lecture notes in computer science 4085 - springer978-3-540-37216-5/1.pdf · lecture notes in...

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Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Oscar Nierstrasz University of Bern, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen University of Dortmund, Germany Madhu Sudan Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Moshe Y. Vardi Rice University, Houston, TX, USA Gerhard Weikum Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science, Saarbruecken, Germany

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Page 1: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 - Springer978-3-540-37216-5/1.pdf · Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors:

Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085Commenced Publication in 1973Founding and Former Series Editors:Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

Editorial Board

David HutchisonLancaster University, UK

Takeo KanadeCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Josef KittlerUniversity of Surrey, Guildford, UK

Jon M. KleinbergCornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

Friedemann MatternETH Zurich, Switzerland

John C. MitchellStanford University, CA, USA

Moni NaorWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

Oscar NierstraszUniversity of Bern, Switzerland

C. Pandu RanganIndian Institute of Technology, Madras, India

Bernhard SteffenUniversity of Dortmund, Germany

Madhu SudanMassachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA

Demetri TerzopoulosUniversity of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Doug TygarUniversity of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

Moshe Y. VardiRice University, Houston, TX, USA

Gerhard WeikumMax-Planck Institute of Computer Science, Saarbruecken, Germany

Page 2: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 - Springer978-3-540-37216-5/1.pdf · Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors:

Jayadev Misra Tobias NipkowEmil Sekerinski (Eds.)

FM 2006:Formal Methods

14th International Symposium on Formal MethodsHamilton, Canada, August 21-27, 2006Proceedings

13

Page 3: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 - Springer978-3-540-37216-5/1.pdf · Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors:

Volume Editors

Jayadev MisraUniversity of Texas at AustinDepartment of Computer Sciences, Taylor Hall1 University Station, C0500, Austin, Texas 78712-1188, USAE-mail: [email protected]

Tobias NipkowTechnische Universität MünchenInstitut für InformatikBoltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, GermanyE-mail: [email protected]

Emil SekerinskiMcMaster UniversityDepartment of Computing and Software1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1 CanadaE-mail: [email protected]

Library of Congress Control Number: 2006930417

CR Subject Classification (1998): D.2, F.3, D.3, D.1, J.1, K.6, F.4

LNCS Sublibrary: SL 2 – Programming and Software Engineering

ISSN 0302-9743ISBN-10 3-540-37215-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New YorkISBN-13 978-3-540-37215-8 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material isconcerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publicationor parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965,in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liableto prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media

springer.com

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006Printed in Germany

Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, IndiaPrinted on acid-free paper SPIN: 11813040 06/3142 5 4 3 2 1 0

Page 4: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 - Springer978-3-540-37216-5/1.pdf · Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors:

Preface

This volume contains the proceedings of Formal Methods 2006, the 14thInternational Symposium on Formal Methods, held at McMaster University,Hamilton, Canada, during August 21-27, 2006. Formal Methods Europe (FME,www.fmeurope.org) is an independent association which aims to stimulate theuse of, and research on, formal methods for system development. The first sym-posium in this series was VDM Europe in 1987. The scope of the symposium hasgrown since then, encompassing all aspects of software and hardware which areamenable to formal analysis. As in the previous years, this symposium bringstogether researchers, tool developers, vendors and users.

We received 145 submissions from 31 countries, making it a truly interna-tional event. Each submission was carefully refereed by at least three reviewers.The Program Committee selected 36 papers for presentation at the symposium,after an intensive, in-depth discussion. We would like to thank all the ProgramCommittee members and the referees for their excellent and efficient work.

Apart from the regular contributions, there were five invited talks for thegeneral symposium (Ernie Cohen, Nicholas Griffin, Thomas A. Henzinger, PeterLindsay and George Necula); the contribution of Henzinger (with Sifakis as aco-author) and an abstract from Cohen are included in this volume.

Nicholas Griffin gave a general and informal talk about Russell’s work in logicand the foundations of mathematics in the early years of the twentieth century.It focussed on the philosophical views that underlay Russell’s attempts to solvethe Russell paradox (and several others) which culminated in the ramified theoryof types.

The FM 2006 symposium was planned to include four workshops and tentutorials. Additionally, there was a Doctoral Symposium which included presen-tations by doctoral students, and a Poster and Tool Exhibition.

An Industry Day was organized by the Formal Techniques Industrial Associ-ation (ForTIA) alongside the main symposium. This was directly related to themain theme of the symposium: the use of well-founded formal methods in theindustrial practice of software design, development and maintenance. The themeof the Industry Day in this symposium was “Formal Methods for Security andTrust in Industrial Applications.” There were eight invited talks for Industry Day(Randolph Johnson, Jan Jurjens, Scott A. Lintelman, Dusko Pavlovic, WernerStephan, Michael Waidner, Jim Woodcock and David von Oheimb); abbreviatedversions of some of the talks are included in this volume.

The electronic submission, refereeing and Program Committee discussionswould not have been possible without support of the EasyChair system, de-veloped by Andrei Voronkov at the University of Manchester, UK. In additionto developing a system of great flexibility, Andrei was available for help andadvice throughout; our heart-felt thanks to him. Our thanks to Springer, and,

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VI Preface

particularly, Ursula Barth, Anna Kramer and Frank Holzwarth, for help withpreparation of this volume.

August 2006 Jayadev MisraTobias NipkowEmil Sekerinski

Page 6: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 - Springer978-3-540-37216-5/1.pdf · Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors:

Symposium Organization

We are grateful to the Computing and Software Center at McMaster University,Hamilton, Canada and Formal Methods Europe for organizing FM 2006. Ourspecial thanks to the faculty, students and staff of McMaster University whovolunteered their time in the Organizing Committee.

Symposium Chairs

General Chair Emil Sekerinski, McMaster University, CanadaProgram Chairs Jayadev Misra, University of Texas, Austin, USA

Tobias Nipkow, Universitat Munchen, GermanyIndustry Day Chairs Volkmar Lotz, SAP Research Labs, France

Asuman Suenbuel, SAP Research Labs, USATools and Poster Chair Marsha Chechik, University of Toronto, CanadaWorkshops Chair Tom Maibaum, McMaster University, CanadaTutorials Chair Jin Song Dong, National University, SingaporeDoctoral Symposium Chair Ana Cavalcanti, University of York, UK

Augusto Sampaio, UFPE, BrazilJim Woodcock, University of York, UK

Sponsorship Chair Jurgen Dingel, Queen’s University, Canada

Organizing Committee at McMaster University

Publicity Wolfram Kahl, Alan Wassyng, Jeff ZuckerBook Exhibition Spencer SmithTools and Posters Spencer SmithSocial Events Ridha KhedriFacilities Co-ordination William Farmer, Mark LawfordEvents Co-ordination Ryszard JanickiFinances Ryszard JanickiWebsite Services Doris Burns, Jan Maibaum

Program Committee

Jean-Raymond Abrial, ETH, Zurich, SwitzerlandAlex Aiken, Stanford University, Stanford, USAKeijiro Araki, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, JapanRalph-Johan Back, Abo Akademi, Turku, Finland

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VIII Organization

Gilles Barthe, INRIA at Sophia-Antipolis, FranceDavid Basin, ETH, Zurich, SwitzerlandFrank de Boer, CWI, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsEd Brinksma, Embedded Systems Institute, Eindhoven, The NetherlandsMichael Butler, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKRance Cleaveland, University of Maryland, College Park, USAJorge Cuellar, Siemens Research, Munich, GermanyWerner Damm, OFFIS, Oldenburg, GermanyJavier Esparza, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, GermanyJose Fiadeiro, University of Leicester, UKSusanne Graf, Verimag, Grenoble, FranceIan Hayes, University of Queensland, Queensland, AustraliaGerard Holzmann, NASA/JPL Labs, Pasadena, USACliff Jones, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UKAxel van Lamsweerde, Universite Catholique de Louvain, BelgiumGary T. Leavens, Iowa State University, Ames, USARustan Leino, Microsoft Research, Redmond, USAXavier Leroy, INRIA, Rocquencourt, FranceDominique Mery, LORIA and Universite Henri Poincare, Nancy, FranceCarroll Morgan, University of New South Wales, NSW, AustraliaDavid Naumann, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, USAErnst-Rudiger Olderog, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, GermanyParitosh Pandya, TIFR, Mumbai, IndiaSriram Rajamani, Microsoft Research, Bangalore, IndiaJohn Rushby, SRI International, Menlo Park, USASteve Schneider, University of Surrey, Guildford, UKVitaly Shmatikov, University of Texas, Austin, USABernhard Steffen, University of Dortmund, Dortmund, GermanyP.S. Thiagarajan, National University of Singapore, SingaporeMartin Wirsing, Universitat Munchen, GermanyPierre Wolper, Universite de Liege, Liege, Belgium

External Reviewers

J. Abendroth Andrew Appel Krzysztof AptYuji Arichika Eugene Asarin Anindya BanerjeeMike Barnett Don Batory Maurice ter BeekYves Bertot Sylvie Boldo Marcello BonsangueLaura Brandan Briones Achim Brucker Dominique CansellDavid Carrington Paul Caspi Antonio CauPatrice Chalin Tom Chothia Dave ClarkeJoey Coleman Robert Colvin Olivier ConstantPhil Cook William Cook Karl CraryMaximiliano Cristia Adrian Curic Roberto Delicata

Page 8: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 - Springer978-3-540-37216-5/1.pdf · Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors:

Organization IX

Henning Dierks Juegen Doser Paul Hankes DrielsmaGuillaume Dufay Andy Edmunds Martin EllisE. Allen Emerson Neil Evans Dirk FahlandBernd Fischer John Fitzgerald Martin FranzleMarcelo Frias Paul Gibson Simon GoldsmithMadhu Gopinathan Bhargav Gulavani Christian HaackStefan Hallerstede Klaus Havelund James HeatherTobias Heindel Rolf Hennicker Martin HensonWim Hesselink Matthias Holzl Marieke HuismanHardi Hungar Daniel Jackson Suresh JagannathanJohan Jeuring Warren A. Hunt Jr. Sven JorgesAditya Kanade Stephanie Kemper Stefan KieferJoseph Kiniry Alexander Knapp Barbara KonigPiotr Kordy Piotr Kosiuczenko Pavel KrcalTomas Krilavicius Ingolf Krueger Wouter KuijperRuurd Kuiper Marcel Kyas Ralf LaemmelLinas Laibinis Rom Langerak Kim LarsenDavid Lesens Kamal Lodaya Antonia LopesMichael Luttenberger Monika Maidl Joao Marques-SilvaErik Arne Mathiesen Tim McComb Alistair McEwanFarhad Mehta Roland Meyer Ronald MiddelkoopAli Mili Antoine Mine Bill MitchellAnders Moller Michael Moller Peter MullerPrasad Naldurg Rocco De Nicola Aditya NoriDirk Nowotka Peter O’Hearn David von OheimbAnne Pacalet Joachim Parrow Dirk PattinsonMariela Pavlova Thomas Peikenkamp Simon Peyton-JonesDavid Pichardie Ken Pierce Jaco van de PolMike Poppleton Sanjiva Prasad Viorel PreoteasaAlexander Pretschner Cyril Proch Harald RaffeltHridesh Rajan H. Rajasekaran Axel RauschmayerAbdolbaghi Rezazadeh M. Birna van Riemsdijk RobbyAbhik Roychoudhury Oliver Ruething Theo RuysDavid Rydeheard Mannu Satpathy Andreas SchaferNorbert Schirmer Gerardo Schneider Stefan SchwoonPaul Sevinc Murali Sitaraman Graeme SmithColin Snook Martin Steffen Mark-Oliver StehrMarielle Stoelinga Ketil Stølen Harald StorrleDouglas Stuart Martyn Thomas Christian TopnikHelen Treharne Stavros Tripakis Emilio TuostoLaurent Voisin Marina de Vos Thomas WahlThai Son Wang Andrzej Wasowski Heike WehrheimBernd Westphal Luke Wildman Martin WildmoserJim Woodcock Fei Xie Alex YakovlevLetu Yang Pamela Zave Gefei Zhang

Page 9: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 - Springer978-3-540-37216-5/1.pdf · Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors:

X Organization

Sponsors

We are thankful for the organizational support from FME and Formal Tech-niques Industrial Association (ForTIA). We gratefully acknowledge sponsorshipsfrom the following organizations: Microsoft Research, Tourism Hamilton, SAPLabs France, Software Quality Research Laboratory of McMaster University,and Faculty of Engineering of McMaster University.

Page 10: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 - Springer978-3-540-37216-5/1.pdf · Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors:

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Page 11: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 - Springer978-3-540-37216-5/1.pdf · Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors:

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Page 12: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 - Springer978-3-540-37216-5/1.pdf · Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4085 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors:

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