.e. actions and plants.

Action liability commits the party who changes the biological,chemical or physical condition of water by the discharge or

introduction of substances to compensate for any damage arising.

Plant liability can be explained as the escape of oil through leaks

in tanks. Liability covers the owner of the plant.


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Water resources management act-rules as stated in the environmental legislation

W


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Waste

Name of the Act: The Recycling Act has been in force since 7 October 1996

Definition : It is defined as the obligation to design

products in such a way that waste products are reduced and avoided even at the

production stage and during use;

the environmentally sound recycling and disposal proceduresof waste (arising after use) is ensured.

The drawing up of waste management concepts is compulsoryfor companies


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The Recycling Act rules as stated inthe environmental legislation

Rules & Regulations for Air


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Rules & Regulations for Air(inclusive of atmosphere in general)

Name of the Act: The Federal Pollution Control Act The act to protect against harmful environmental effects from air pollutants,

noises, vibrations and similar phenomena has been in force since 1985.

Objective :

to protect people, fauna and flora, soils, water, the atmosphere as well as

cultural and material assets against hazards, nuisance and disadvantages which

may arise from plants subject to mandatory licensing.

The plants include power plants, chemical plants, waste disposal and recycling

facilities, mining and refineries.


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The Air Act rules as stated in theenvironmental legislation


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Environmental Impact Assessment Act Name of the Act :The Environmental Impact Assessment

Act (1990)

Salient features : The act is oriented towards the precautionary principle.

For construction projects (new structures and structural

changes)the environmental impact must be estimated and

analysed in advance with regard to pollution, resource

consumption and pollutant emissions


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Environmental Liability Act

Name of the act : The Product Liability Act (1990) :

The Product Liability Act relates to damage caused by a product

and is thus not a specific environmental law but it includes

environmental damage.

Liability covers only persons and damage to private property.

Environmental Audit Acts


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Environmental Audit Acts

The EC Eco Audit Regulation (1993):

Feature :It is aimed at continuously improving company environmentalprotection and continuously reducing company environmental effects.

The Environmental Audit Act (1995):

Feature :The Environmental Audit Act (EAG) regulates the effective

implementation of the EC Eco Audit Regulations in the Federal Republic

of Germany.

The EAG provides for three different areas of regulation

The approval of independent, reliable and expert environmental

verifiers and environmental verification organisations

The exercise of effective supervision of approved environmental

verifiers and environmental verification organisations

The registration of the corporate sites audited

Case study :


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Case study :German Action Plan for the implementation of measures afterthe Fukushima Dai-ichi reactor accident

Immediately after the reactor accidents in the Japanese Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear

power plants (NPPs), actions were initiated in Germany to review the safety ofGerman NPPs.


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By

V. Nandita CE09B075

K. Malleswari CE09B022


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Introduction 3rd largest economy in the world with many industries.

So pollution is very high and inevitable

Some of the environmental issues include urban air

pollution (NOx, suspended particulate matter, andtoxics),waste management, water eutrophication, natureconservation, climate change, chemical management andinternational co-operation for conservation.

Japan is one of the world's leaders in the development ofnew environment-friendly technologies, and is ranked 20thbest in the world in the 2010 Environmental PerformanceIndex


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Laws to prevent pollution 1897 - Forest Law To protect forests from being ruined and to conserve national

land

1919 - Law for the Protection of Historical Sites,

Scenic Beauties and Natural Monuments 1931 - National park law

Various institutions and frameworks to facilitate protectionand use of landscapes, and enable efficient management ofnational parks

These steps towards environmental protection weregradually totally neglected because of GreatDepression in 1929 and rise to power of Japanesemilitary.


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Basic Pollution Control 1967 - Basic Law for Pollution Control :

Regulations on emissions, land use and facility location,development of pollution control facilities, monitoring,

research and study and subsidies. 1970 - Pollution Control Diet

Included 14 pollution control laws and otherenvironmental measures.


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1971 - Environmental Agencywas established duringthis session

Major activities to promote policies for pollution control

and nature conservation and overall coordination ofenvironmental measures implemented by otherministries and agencies


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Water 1958 Water Quality Conservation Law and Factory Effluent Law 1970 Water Pollution Control Law :

System to notify specifies facilities, Waste water regulation common to thewhole country, continuous monitoring of the water quality, total pollutantload control for closed sea areas, measures for domestic effluents such as thedesignation of priority areas

Amended in 1989 Extended to Groundwater pollution also Amended in 1990 Promotion of Controls for Domestic waste water 1973 Interim Law for Conservation of the Seto Inland Sea

Basic Plan for the Conservation of the Environment of the Seto Inland Sea,License system for the installation of specified facilities, Natural Sea ShoreConservation Area System, Consideration for Environmental Conservation

in Reclamation


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1984 Law concerning Special Measures for thePreservation of Lake Water Quality

Implementation of projects to contribute to the protectionof water quality, which includes construction of sewage

systems, and strict regulations of various pollution sources,for designated lakes and ponds. This law initiated systematicefforts against urban pollution by domestic sources.

1994 Drinking Water Law and Law concerning

Special Measures for the Protection of Water Quality The law promoted development of consolidated private

sewage treatment facilities and river projects

1997 Amended River Law


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Air 1949 Tokyo Metropolitan Government introducesOrdinance to control Pollution from Factories firstpollution control ordinance in the country

1962 Law concerning Controls on emission of smokeand dust

Regulation of smoke and dust emissions, operation of airpollution monitoring system, assistance of regulated facilities

1968 Air Pollution Control Law

Provisions to protect air quality by measures such as to controlemissions of soot and smoke and particulate matters fromfactories and to set maximum permissible limits for automobileexhaust, provisions to enforce regulations


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1993 The Japan Fund for Global Environment createdwithin the Japan Environmental Corporation tosupport activities of NGOs Supports environmental protection activities, including

funding recycling, greenery and nature conservation relatedactivities undertaken by environmental NGOs both in Japanand internationally

1995 National Strategy of Japan on Biodiversity Provides the target and the direction for the measures of the

government on the conservation and sustainable use ofbiological diversity in accordance with the Convention onBiological Diversity in order for the current and futuregenerations are able to receive nature's blessings frombiodiversity.


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1997 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)

Sets binding obligations on industrialized countries to reduceemissions of greenhouse gases

1998 Law concerning the Promotion of the measuresto cope with Global Warming

Establishes responsibilities of the central government, localgovernments, businesses and citizens to cope with global

warming


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1995 National Strategy of Japan on Biodiversity

Provides the target and the direction for the measures ofthe government on the conservation and sustainable use

of biological diversity in accordance with the Conventionon Biological Diversity in order for the current and futuregenerations are able to receive nature's blessings frombiodiversity

1979 - Act on the Rational Use of Energy To reduce CO2 emissions from energy sources. To

implement the measures required for the rational use ofenergy with regard to factories, transportation, buildings,and machinery and equipment.


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2001 Creation of Ministry of Environment

2003 Law for encouragement ofenvironmental preservation activities andpromotion of environmental education wasenacted


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Submitted by:

Hrishikesh C G (CE12D041)

Sumeet Singh Makkar (CE12M038)

Conservation Act


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The Environment Protection and BiodiversityConservation Act 1999 is the primary piece of national

environmental legislation.

The EPBC Act provides a legal framework to protectand manage nationally and internationally importantflora, fauna, ecological communities and heritageplacesdefined in the EPBC Act as matters of national environmental significance.

Conservation Act,

1999

Matter of


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The eight matters of national environmental significance towhich the EPBC Act applies are:

world heritage sites national heritage places wetlands of international importance (often called Ramsar

wetlands after the international treaty under which suchwetlands are listed)

nationally threatened species and ecological communities migratory species Commonwealth marine areas the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park nuclear actions. (including uranium mining & building

of nuclear waste repositories )

Matter of

significance


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Key provisions of the EPBC Act are largely based on the followingtreaties: World Heritage Convention The Convention for the Protection

of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1975; Ramsar Convention The Convention on Wetlands of

International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat 1975; The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992; JAMBA Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement; CAMBA China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement; Bonn Convention Convention on the Conservation of

Migratory Species of Wild Animals; CITES The Convention on International Trade in Endangered

Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1976.

treaties


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NEPC is a statutory body with law making powersestablished under the National Environment ProtectionCouncil Act 1994 (Commonwealth) and correspondinglegislation in the other jurisdictions.

On 26 June 1998, the National Environment ProtectionCouncil (NEPC) made Australia's first national ambient airquality standards as part of the National EnvironmentProtection Measure for Ambient Air Quality (the'Air NEPM').

Australia does not have national air quality emissionsstandards. Environment protection authorities inindividual States and Territories set such standards

National Environment Protection

Council Act, 1994


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The Water Act 2007 commenced on 3 March 2008 and implementedkey reforms for water management in Australia.

The Act establishes the Murray-Darling Basin Authority(MDBA)with the functions and powers, needed to ensure that Basin waterresources are managed in an integrated and sustainable way.

The Act establishes a Commonwealth Environmental WaterHolder to manage the Commonwealth's environmental water toprotect and restore the environmental assets of the Murray-DarlingBasin, and outside the Basin where the Commonwealth owns water.

The Act provides the Australian Competition and ConsumerCommission (ACCC) with a key role in developing andenforcing water charge and water market rules along the linesagreed in the National Water Initiative.

Water Act, 2007

(


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The main purpose of the Hazardous Waste (Regulation ofExports and Imports) Act 1989 (the Act) is to regulate theexport and import of hazardous waste to ensure that hazardous

waste is disposed of safely so that human beings and the

environment, both within and outside Australia, are protectedfrom the harmful effects of the waste. The original Act of 1989 only controlled movements of wastes

that lacked financial value, usually destined for final disposaloperations (for example, by incineration or landfill).

In 1996, the Act was amended to include wastes that possess

financial value, usually destined for recycling and recoveryoperations.

These amendments enabled Australia to meet all of itsobligations under the Basel Convention

Hazardous Waste (Regulation of

Exports and Imports) Act, 1989


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(


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Waters surrounding Australia's coastlines are protected from wastesand pollution dumped at sea by the Environment Protection (SeaDumping) Act 1981 (the Sea Dumping Act).

The Sea Dumping Act regulates the loading and dumping of waste atsea.

The Act fulfils Australia's international obligations under the LondonProtocol to prevent marine pollution by dumping of wastes and othermatter

Permits are required from the Department for all ocean disposalactivities, which include:

dredging operations the creation of artificial reefs dumping of vessels, platforms or other man-made structures burials at sea

Environment Protection (Sea

Dumping) Act, 1981

Standards Act


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The Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000 (the Act)provides a legislative framework for setting nationalfuel quality and fuel quality information standards forAustralia.

Fuel quality standards have been made for petrol,

diesel, biodiesel, autogas and ethanol E85. A fuel quality information labelling standard has been

made for Ethanol (in petrol) and ethanol E85

Standards Act,

2000


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Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 (TSP Act), Tasmania

Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, Western Australia

Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988) (FFG Act), Victoria

National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972, South Australia Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, New South

Wales (TSC Act)

Nature Conservation Act 1980, Australian Capital Territory

Nature Conservation Act, Queensland

Territory Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act2000 (TPWCA), Northern Territory

Environment Assessment Act, Northern Territory

State acts


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Endangered Species Protection Act 1993Australian Wildlife Protection Act 1998

Natural Heritage Trust of Australia Act 1997, whichestablished the Natural Heritage Trust, providing

funding

Related acts


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http://www.environment.gov.au/about/legislation.html

http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Series/C2004A00392

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation

Act 1999 (Act No. 91 of 1999 as amended)

Overview of environmental law in Western Australia

(Environmental Defenders Office of Western Australia(Inc.)) Fact Sheet 01Updated March 2011

References


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In

BRAZIL

SWAPNIL R. KENDRE CE12M084

ARUN NAGARKATTI ME12S019


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The basis is established in the 1988 Federal

Constitution, Article 225

states: All have the right to an ecologically

balanced environment which is an asset ofcommon use and essential to a healthyquality of life, and both the Government

and the community shall have the duty todefend and preserve it for present andfuture generations.


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The policy for environment comprises

goals

proceedings,

formulation

implementation mechanisms

for protection and use of the natureresources.


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This act creates Environment National Council (CONAMA), agovernment agency subordinated to the Ministry of theEnvironment, Water Resources and Legal

Amazonian Region (MMA)

Environment National System (SISNAMA), whichrepresents the integration of activities of the threespheres of government - federal, states andmunicipalities.


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This act creates The Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable

Natural Resources (IBAMA) is the federal agency incharge for the implementation of

this policy.


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Other important environment-related acts

Act 11284/2006: provides for public forestsmanagement;

Act 11428/2006: use and protection of Atlantic Forest

Biome;

Act 4771/1965 Forest Code


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Act 4771/1965 Forest Code

The 'Rural Property' legal concept;

Definition of Permanent Preservation Areas (related toslope, top of hills, width of water bodies);

Definition of Legal Reserve; Suppression of NativeForests;

Limits of Parks and Public Forests, which must bedepicted in official

Act. 9985/2000 SNUC the National System of


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Nature Conservation Areas

Definition of boundaries of Conservation Units (UCs),damp areas and ecological corridors; Definition ofConservation Units Mosaics;

Calculation of financial compensation for traditionalpopulations living within UCs areas;

survey of areas without legal registration intended fornature conservation; SNUC areas must be depicted in

official maps.

Act 7661/1988


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National Coastal Management Plan

Definition for Ecological-Economic Coastal Zoning -ZEEC, which

guides the territorial planning process;

sets the high tide line, the coastline and the seawaterfront.

Act 4118/1962


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Nuclear Power National Policy

Location of mines and deposits of the interestedsubstance for production of atomic energy

which are national reserves, essential for country

security, and held by the Union as imprescriptible and inalienable

goods

Act 6938/1981

l l f


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National Policy for Environment

Potentially polluting activities control and zoning;

Control of threatened or degraded areas;

Tax collecting for survey

licensing activities accordingly to the land use andarea size.

Act 9433/1997

i l li


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Water Resources National Policy

Definition for Watershed; Calculation of river basinareas;

Class definitions for water bodies.

Act 9605/1998

E i t l C i L


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Environmental Crimes Law

Penalties for deforestation,

economic exploitation or

degradation of native or planted forest area.

Act 6766/1979

U b A M t L


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Urban Areas Management Law

Definition of Urban Areas and Urban Expansion;

Definition of Water flood areas,

slope above 30% and ecological preservation areas


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Tabish Umar AnsariCe12s023

MS Environmental Engineering

The Swedish Environmental Code was adopted in 1998 and


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The Swedish Environmental Code was adopted in 1998 andentered into force 1 January 1999

The rules contained within 15 acts have been amalgamated

in the Code As many similar rules in previous statutes have been

replaced with common rules, the number of provisions hasbeen reduced

The Environmental Code is nonetheless a major piece oflegislation

The Code contains 33 chapters comprising almost 500sections

However, it is only the fundamental environmental rulesthat are included in the Environmental Code, moredetailed provisions are laid down in ordinances made bythe Government.

Objectives and Area of Application


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The Environmental Code shall be applied in such a way as toensure that:

1. human health and the environment are protected againstdamage and detriment, whether caused by pollutants or otherimpacts;

2. valuable natural and cultural environments are protected and

preserved;3. biological diversity is preserved;

4. the use of land, water and the physical environment in generalis such as to secure a long term good management in ecological,

social, cultural and economic terms; and5. reuse and recycling, as well as other management of materials,

raw materials and energy are encouraged with a view toestablishing

Protection of Nature


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The right of access to private land etc.

Section 1Any person who exercises the right of access toprivate land or is in the countryside for any other reasonshall treat it with due care and consideration

National parks

Section 2A land or water area that belongs to the statemay with the consent of Parliament be designated anational park by the Government for the purpose ofpreserving a large contiguous area of a certain landscape

type in its natural state or essentiallyunchanged

Nature reserves


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Section 4A land or water area may be declared a naturereserve by a county administrative board or a municipality for

the purpose of preserving biological diversity, protecting andpreserving valuable natural environments or satisfying theneed of areas for outdoor recreation.

Culture reserves

Section 9A land or water area may be designated a culture

reserve for the purpose of preserving valuable culturallandscapes. The provisions of sections 4 to 6 shall beapplicable to such an area.The fact that there is a building orstructure in the area that is protected as a historical building,

a church monument or an immovable antiquity pursuant tothe Act (1988:950) concerning Ancient Monuments andFinds shall not prevent the area being

designated a culture reserve.

Natural monumentsS i A di i i l bj b


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Section 10A distinctive natural object may bedesignated a natural monument by a countyadministrative board or a municipality if it is in need ofspecial protection or care. The designation may alsoinclude the land area that is required in order topreserve the natural object and give it sufficient space.Habitat protection areas

Section 11 Small land and water areas that constitutehabitats for endangered animal and plant species or areotherwise particularly worthy of protection may bedesignated habitat protection areas by the Governmentor the authority appointed by the Government. Such

designations may relate to individual areas or all theareas of a certain type in the country or part of thecountry.

Wildlife and plant sanctuaries


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Wildlife and plant sanctuaries

Section 12 If an animal or plant species needs special

protection in a special area, over and above theprohibitions imposed in chapter 8, sections 1 and 2 orthe prohibitions and restrictions provided for in thelegislation on hunting and fishing, a municipality or a

county administrative board may issue rules restrictingthe right to hunting or fishing or the right of the publicor the owner of the land to enter the area.

Shore protection areas


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p

Section 13 Shore protection applies by the sea, lakes

and watercourses. The purpose of shore protection isto assure public access to outdoor recreationfacilities and to maintain good living conditions forplant and animal species on land and in water.

Water protection areasSection 21A land or water area may be designated a

water protection area by a county administrativeboard or a municipality for the purpose of protectingsurface water or groundwater supplies that are, orare likely to be, used as water catchments.


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Water operationsChapter 11. Water operations

Content of the chapter

Section 1 This chapter contains provisions relating to

water operations and water structures. Provisionsrelating to water operations and water structures are alsocontained in chapter 6, section 5 of the Act (1998:812)Containing Special Provisions

concerning Water Operations.

Special conditions applying to water operations


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p pp y g p

Section 6Water operations may only be undertaken if

the benefits from the point of view of public and privateinterests are greater than the costs and damageassociated with them.

Further provisions relating to certain water structures

are contained in sections 19 and 20 of the ElectricityPreparedness Act

(1997:228).


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Environmental concerns in agriculture


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g

Section 7 For the purposes of sections 8 and 9

agricultural land shall mean arable and grazing landbelonging to a property that is taxed as an agriculturalholding. However, the provisions of those sections shallnot apply to agricultural land:

1. which belongs to a property that was established forpurposes other than agriculture and has subsequentlynot been taxed; or

2. which is designated for purposes other than

agriculture in detailed development plans or arearegulations pursuant to the

Planning and Building Act (1987:10).

Other Features


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Special provisions concerning genetic engineering,Chemical products and biotechnical organisms, Wasteand producer responsibility

Compensation for certain kinds of environmentaldamage and other private claims

Environmental damage insurance and environmentalclean-up insurance


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Republic of South AfricaRepubliek van Suid-Afrika

A presentation by

Ansik Mahapatra (CE09B065)Ajay Kumar (CE09B064)

National Environmental


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Management Act 1998Date of Commencement: 19th November 1998

ACTTo provide for co-operative, environmental governance byestablishing principlesfor decision-making on matters affecting the environment,institutions that willpromote co-operative governance and procedures forcoordinating environmentalfunctions exercised by organs of state; and to provide formatters connectedtherewith.



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Management Act 1998Principles Environmental management must place people and their needs

at the forefront of its concern, and serve their physical.psychological, developmental, cultural and social interestsequitably

Development must be socially, environmentally andeconomically sustainable

Environmental justice must be pursued so that adverseenvironmental impacts shall not be distributed in such a manneras to unfairly discriminate against any person, particularly

vulnerable and disadvantaged persons Responsibility for the environmental health and safety

consequences of a policy, program, project, product. process.service or activity exists throughout its life cycle

Marine Living Resources Act 18 of


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Marine Living Resources Act 18 of

1998 Commencement Date: 1st September 1998

ACT

To provide for the conservation of the marine ecosystem,

the long-term sustainable utilization of marine livingresources and the orderly access to exploitation,utilization and protection of certain marine livingresources; and for these purposes to provide for theexercise of control over marine living resources in a fairand equitable manner to the benefit of all the citizens ofSouth Africa; and to provide for matters connectedtherewith.


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Objectives and Principles

The need to achieve optimum utilization and ecologically sustainabledevelopment of marine living resources

The need to conserve marine living resources for both present andfuture generations

The need to protect the ecosystem as a whole, including species whichare not targeted for exploitation The need to preserve marine biodiversity The need to minimize marine pollution The need to apply precautionary approaches in respect of the

management and development of marine living resources

The need to achieve to the extent practicable a broad and accountableparticipation in the decision-making processes provided for in this Act

Dumping at Sea Control Act 73 of


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Dumping at Sea Control Act 73 of

1980 Date of Commencement: 23rdApril 1982

ACT

To provide for the control of dumping of substances inthe sea


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Prohibited Substances Organohalogen compounds.

Mercury and its compounds.

Cadmium and its compounds.

Persistent plastics and other persistent synthetic materials. High-level radio-active waste or other high-level radio-

active matter prescribed by regulation with theconcurrence of the Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs.

Substances in whatever form produced for biological andchemical warfare.


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Restricted Substances

Arsenic and its compounds.

Lead and its compounds.

Copper and its compounds.

Zinc and its compounds.

Organosilicon compounds.

Cyanides.

Fluorides.

Pesticides and their by-productsnot included in Schedule 1.

Beryllium and its compounds. Chromium and its compounds. Nickel and its compounds. Vanadium and its compounds. Containers, scrap metal and any

substances or articles that byreason of their bulk may interfere

with fishing or navigation. Radio-active waste or other radio-

active matter not included inSchedule 1.

Ammunition.


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Any person who(a) dumps any substance mentioned as prohibited;(b) (i) dumps any substance mentioned as

restricted;(ii) loads any such substance onto any vessel,

aircraft, platform or other man-made structure at sea fordumping;

(iii) deliberately disposes at sea of any vessel,aircraft, platform or other man-made structure,shall be guilty of an offence, unless the substance in question

was dumped for the purpose of saving human life or of

securing the safety of the vessel, aircraft, platform or otherman-made structure at sea in question


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Compiled by:Thomas Lalrinchana - CE12M085

V. Vamsi Krishna CE12M086


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Contd..

Fuel quality standards Hazardous Waste (Regulation of Exports and

Imports) Act 1989

Ozone Protection and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas

Management Act 1989 National Environment Protection Council Act 1994

National Environment Protection Measures(Implementation) Act 1998

Aboriginal and Torres StraitIslander Heritage Protection Act


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Islander Heritage Protection Act

To protect traditionally important areas andobjects.

The government can make special orders, calleddeclarations, to protect significant Aboriginalareas, objects and classes of objects fromthreats of injury or desecration.

The power to make declarations is meant to be

used as a last resort, after the relevantprocesses of the state or territory have beenexhausted.

Antarctic international lawand Treaty


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and Treaty

Activities in Antarctica and its surroundingseas are governed by a unique agreementbetween nations.

In recognition of Antarctica as the last greatwilderness on earth the Madrid Protocol wascreated under the Antarctic Treaty System in1991 to make certain mutually agreed

resolutions on the environment legally bindingupon member nations.

The environmental aspects of activities in themarine environment surrounding Antarctica are

rinci all overned b this treat

Environment Protection (AlligatorRivers Region) Act 1978


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Rivers Region) Act 1978

To devise, develop, coordinate the implementation of,and assess programs for research into theenvironmental effects of uranium mining in theAlligator Rivers Region

To devise, develop and promote standards andpractices in relation to uranium mining operations andrehabilitation in the Alligator Rivers Region;

To coordinate and supervise the implementation of

legal requirements, under any relevant legislation,associated with environmental aspects of uraniummining in the Alligator Rivers Region; and

To advise the Minister for the Environment, Water,Heritage and the Arts on environmental matters within

Biodiversity ConservationAct
http://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/supervision/arr-mines/index.htmlhttp://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/supervision/arr-mines/index.htmlhttp://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/about/arr/index.htmlhttp://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/about/arr/index.htmlhttp://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/supervision/arr-mines/index.htmlhttp://www.environment.gov.au/ssd/supervision/arr-mines/index.html


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Act It is the Australian Governments central piece of

environmental legislation.

It provides a legal framework to protect andmanage nationally and internationally importantflora, fauna, ecological communities and heritageplaces

Sea dumping act


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Waters surrounding Australia's coastlines areprotected from wastes and pollution dumped at seaby the Environment Protection (Sea Dumping) Act1981.

The Sea Dumping Act regulates the loading anddumping of waste at sea.

The Act fulfils Australia's international obligationsunder the London Protocol to prevent marine

pollution by dumping of wastes and other matter.

Fuel quality standards


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The Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000(the Act)provides a legislative framework for settingnational fuel quality and fuel quality informationstandards for Australia.

Fuel quality standards have been made for petrol,diesel, biodiesel, autogas and ethanol E85.

A fuel quality information labelling standard hasbeen made for Ethanol (in petrol) and ethanol E85.

Hazardous Waste(Regulation of Exports and


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(Regulation of Exports and

Imports) Act 1989 The main purpose is to regulate the export and

import of hazardous waste to ensure that

hazardous waste is disposed of safely so thathuman beings and the environment, both within andoutside Australia, are protected from the harmfuleffects of the waste.

Greenhouse Gas Management Act1989


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1989

The Commonwealth Ozone Protection andSynthetic Greenhouse Gas Management Act1989(the Act) controls the manufacture,

import and export of all ozone depletingsubstances (ODSs) and their syntheticgreenhouse gas (SGG) replacements.

It also controls imports of refrigeration and

air-conditioning equipment containing an HFC orHCFC refrigerant and grants theCommonwealth the power to create a nationallyconsistent system to control the end uses of

National EnvironmentProtection Council Act 1994


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Protection Council Act 1994

The objective of act is: People enjoy the benefit of equivalent protection

from air, water or soil pollution and from noise,wherever they live in Australia; and

Decisions of the business community are notdistorted, and markets are not fragmented, byvariations between participating jurisdictions inrelation to the adoption or implementation of majorenvironment protection measures.

Measures (Implementation) Act1998


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1998

The objects of this Act are: to make provision for the implementation of

national environment protection measures inrespect of certain activities carried on by or on

behalf of the Commonwealth and Commonwealthauthorities; and

to protect, restore and enhance the quality ofthe environment in Australia, having regard to

the need to maintain ecologically sustainabledevelopment; and

to ensure that the community has access torelevant and meaningful information about


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lecture-9-group prsentations on international environmental policies and regulations-01022013

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