Lecture Notes in Computer Science 9103

Commenced Publication in 1973Founding and Former Series Editors:Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

Editorial Board

David HutchisonLancaster University, Lancaster, UK

Takeo KanadeCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Josef KittlerUniversity of Surrey, Guildford, UK

Jon M. KleinbergCornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

Friedemann MatternETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland

John C. MitchellStanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

Moni NaorWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

C. Pandu RanganIndian Institute of Technology, Madras, India

Bernhard SteffenTU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany

Demetri TerzopoulosUniversity of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Doug TygarUniversity of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

Gerhard WeikumMax Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7409

Chris Biemann • Siegfried HandschuhAndré Freitas • Farid MezianeElisabeth Métais (Eds.)

Natural LanguageProcessing andInformation Systems20th International Conference on Applicationsof Natural Language to Information Systems,NLDB 2015Passau, Germany, June 17–19, 2015Proceedings

123

EditorsChris BiemannTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

Siegfried HandschuhUniversität PassauPassauGermany

André FreitasUniversität PassauPassauGermany

Farid MezianeUniversity of SalfordSalfordUK

Elisabeth MétaisConservatoire National des Arts et MétiersParisFrance

ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceISBN 978-3-319-19580-3 ISBN 978-3-319-19581-0 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-19581-0

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015939997

LNCS Sublibrary: SL3 – Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI

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Preface

We are living in a fascinating period, when the applications of natural language pro-cessing (NLP) are going mainstream. The maturity of the field has reached a stage inwhich its solidity can be witnessed in the adoption and uptake of its technologiesoutside the core NLP academic community. The success and visibility of softwaresystems such as IBM Watson, Siri, and Google Knowledge graph are incentivizing theincrease of interest in the field and the adoption of NLP in diverse areas.

The past two decades in which NLDB has been active were fundamental for theestablishment of the foundations and the further maturation of this field and NLDB canclaim the share of its contributions. During this time, NLDB has been one of the mainconferences for applications in NLP, in which researchers could find a sweet spotbetween rigorous scientific contributions and openness to new ideas and perspectives.Another notable characteristic that has been consistently present at NLDB is multidis-ciplinarity: NLDB has welcomed contributions from applications of NLP into differentareas, and has helped in bridging NLP to different communities and application fields.

This year’s NLDB featured a special track on natural language and its connection tosemantic and cognitive computing. Semantic computing aims at connecting the user’sinformation need with the meaning of content in a multidisciplinary fashion. Cognitivecomputing systems naturally interact with people and learn over time.

The NLDB 2015 program spanned a wide range of topics that all revolve around theuse of natural language to access information. Three invited speakers covered topics asdiverse as distributional semantics, computational humanities, and linked open data.Sessions comprised the following topics: unsupervised and semi-supervised machinelearning, information extraction, event extraction and named entity recognition, multi-lingual alignment and translation, sentiment detection and user-generated content pro-cessing, indexing and the lexicon, query processing, question answering, speechprocessing, and dialog systems. Last, but not least, the special session on semantic andcognitive computing attracted position papers and featured a sponsored talk by IBM.

NLDB 2015 had a higher number of submissions compared with previous years. Outof 100 submissions, 18 papers were accepted as full papers (18 % acceptance rate), 15 asshort papers (33 % acceptance rate) and 14 as posters and demos (47 % acceptance rate).A lot of work was involved in the careful selection of the papers and we would like tothank the Program Committee and reviewers for their hard work and dedication. Wewould also like to thank the invited speakers for their inspiring contributions to theprogram.

NLDB 2015 was held in the picturesque town of Passau. Dating back to Romantimes, Passau is located at the German-Austrian border and it is notable for being at theconvergence of three rivers (the Danube, the Inn, and the Ilz). Its location at the heart ofEurope and its proximity to different borders made Passau a natural confluence fordifferent cultures and influences, a fact that is embodied in its architecture that har-moniously blends German, Austrian, and Italian styles. Despite its openness, Passau is

deeply connected to its German and Bavarian traditions and symbols and offers a greatentry point for the German culture.

The conference was generously supported financially by the Insight Centre for DataAnalytics, the SSIX EU Project, IBM (Platinum Sponsors), by the University ofPassau, which hosted the conference, and by 3rdParty (Silver Sponsor). AdamantiosKoumpis, Stephanie Pauli, Elfried Kronawitter and Ulrike Holzapfel were fundamentalfor the organization of the conference, supporting the sponsorship, and in the localcoordination of the event.

In its 20th anniversary we would like to celebrate the effort behind the constructionof the NLDB community, expressing our gratitude to authors, Program Committeemembers, and organizers for the past editions of NLDB.

April 2015 Chris BiemannSiegfried Handschuh

André FreitasFarid Meziane

Elisabeth Métais

VI Preface

Organization

Organizing Committee

Program Chair

Chris Biemann TU Darmstadt, Germany

Conference Chairs

Siegfried Handschuh University of Passau, GermanyElisabeth Métais CNAM, FranceFarid Meziane University of Salford, UK

Organization Chair

André Freitas University of Passau, Germany

Tutorials and Workshop Chairs

Christin Seifert University of Passau, GermanyAndré Freitas University of Passau, Germany

Sponsorship Chair

Adamantions Koumpis

Senior Program Committee

Gerard de MeloValia KordoniMathieu LafourcadeJohannes Leveling

Els LefeverSimone Paolo PonzettoMathieu RocheMaguelonne Teisseire

Christina UngerTorsten ZeschMichael Zock

Program Committee

Hidir ArasImran Sarwar BajwaPierpaolo BaslieNicolas BéchetJohan BosGosse BoumaMihaela BorneaYacine Rezgui

Sandra BringayCornelia CarageaDiego CeccarelliChristian KopPhilipp CimianoChristian ChiarcosKostadin CholakovErnestoWilliam De Luca

Kees van DeemterBart DesmetOlivier FerretAntske FokkensVladimir FomichovThierry FontenelleDebasis GangulyYaakov Hacohen-Kerner

Sebastian HellmannMichael HerwegHelmut HoracekDino IencoAshwin IttooPaul JohannessonRichard JohanssonEpaminondas KapetaniosSaurabh KatariaSophia KatrenkoZoubida KedadEric KergosienValia KordoniLeila KosseimJochen LeidnerDeryle W. LonsdaleCdric LopezJohn McCraeMarie-Jean MeursLuisa MichClaudiu Mihaila

Shamima MithunAndres MontoyoAndrea MoroRafael MuozGuenter NeumannJan OdijkAlexander PanchenkoHeiko PaulheimDavide PiccaPascal PonceletViolaine PrinceGábor PrόszékyBehrang QasemizadehShaolin QuReinhard RappMartin RiedlAndré FreitasEric RinggerMathieu RocheMike RosnerPaolo Rosso

Patrick Saint DizierBahar SateliRoman SchneiderKhaled ShaalanMax SilberzteinVijayan SugumaranKrishnaprasadThirunarayanJuan TrujilloDan TufisL. Alfonso Ureña-LόpezSunil VaderaPanos VassiliadisAndreas VlachosJoachim WagnerTonio WandmacherFeiyu XuWlodek ZadroznyFabio Massimo ZanzottoErqiang Zhou

Fig. 1. NLDB 2015 sponsors.

VIII Organization

Sponsors

The NLDB organizers are grateful for the NLDB sponsors and their generouscontributions:

Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Ireland (Platinum), SSIX EU Project (Platinum),IBM (Platinum), Lionbridge (Gold), and 3rdPlace (Silver).

Organization IX

Contents

Information Extraction

Improving Supervised Classification Using Information Extraction . . . . . . . . 3Mian Du, Matthew Pierce, Lidia Pivovarova, and Roman Yangarber

Supervised Machine Learning Techniques to Detect TimeML Eventsin French and English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Béatrice Arnulphy, Vincent Claveau, Xavier Tannier, and Anne Vilnat

Distributional Semantics

In Defense of Word Embedding for Generic Text Representation . . . . . . . . . 35Guy Lev, Benjamin Klein, and Lior Wolf

Using Distributed Word Representations and mRMR Discriminant Analysisfor Multilingual Text Summarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Houda Oufaida, Philippe Blache, and Omar Nouali

Combining Pattern-Based and Distributional Similarity for Graph-BasedNoun Categorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Michael Wiegand, Benjamin Roth, and Dietrich Klakow

Acquiring a Large Scale Polarity Lexicon Through UnsupervisedDistributional Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Giuseppe Castellucci, Danilo Croce, and Roberto Basili

Querying and Question Answering Systems

Query Refinement Using Conversational Context: A Methodand an Evaluation Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Maryam Habibi and Andrei Popescu-Belis

Applying Semantic Parsing to Question Answering Over Linked Data:Addressing the Lexical Gap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Sherzod Hakimov, Christina Unger, Sebastian Walter,and Philipp Cimiano

Pragmatic Query Answering: Results from a Quantitative Evaluation. . . . . . . 110Jon Scott Stevens, Anton Benz, Sebastian Reuße, Ralf Klabunde,and Lisa Raithel

What was the Query? Generating Queries for Document Sets withApplications in Cluster Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Matthias Hagen, Maximilian Michel, and Benno Stein

Context-Aware NLP

Using Context-Aware and Semantic Similarity Based Model to EnrichOntology Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Zenun Kastrati, Sule Yildirim Yayilgan, and Ali Shariq Imran

NADIA: A Simplified Approach Towards the Development of NaturalDialogue Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Markus M. Berg

Cognitive and Semantic Computing

How to Talk to a Cognitive Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153Csaba Veres

Comparing Recursive Autoencoder and Convolutional Networkfor Phrase-Level Sentiment Polarity Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Johannes Jurgovsky and Michael Granitzer

The Interplay of Language Processing, Reasoning and Decision-Makingin Cognitive Computing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Sergei Nirenburg and Marjorie McShane

Towards Benevolent Sales Assistants in Retailing Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Sabine Janzen and Wolfgang Maass

Sentiment and Opinion Analysis

A Rule-Based Approach to Implicit Emotion Detection in Text . . . . . . . . . . 197Orizu Udochukwu and Yulan He

Deciphering Review Comments: Identifying Suggestions, Appreciationsand Complaints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Sachin Pawar, Nitin Ramrakhiyani, Girish K. Palshikar,and Swapnil Hingmire

Associating Intent with Sentiment in Weblogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212Mark Kröll and Markus Strohmaier

PSO-ASent: Feature Selection Using Particle Swarm Optimizationfor Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Deepak Kumar Gupta, Kandula Srikanth Reddy, Shweta, and Asif Ekbal

XII Contents

Improving Spanish Polarity Classification Combining DifferentLinguistic Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Eugenio Martínez-Cámara, Fermín L. Cruz,M. Dolores Molina-González, M. Teresa Martín-Valdivia,F. Javier Ortega, and L. Alfonso Ureña-López

Information Extraction and Social Media

Tree-Structured Named Entities Extraction from CompetingSpeech Transcriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Davy Weissenbacher and Christian Raymond

Interactive Learning with TREE: Teachable Relation and EventExtraction System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

Maya Tydykov, Mingzhi Zeng, Anatole Gershman,and Robert Frederking

Identification and Ranking of Event-Specific Entity-Centric InformativeContent from Twitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Debanjan Mahata, John R. Talburt, and Vivek Kumar Singh

Automatic Classification and PLS-PM Modeling for Profiling Reputationof Corporate Entities on Twitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Jean-Valère Cossu, Eric Sanjuan, Juan-Manuel Torres-Moreno,and Marc El-Bèze

NLP and Usability

An Adaptable and Personalised E-Learning System Based on FreeWeb Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Eiman Aeiad and Farid Meziane

A Controlled Natural Language for Business Intelligence Monitoring . . . . . . 300Christian Colombo, Jean-Paul Grech, and Gordon J. Pace

Text Summarization and Speech Synthesis for the Automated Generationof Personalized Audio Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Séamus Lawless, Peter Lavin, Mostafa Bayomi, João P. Cabral,and M. Rami Ghorab

Text Classification and Extraction

Unsupervised Classification of Translated Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323Sergiu Nisioi

Contents XIII

A Language-Independent Method for Detection and Correctionof Alignment Errors in Parallel Corpora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Katarzyna Niżałowska and Urszula Markowska-Kaczmar

High-Precision Person Name Extraction from Turkish TextsUsing Wikipedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Dilek Küçük and Doğan Küçük

A Hybrid Approach for Extracting Arabic Persons’ Namesand Resolving Their Ambiguity from Twitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Omnia H. Zayed and Samhaa R. El-Beltagy

Extracting Relations from Unstructured Text Sources for MusicRecommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Mohamed Sordo, Sergio Oramas, and Luis Espinosa-Anke

Posters and Demonstrations

Simulating Misreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385Armin Hoenen

(German) Language Processing for Lucene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390Bastian Entrup

Optimized Uyghur Segmentation for Statistical Machine Translation . . . . . . . 395Chenggang Mi, Yating Yang, Rui Dong, Xi Zhou, Lei Wang, Xiao Li,Tonghai Jiang, and Turghun Osman

Management and Publishing of Multimedia Dictionary of the CzechSign Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

Adam Rambousek and Aleš Horák

Automatic Detection of Modality with ITGETARUNS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404Rodolfo Delmonte

Gathering Knowledge for Question Answering Beyond Named Entities . . . . . 412Piotr Przybyła

MaNER: A MedicAl Named Entity Recogniser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418Isabel Moreno, Paloma Moreda, and M.T. Romá-Ferri

Upper Bound for Cross-Lingual Concept Mapping with ExternalTranslation Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Mamoun Abu Helou and Matteo Palmonari

Generating Logical Representations for Natural Language RequirementsUsing Syntactic Dependencies and Norm Analysis Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Richa Sharma and K.K. Biswas

XIV Contents

Random Indexing Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437Behrang QasemiZadeh

On Developing Extraction Rules for Mining Informal Scientific Referencesfrom Altmetric Data Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Waqas Khawaja, Michael Taylor, and Brian Davis

Lemonade: A Web Assistant for Creating and Debugging Ontology Lexica. . . . . 448Mariano Rico and Christina Unger

A Comparative Study on Twitter Sentiment Analysis: Which Featuresare Good? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Fajri Koto and Mirna Adriani

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

Contents XV