lecture notes csc111 - clark science center · 2015-09-21 · lecture notes csc111 week 3 — sept...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
mith College
Computer Science
Dominique Thiébaut [email protected]
Lecture Notes CSC111
Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Chapter 3 in Zelle
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Finish Exercise from last week
(printing bar graph)…
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Midterm Exam: Friday Oct. 16th
In class, 1 hour 10 min
On paper
Closed books
Closed notes
Closed computers
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
When computers were human, a talk by David Grier: start at 28m12s, for 4 minutes.
http://youtu.be/YwqltwvPnkw?t=28m12s
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Arithmetic operators and math functions
Printing numbers to look "nice"
Using a main() function
Accumulating results
What are bits?
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Arithmetic OperatorsOperator Name Result
+ sum float if 1 side is float, else int
- subtraction float if 1 side is float, else int
* multiplication float if 1 side is float, else int
/ real division float
// integer division int
% modulo int
** exponentiation float if 1 side is float, else int
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Demo Time!
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Exercise: Writing a Teller Machine
Program
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
How much money do you want to withdraw?
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
How much money do you want to withdraw? 139
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
How much money do you want to withdraw? 139
Please find the following bills below: 6 $20-bill(s) 1 $10-bill(s) 1 $5-bill(s) 4 $1-bill(s)
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Programming Time!
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Arithmetic operators and math functions
Printing numbers to look "nice"
Using a main() function
Accumulating results
What are bits?
![Page 15: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name: Alex age: 12 coefficient: 6.18888888 /20 name: Anastasia age: 22 coefficient: 8 /20
Current output
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name: Alex age: 12 coefficient: 6.18888888 /20 name: Anastasia age: 22 coefficient: 8 /20
Current output
String IntFloat
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name: Alex age: 12 coefficient: 6.18888888 /20 name: Anastasia age: 22 coefficient: 8 /20
name: Alex age: 12 coefficient: 6.19/20 name: Anastasia age: 22 coefficient: 8.00/20
Current output
Wanted output
(See Section 5.8.2 in Zelle)
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name = "Alex" "name: {0:10}X" . format( name )
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name = "Alex" “name: {0:10}X" . format( name )
'name: X' 1234567890
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name = "Alex" 0th "name: {0:10}X" . format( name )
'name: X' 1234567890
'name: Alex X' 1234567890
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name = "Alex" "name: {0:10}X" . format( name )
'name: X' 1234567890
'name: Alex X' 123456789
'name: Alex X'
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name1 = "Alex" name2 = "Anastasia""names: {0:10}X{1:10}Y" . format( name1, name2 )
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name1 = "Alex" name2 = "Anastasia""names: {0:10}X{1:10}Y" . format( name1, name2 )
"names: X Y" 1234567890 1234567890
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name1 = "Alex" name2 = "Anastasia" 0 1"names: {0:10}X{1:10}Y" . format( name1, name2 )
"names: X Y" 1234567890 1234567890
"names: Alex XAnastasia Y" 1234567890 1234567890
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name1 = "Alex" name2 = "Anastasia" 0 1"names: {0:10}X{1:10}Y" . format( name1, name2 )
"names: X Y" 1234567890 1234567890
"names: Alex XAnastasia Y" 1234567890 1234567890
"names: Alex XAnastasia Y"
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name1 = "Alex" name2 = "Anastasia" 0 1"names: {0:10}X{1:10}Y" . format( name1, name2 )
"names: X Y" 1234567890 1234567890
"names: Alex XAnastasia Y" 1234567890 1234567890
"names: Alex XAnastasia Y"
What about right-justification?
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
We stopped here last time…
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name1 = "Alex" name2 = "Anastasia" 0 1"names: {0:>10}X{1:>10}Y". format( name1, name2 )
"names: X Y" 1234567890 1234567890
"names: AlexX AnastasiaY" 1234567890 1234567890
"names: AlexX AnastasiaY"
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Bar Graph Exercise (revisited)
First name? DominiqueLast name? ThiebautId? 990123456Final grade? 90
+———————————————————————————————————-———————————-+|Dominique Thiebaut 990123456 |+———————————————————————————————————-———————————-+ 00...10...20...30...40...50...60...70...80...90...100grade: #############################################class: ########################################
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
It works the same for integers!
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name1 = "Alex" age = 22 0 1"name: {0:10} age: {1:3}!". format( name1, age )
"name: age: !" 1234567890 123
"name: Alex age: 22!" 1234567890 123
"name: Alex age: 22!"
Ints areautomaticallyright-aligned
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name1 = "Alex" age = 22 0 1"name: {0:10} age: {1:<3}!". format( name1, age )
"name: age: !" 1234567890 123
"name: Alex age: 22 !" 1234567890 123
"name: Alex age: 22 !"
Use '<' to left-align
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Floats are a bit different… We need to specify
a total number of digits, and a number of digits after the decimal point.
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Pi = 3.141592653589793
"Pi ={0:10.2f}#" . format( Pi )
"Pi = #" 1234567890
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Pi = 3.141592653589793
"Pi ={0:10.2f}#" . format( Pi )
"Pi = #" 1234567890 12
"Pi = 3.14#" 1234567890 12
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
We can left- and right-alignfloats with '<' and '>' as well…
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
name1 = "Alex"age1 = 12coef1 = 6.188888name2 = "Anastasia"age2 = 22coef2 = 8
print( ??? .format( name1, age1, coef1 ) )print( ??? .format( name2, age2, coef2 ) )
name: Alex age: 12 coefficient: 6.19/20name: Anastasia age: 22 coefficient: 8.00/20 1234567890 123 123456 12
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Arithmetic operators and math functions
Printing numbers to look "nice"
Using a main() function
Accumulating results
What are bits?
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
print( "Hello world!" )print( "Welcome to CSC111!" )
def main():print( "Hello world!" )print( "Welcome to CSC111" )
main()
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
def main():print( "Hello world!" )print( "Welcome to CSC111" )
main()
Hello world! Welcome to CSC111
Read
Execute
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
def main():print( "Hello world!" )print( "Welcome to CSC111" )
main()main()
Hello world! Welcome to CSC111 Hello world! Welcome to CSC111
Read
ExecuteExecute
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Function Syntax
def <name> ( <parameters> ): <body>
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Demo Time!
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Arithmetic operators and math functions
Printing numbers to look "nice"
Using a main() function
Accumulating results
What are bits?
![Page 45: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Compute the Sum of Several Numbers.
ages = [12, 14, 10]
sumAge = ?
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Compute the Sum of Several Numbers.
ages = [12, 14, 10]
sumAge = ?
# review printing all elements of a listfor age in [12, 14, 10]:
print( age )
12 14 10
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Compute the Sum of Several Numbers.
ages = [12, 14, 10]
sumAge = ?
# review printing all elements of a listfor age in [12, 14, 10]:
print( age )
12 14 10
0 <— sumAge 0+12 = 12 <— sumAge 12+14 = 26 <— sumAge 26+10 = 36 <— sumAge
<—Algorithm for sum
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Compute the Sum of Several Numbers.
ages = [12, 14, 10]
sumAge = 0
# review printing all elements of a listfor age in [12, 14, 10]:
#print( age )sumAge = sumAge + age
0 <— sumAge 0+12 = 12 <— sumAge 12+14 = 26 <— sumAge 26+10 = 36 <— sumAge
<— new code
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Compute the Sum of Several Numbers.
ages = [12, 14, 10]
sumAge = 0
# review printing all elements of a listfor age in [12, 14, 10]:
#print( age )sumAge = sumAge + age
print( "sum = ", sumAge )
sum = 36
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
ExercisesCompute is the sum of all the integers between 1 and 10
Compute is the sum of all the multiples of 6 between 0 and 100,included
Compute is the sum of all the integers between 1 and 1000
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
More Exercises
Using the same approach, write a loop that creates a string of special characters, defined by a list of values: Example: [ 3, 2, 1, 5] would result in "###++#+++++"
[1,2,1,3,4] would result in "#++#+###++++"
Compute is the factorial of 5 (factorial of 5 = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1)
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
Arithmetic operators and math functions
Printing numbers to look "nice"
Using a main() function
Accumulating results
What are bits?
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
MATH
Number Systems 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
![Page 54: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
MATH
Number Systems 0 0 1 1 2 10 3 11 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 8 1000 9 1001 10 1010
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
MATH
Number Systems 0 0 1 1 2 10 3 11 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 8 1000 9 1001 10 1010
BOOLEANLOGIC
True False AND
OR NOT
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
MATH
Number Systems 0 0 1 1 2 10 3 11 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 8 1000 9 1001 10 1010
BOOLEANLOGIC
True False AND
OR NOT
Claude Shannon
![Page 57: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
MATH
Number Systems 0 0 1 1 2 10 3 11 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 8 1000 9 1001 10 1010
BOOLEANLOGIC
True False AND
OR NOT
Claude Shannon
ENGINEERING
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
MATH
Number Systems 0 0 1 1 2 10 3 11 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 8 1000 9 1001 10 1010
BOOLEANLOGIC
True False AND
OR NOT
Claude Shannon
ENGINEERING
![Page 59: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
MATH
Number Systems 0 0 1 1 2 10 3 11 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 8 1000 9 1001 10 1010
BOOLEANLOGIC
True False AND
OR NOT
Claude Shannon
ENGINEERING
COMPUTERS
![Page 60: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND
OR
NOT
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND
OR
NOT
True
False
False
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND
OR
NOT
True
True
True
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND
OR
NOT
False
TrueTrue
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND
OR
NOTFalseTrue
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND
OR
NOT
01
0
11
0
10
![Page 66: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND
OR
NOT
01
0
11
0
10
Can be built with a few transistors
Can use electricityto represent 0 and 1
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND NOT
NOT AND
1
1
001
1
1 0
![Page 68: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND NOT
NOT AND
1
1
001
1
1 0 0
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND NOT
NOT AND
1
1
001
1
1 0 00
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND NOT
NOT AND
1
1
001
1
1 0 000
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND NOT
NOT AND
1
1
001
1
1 0 000 1
![Page 72: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND NOT
NOT AND
1
1
01
1
1 0 100 1
0 1
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND NOT
NOT AND
1
1
01
1
1 0 100 1
0 11
![Page 74: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND NOT
NOT AND
1
1
01
1
1 0 100 1
0 110
![Page 75: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND NOT
NOT AND
1
1
01
1
1 0 100 1
0 110
0
![Page 76: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND NOT
NOT AND
1
110 1
110
0
![Page 77: Lecture Notes CSC111 - Clark Science Center · 2015-09-21 · Lecture Notes CSC111 Week 3 — Sept 21, 2015. D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College Chapter 3 in Zelle. D. Thiebaut,](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043011/5fa36dd02fb5730ec93a1b57/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
AND NOT
NOT AND
1
110 1
110
0
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
• A bit is a device that stores either 1 or 0
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
• A bit is a device that stores either 1 or 0
• By extension, a bit is either 1 or 0
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
• A bit is a device that stores either 1 or 0
• By extension, a bit is either 1 or 0
• A bit is a unit of information
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
• A bit is a device that stores either 1 or 0
• By extension, a bit is either 1 or 0
• A bit is a unit of information
• 2 bits take on 1 of 4 states: 00, 01, 10, 11
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
• A bit is a device that stores either 1 or 0
• By extension, a bit is either 1 or 0
• A bit is a unit of information
• 2 bits take on 1 of 4 states: 00, 01, 10, 11
• 3 bits: 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
• A bit is a device that stores either 1 or 0
• By extension, a bit is either 1 or 0
• A bit is a unit of information
• 2 bits take on 1 of 4 states: 00, 01, 10, 11
• 3 bits: 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111
• 8 bits = 1 byte00000000, 00000001, … to 11111111 256 possible combinations of 0s and 1s
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaTywFdZrOk
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D. Thiebaut, Computer Science, Smith College
A 01000001
0110 1001 1001 1111 1001 1001
10001000 01101010 00001000RED GREEN BLUE
Character
Pixel