lecture 9. performance of contract - part 2

Chartered Accountancy Session 1, Section B CPT Course Mercantile Law Lecture 9 – Performanc e of Contract – Part 2 Quick Revision Notes Effect of failure to perform at a time fixed in a c ontract in which time is essential “When party to a contract promises to do certain thing at or before the specified time, or certain things a t or before the specified time, and fails to do any such thing at or before the specified time, the contract, or so much of it as has not been performed, becomes voidable at the option of the promisee, if the intention of the parties was that time should b e of essence of the contract.” 1 Appropriation of Payments “Where a debtor owing several distinct debts to one person, makes a payment to him either with express intimation or under circumstances implying that the payment is to be applied to the discharge of some particular debt, the payment, if accepted, must be applied accordingly ” “Where neither party makes any appropriation, the payment shall be applied in discharge of the debts in order of time, whether they are or are not barred by the law in force for the time being as to the limitation of suits. If the debts are of equal standing the payment shall be applied in discharg e of each proportionately ” 3 © ICAI Impossibility of performance “An agreement to do an act impossible in itself is void. A contract to do an act which, after the contract is made, becomes impossible, or, by reason of some event which the promisor could not prevent, unlawful, becomes void when the act becomes impossible or unlawful.” 2 Contracts which need not be performed “If the parties to a contract agree to substitute a new contract for it, or to rescind or alter it, the original contract need not be performed” 4 Promisee may waive or remit performance of promis e “Every promisee may dispense with or remit, wholly or in part, the performance of the promise made to him, or may extend the time for such performance or may accept instead of its any satisfaction which he thinks fit” 5 Restoration of benefit under a voidable contract “When a person at whose option a contract is voidable rescinds it, the other party thereto need not perform any promise therein contained in which he is the promisor. The party rescinding a voidable contra ct shall, if he has received any benefit thereunder from another party to such contract, restore such benefit, so far as may be, to the person from whom it was received.” 6 Obligation of person who has received advantage under void agreement or one becoming void “When an agreement is discovered to be void or when a contract becomes void, any person who received any advantage under such agreement or contract must restore it, makes compensation for it to the person from whom he received it.” 7 Discharge of a Contract 1. Discharge by performance 2. Discharge by mutual agreement 3. Discharge by impossibility of performance 4. Discharge by lapse of time 5. Discharge by operation of law 6. Discharge by breach of contract 7. Discharge by remission 8 8. Discharge by accord and satisfaction 9. Discharge by neglect or refusal

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Page 1: Lecture 9. Performance of Contract - Part 2

7/24/2019 Lecture 9. Performance of Contract - Part 2

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Chartered Accountancy Session 1, Section BCPT Course Mercantile Law

Lecture 9 – Performance of Contract – Part 2 Quick Revision Notes

Effect of failure to perform at a time fixed in a contract in which time is essential

“When party to a contract promises to do certain thing at or before the specified time, or certain things a tor before the specified time, and fails to do any such thing at or before the specified time, the contract, or somuch of it as has not been performed, becomes voidable at the option of the promisee, if the intention of the

parties was that time should b e of essence of the contract.”

Appropriation of Payments“Where a debtor owing several distinct debts to one person, makes

a payment to him either with express intimation or undercircumstances implying that the payment is to be applied to the

discharge of some particular debt, the payment, if accepted, must beapplied accordingly ”

“Where neither party makes any appropriation, the payment shallbe applied in discharge of the debts in order of time, whether theyare or are not barred by the law in force for the time being as to

the limitation of suits. If the debts are of equal standing the payment shall be applied in discharge of each proportionately ”

Impossibility of performance

“An agreement to do an act impossible in itself is void. A contract todo an act which, after the contract is made, becomes impossible, or, byreason of some event which the promisor could not prevent, unlawful,

becomes void when the act becomes impossible or unlawful.”

Contracts which need not be performed

“If the parties to a contract agree to substitute a

new contract for it, or to rescind or alter it, theoriginal contract need not be performed”

Promisee may waive or remit

performance of promise“Every promisee may dispense with or remit,

wholly or in part, the performance of the promisemade to him, or may extend the time for such performance or may accept instead of its any

satisfaction which he thinks fit”

Restoration of benefit under a voidable contract

“When a person at whose option a contract isvoidable rescinds it, the other party thereto

need not perform any promise thereincontained in which he is the promisor. The

party rescinding a voidable contract shall, if hehas received any benefit thereunder from