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Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 5590Edited by R. Goebel, J. Siekmann, and W. Wahlster
Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Claudio Sossai Gaetano Chemello (Eds.)
Symbolic and QuantitativeApproaches to Reasoningwith Uncertainty
10th European Conference, ECSQARU 2009Verona, Italy, July 1-3, 2009Proceedings
13
Series Editors
Randy Goebel, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CanadaJörg Siekmann, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, GermanyWolfgang Wahlster, DFKI and University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
Volume Editors
Claudio SossaiISIB-CNRCorso Stati Uniti 435127 Padova, ItalyE-mail: [email protected]
Gaetano ChemelloISIB-CNRCorso Stati Uniti, 435127 Padova, ItalyE-mail: [email protected]
Library of Congress Control Number: Applied for
CR Subject Classification (1998): I.2, F.4.1, F.3, F.4, I.2.3, I.2.4
LNCS Sublibrary: SL 7 – Artificial Intelligence
ISSN 0302-9743ISBN-10 3-642-02905-1 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New YorkISBN-13 978-3-642-02905-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material isconcerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publicationor parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965,in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liableto prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
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Preface
These are the proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Symbolic andQuantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty, ECSQARU 2009, heldin Verona (Italy), July 1–3, 2009.
The biennial ECSQARU conferences are a major forum for advances in thetheory and practice of reasoning under uncertainty. The first ECSQARU confer-ence was held in Marseille (1991), and since then it has been held in Granada(1993), Fribourg (1995), Bonn (1997), London (1999), Toulouse (2001), Aalborg(2003), Barcelona (2005) and Hammamet (2007).
The 76 papers gathered in this volume were selected out of 118 submissionsfrom 34 countries, after a rigorous review process. In addition, the conferenceincluded invited lectures by three outstanding researchers in the area: IsabelleBloch (“Fuzzy and bipolar mathematical morphology, applications in spatialreasoning”), Petr Cintula (“From (deductive) fuzzy logic to (logic-based) fuzzymathematics”), and Daniele Mundici (“Conditionals and independence in many-valued logics”).
Two special sessions were presented during the conference: “Conditioning, in-dependence, inference” (organized by Giulianella Coletti and Barbara Vantaggi)and “Mathematical fuzzy logic” (organized by Stefano Aguzzoli, Brunella Gerla,Lluıs Godo, Vincenzo Marra, Franco Montagna)
On the whole, the program of the conference provided a broad, rich andup-to-date perspective of the current high-level research in the area which isreflected in the contents of this volume.
We would like to thank the members of the Program Committee, the ad-ditional reviewers, the invited speakers, the organizers of the special sessionsand the members of the Organizing Committee for their support in making thisconference successful. We also thank the creators and maintainers of the freeconference management system EasyChair (http://www.easychair.org).
Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the sponsoring institutions for their sup-port.
April 2009 Claudio SossaiGaetano Chemello
Organization
ECSQARU 2009 was organized by the Institute of Biomedical Engineering of theItalian National Research Council (ISIB-CNR, Padova) and by the Departmentof Computer Science of the University of Verona.
Executive Committee
Conference Chair Claudio Sossai (ISIB-CNR, Italy)Organizing Committee Paolo Bison (ISIB-CNR, Italy)
Claudio Cavaggion (ISIB-CNR, Italy)Gaetano Chemello (ISIB-CNR, Italy)Matteo Cristani (University of Verona, Italy)Elisabetta Di Prisco (Ecsqaru Verona 2009, Italy)Paolo Fiorini (University of Verona, Italy)Massimiliano Giacomin (University of Brescia, Italy)Gianni Perbellini (Ecsqaru Verona 2009, Italy)Silvia Zoletto (ISIB-CNR, Italy)
Program Committee
Stefano Aguzzoli (Italy)Alain Appriou (France)Nahla Ben Amor (Tunisia)Boutheina Ben Yaghlane (Tunisia)Salem Benferhat (France)Philippe Besnard (France)Isabelle Bloch (France)Gerd Brewka (Germany)Claudette Cayrol (France)Gaetano Chemello (Italy)Carlos Chesnevar (Argentina)Laurence Cholvy (France)Agata Ciabattoni (Austria)Giulianella Coletti (Italy)Fabio Cozman (Brazil)Fabio Cuzzolin (UK)Luıs Miguel de Campos (Spain)Gert de Cooman (Belgium)James P. Delgrande (Canada)Thierry Denoeux (France)Antonio di Nola (Italy)
Marek Druzdzel (USA)Didier Dubois (France)Zied Elouedi (Tunisia)Francesc Esteva (Spain)Paolo Fiorini (Italy)Hector Geffner (Spain)Brunella Gerla (Italy)Massimiliano Giacomin (Italy)Angelo Gilio (Italy)Lluıs Godo (Spain)Michel Grabisch (France)Petr Hajek (Czech Republic)Andreas Herzig (France)Eyke Hullermeier (Germany)Anthony Hunter (UK)Katsumi Inoue (Japan)Gabriele Kern-Isberner (Germany)Ivan Kramosil (Czech Republic)Rudolf Kruse (Germany)Jerome Lang (France)Pedro Larranaga (Spain)
VIII Organization
Jonathan Lawry (UK)Churn-Jung Liau (Taiwan)Paolo Liberatore (Italy)Weiru Liu (UK)Thomas Lukasiewicz (Italy)Pierre Marquis (France)Vincenzo Marra (Italy)Khaled Mellouli (Tunisia)Luıs Moniz Pereira (Portugal)Franco Montagna (Italy)Serafın Moral (Spain)Thomas Dyhre Nielsen (Denmark)Kristian G. Olesen (Denmark)Ewa Orlowska (Poland)Odile Papini (France)Simon Parsons (USA)Ramon Pino-Perez (Venezuela)
David Poole (Canada)Henri Prade (France)Maria Rifqi (France)Alessandro Saffiotti (Sweden)Sandra Sandri (Spain)Torsten Schaub (Germany)Romano Scozzafava (Italy)Prakash P. Shenoy (USA)Guillermo Simari (Argentina)Enric Trillas (Spain)Linda van der Gaag (The Netherlands)Leon van der Torre (The Netherlands)Barbara Vantaggi (Italy)Emil Weydert (Luxembourg)Mary-Anne Williams (Australia)Nevin L. Zhang (Hong Kong, China)
Additional Reviewers
Teresa AlsinetMohamed Anis Bach TobjiMarco BaiolettiPhilippe BalbianiMatteo BianchiMartin CaminadaAndrea CapotortiWalter CarnielliFederico CeruttiTao ChenSylvie Coste-MarquisAndrei DoncescuPhan Minh DungTommaso FlaminioAlfredo GabaldonFabio GadducciCipriano GalindoPere Garcıa-CalvesMartin GebserDaniele GenitoHerve GlotinJoanna Golinska-PilarekStijn HeymansAndrzej HildebrandtSzymon JaroszewiczReinhard Kahle
Petri KontkanenSylvain LagrueAda LettieriJianbing MaEnrico MarchioniChristophe MarsalaMarie-Helene MassonChristian MoewesDaniele MundiciPascal NicolasDavid Picado MuinoGabriella PigozziValentina PoggioniBenjamin QuostThorsteinn RognvaldssonPavel RusnokGeorg RußChiaki SakamaMatthias SteinbrecherUmberto StracciaCarlos UzcateguiYi WangGregory WheelerRoland WinklerEric WurbelAnbu Yue
Organization IX
Sponsoring Institutions
Institute of Biomedical Engineering (ISIB-CNR), PadovaDepartment of Computer Science, University of VeronaFondazione Arena di Verona
Table of Contents
Invited Talks
Fuzzy and Bipolar Mathematical Morphology, Applications in SpatialReasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Isabelle Bloch
From (Deductive) Fuzzy Logic to (Logic-Based) Fuzzy Mathematics . . . . 14Petr Cintula
Conditionals and Independence in Many-Valued Logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Daniele Mundici
Algorithms for Uncertain Inference
Inference from Multinomial Data Based on a MLE-DominanceCriterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Alessio Benavoli and Cassio P. de Campos
Local Computation Schemes with Partially Ordered Preferences . . . . . . . 34Helene Fargier and Nic Wilson
Inference in Hybrid Bayesian Networks with Deterministic Variables . . . . 46Prakash P. Shenoy and James C. West
Argumentation Systems
Extracting the Core of a Persuasion Dialog to Evaluate Its Quality . . . . . 59Leila Amgoud and Florence Dupin de Saint-Cyr
On Revising Argumentation-Based Decision Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Leila Amgoud and Srdjan Vesic
Encompassing Attacks to Attacks in Abstract ArgumentationFrameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Pietro Baroni, Federico Cerutti, Massimiliano Giacomin, andGiovanni Guida
Social Argument Justification: Some Mechanisms and Conditions forTheir Coincidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Gustavo Adrian Bodanza and Marcelo Roberto Auday
Dynamics in Argumentation with Single Extensions: AbstractionPrinciples and the Grounded Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Guido Boella, Souhila Kaci, and Leendert van der Torre
XII Table of Contents
An Algorithm for Generating Arguments in Classical Predicate Logic . . . 119Vasiliki Efstathiou and Anthony Hunter
Modelling Argument Accrual in Possibilistic Defeasible LogicProgramming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Mauro J. Gomez Lucero, Carlos I. Chesnevar, andGuillermo R. Simari
Generalized Abstract Argumentation: Handling Arguments in FOLFragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Martın O. Moguillansky, Nicolas D. Rotstein,Marcelo A. Falappa, and Guillermo R. Simari
Bayesian Networks
Probability Density Estimation by Perturbing and Combining TreeStructured Markov Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Sourour Ammar, Philippe Leray, Boris Defourny, andLouis Wehenkel
Integrating Ontological Knowledge for Iterative Causal Discovery andVisualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Montassar Ben Messaoud, Philippe Leray, and Nahla Ben Amor
Binary Probability Trees for Bayesian Networks Inference . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Andres Cano, Manuel Gomez-Olmedo, and Serafın Moral
Marginals of DAG-Isomorphic Independence Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Peter R. de Waal
The Probabilistic Interpretation of Model-Based Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . 204Ildiko Flesch and Peter J.F. Lucas
Simplifying Learning in Non-repetitive Dynamic Bayesian Networks . . . . 216Ildiko Flesch and Eric O. Postma
Surprise-Based Qualitative Probabilistic Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Zina M. Ibrahim, Ahmed Y. Tawfik, and Alioune Ngom
Maximum Likelihood Learning of Conditional MTE Distributions . . . . . . 240Helge Langseth, Thomas D. Nielsen, Rafael Rumı, andAntonio Salmeron
Belief Functions
A Generalization of the Pignistic Transform for Partial Bet . . . . . . . . . . . . 252Thomas Burger and Alice Caplier
Table of Contents XIII
Using Logic to Understand Relations between DSmT andDempster-Shafer Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Laurence Cholvy
Complexes of Outer Consonant Approximations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Fabio Cuzzolin
The Intersection Probability and Its Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287Fabio Cuzzolin
Can the Minimum Rule of Possibility Theory Be Extended to BeliefFunctions? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Sebastien Destercke and Didier Dubois
Capacity Refinements and Their Application to Qualitative DecisionEvaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Didier Dubois and Helene Fargier
Belief Functions and Cluster Ensembles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323Marie-Helene Masson and Thierry Denoeux
Upper Probabilities Attainable by Distributions of MeasurableSelections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Enrique Miranda, Ines Couso, and Pedro Gil
Belief Revision and Inconsistency Handling
Merging Qualitative Constraints Networks Using Propositional Logic . . . 347Jean-Francois Condotta, Souhila Kaci, Pierre Marquis, andNicolas Schwind
Distance-Based Semantics for C-Structure Belief Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359Omar Doukari, Eric Wurbel, and Robert Jeansoulin
Merging Belief Bases Represented by Logic Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371Julien Hue, Odile Papini, and Eric Wurbel
Knowledge Base Stratification and Merging Based on Degree ofSupport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Anthony Hunter and Weiru Liu
Using Transfinite Ordinal Conditional Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396Sebastien Konieczny
The Non-archimedean Polynomials and Merging of StratifiedKnowledge Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Jianbing Ma, Weiru Liu, and Anthony Hunter
XIV Table of Contents
Encoding the Revision of Partially Preordered Information in AnswerSet Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Mariette Serayet, Pierre Drap, and Odile Papini
A Distance-Based Operator to Revising Ontologies in DL SHOQ . . . . . . 434Fangkai Yang, Guilin Qi, and Zhisheng Huang
Classification and Clustering
An Experimental Study about Simple Decision Trees for BaggingEnsemble on Datasets with Classification Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Joaquın Abellan and Andres R. Masegosa
Incremental Maintenance of Frequent Itemsets in EvidentialDatabases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Mohamed Anis Bach Tobji, Boutheina Ben Yaghlane, andKhaled Mellouli
A Bayesian Random Split to Build Ensembles of Classification Trees . . . 469Andres Cano, Andres R. Masegosa, and Serafın Moral
HODE: Hidden One-Dependence Estimator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481M. Julia Flores, Jose A. Gamez, Ana M. Martınez, andJose M. Puerta
On the Effectiveness of Diversity When Training Multiple ClassifierSystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
David Gacquer, Veronique Delcroix, Francois Delmotte, andSylvain Piechowiak
On the Use of Clustering in Possibilistic Decision Tree Induction . . . . . . . 505Ilyes Jenhani, Salem Benferhat, and Zied Elouedi
When in Doubt . . . Be Indecisive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518Linda C. van der Gaag, Silja Renooij, Wilma Steeneveld, andHenk Hogeveen
Conditioning, Independence, Inference
Acyclic Directed Graphs to Represent Conditional IndependenceModels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Marco Baioletti, Giuseppe Busanello, and Barbara Vantaggi
Towards a Conscious Choice of a Similarity Measure: A QualitativePoint of View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
Bernadette Bouchon-Meunier, Giulianella Coletti,Marie-Jeanne Lesot, and Maria Rifqi
Table of Contents XV
Integrated Likelihood in a Finitely Additive Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554Giulianella Coletti, Romano Scozzafava, and Barbara Vantaggi
Triangulation Heuristics for BN2O Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566Petr Savicky and Jirı Vomlel
Default Reasoning
A Default Logic Patch for Default Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578Philippe Besnard, Eric Gregoire, and Sebastien Ramon
A Note on Cumulative Stereotypical Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590Giovanni Casini and Hykel Hosni
Realizing Default Logic over Description Logic Knowledge Bases . . . . . . 602Minh Dao-Tran, Thomas Eiter, and Thomas Krennwallner
Dealing Automatically with Exceptions by Introducing Specificity inASP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
Laurent Garcia, Stephane Ngoma, and Pascal Nicolas
Foundations of Reasoning and Decision Makingunder Uncertainty
Generalised Label Semantics as a Model of Epistemic Vagueness . . . . . . . 626Jonathan Lawry and Ines Gonzalez-Rodrıguez
Handling Analogical Proportions in Classical Logic and Fuzzy LogicsSettings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
Laurent Miclet and Henri Prade
Qualitative Possibilities and Necessities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651Aleksandar Perovic, Zoran Ognjanovic, Miodrag Raskovic, andZoran Markovic
Probabilistic Reasoning by SAT Solvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663Emad Saad
Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic
Supporting Fuzzy Rough Sets in Fuzzy Description Logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676Fernando Bobillo and Umberto Straccia
Possibilistic Measures Taking Their Values in Spaces Given byInclusion-Closed Fragments of Power-Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
Ivan Kramosil
XVI Table of Contents
Different Representations of Fuzzy Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700Jiuzhen Liang, Mirko Navara, and Thomas Vetterlein
Elicitating Sugeno Integrals: Methodology and a Case Study . . . . . . . . . . 712Henri Prade, Agnes Rico, Mathieu Serrurier, and Eric Raufaste
Implementation and Applications of UncertainSystems
Robust Gene Selection from Microarray Data with a Novel MarkovBoundary Learning Method: Application to Diabetes Analysis . . . . . . . . . 724
Alex Aussem, Sergio Rodrigues de Morais, Florence Perraud, andSophie Rome
Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Support Vector Machines . . . . . . . . . . . 736Raouia Ayachi and Nahla Ben Amor
Ensemble Learning for Multi-source Information Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748Jorg Beyer, Kai Heesche, Werner Hauptmann, Clemens Otte, andRudolf Kruse
Bayesian Belief Network for Tsunami Warning Decision Support . . . . . . . 757Lilian Blaser, Matthias Ohrnberger, Carsten Riggelsen, andFrank Scherbaum
Anti-division Queries with Ordinal Layered Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769Patrick Bosc, Olivier Pivert, and Olivier Soufflet
Predicting Stock and Portfolio Returns Using Mixtures of TruncatedExponentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781
Barry R. Cobb, Rafael Rumı, and Antonio Salmeron
Logics for Reasoning under Uncertainty
Non-deterministic Distance Semantics for Handling Incomplete andInconsistent Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793
Ofer Arieli and Anna Zamansky
A Simple Modal Logic for Reasoning about Revealed Beliefs . . . . . . . . . . . 805Mohua Banerjee and Didier Dubois
Complexity and Cautiousness Results for Reasoning from PartiallyPreordered Belief Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
Salem Benferhat and Safa Yahi
A Logic for Complete Information Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829Md. Aquil Khan and Mohua Banerjee
Table of Contents XVII
Markov Decision Processes
An Uncertainty-Based Belief Selection Method for POMDP ValueIteration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
Qi Feng, Xuezhong Zhou, Houkuan Huang, and Xiaoping Zhang
Optimal Threshold Policies for Multivariate Stopping-TimePOMDPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850
Vikram Krishnamurthy
An Evidential Measure of Risk in Evidential Markov Chains . . . . . . . . . . . 863Helene Soubaras
Mathematical Fuzzy Logic
Algebras of Fuzzy Sets in Logics Based on Continuous TriangularNorms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
Stefano Aguzzoli, Brunella Gerla, and Vincenzo Marra
Soft Constraints Processing over Divisible Residuated Lattices . . . . . . . . . 887Simone Bova
On the Convergence with Fixed Regulator in Residuated Structures . . . . 899Lavinia Corina Ciungu
Open Partitions and Probability Assignments in Godel Logic . . . . . . . . . . 911Pietro Codara, Ottavio M. D’Antona, and Vincenzo Marra
Exploring Extensions of Possibilistic Logic over Godel Logic . . . . . . . . . . . 923Pilar Dellunde, Lluıs Godo, and Enrico Marchioni
Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935