lecture notes june 2009

8/10/2019 Lecture Notes June 2009

1/373

NOTES AND CASES IN POLITICAL LAWVolume II

July, 2009 Edition(Fo t!e Se"tem#e 2009 $% E&%min%tion'

($ILL OF )I*+TS

Prepared by:

ATT - LA)) D- *ACA AN Professor of Law

(Constitutional Law Review, Constitutional Law 1 & 2))UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS-BCF, BAGUIO CITY

Pre-Bar Reviewer

COSMOPOLITAN LA R!"I! C!NT!R (CRC)(Politi#al Law) Bag !" C!#y

$NI"!RSIT% O PAN'ASINAN PR! AR R!"I! C!NT!R *a+u an Cit-

L!. R!"I! C!NT!R /a0 oan+a Cit-

A'$IO PO !R A$S AR R!"I! C!NT!R(Politi#al Law)

Bag !" C!#y, Sa$#!ag" C!#y, I%abe&a a$d D!p"&"g C!#y


2/373

C+APTE) .F/NDA ENTAL POWE)S OF T+E STATE

(Poli1e Po e

'( De)!$e:

A( police power ---!% #*e p"+er e%#ed !$ #*e &eg!%&a# re by #*e C"$%#!# #!"$ #"a.e, "rda!$, e%#ab&!%* a&& a$$er ") +*"&e%" e a$d rea%"$ab&e &a+% )"r #*e g""d a$d +e&)are ") #*e S#a#e a$d !#% pe"p&e( /ERMITA MALATEHOTEL VS. CITY MAYOR, July 31, 196 !

T*e ba%!0 p rp"%e% ") p"&!0e p"+er are:

a( "o pro#o"e "$e %e&er'l wel('re, co#(or" '&) co&*e&ie&ce o( "$e people+ASSOCIATIO- O SMALL LA-/O0-ERS VS. SECRETARY, 1SCRA 323+ S VS. TORI4IO, 1 5$il.

b( "o pro#o"e '&) pre7er*e pu8lic $e'l"$ 1 /VILLA- EVA VS.CASTA-E/A, Sep"e#8er 1, 19 + /ECS VS. SA- /IE:O, 1 ;SCRA 33 O VS. /IRECTOR O HEALTH, ;5$il. 9 ?'ppre$e&) '&) co&(i&e leper7 i& ' lepro7'riu#!

5RO ESSIO-AL RE: LATIO-S COMMISSIO- VS. ARLE-E /E: >MA-, ET AL., Ju&e 1, ;;2

THE RI:HT TO 5RACTICE A 5RO ESSIO-

Fa0#%:

A)#er #*e Pr")e%%!"$a& Reg &a#!"$% C" !%%!"$ /PRC2re&ea%ed #*e $a e% ") % 00e%%) & e3a !$ee% !$ #*e 4ed!0a&L!0e$% re E3a !$a#!"$, #*e B"ard ") 4ed!0!$e% "b%er ed #*a# #*egrade% ") #*e 56 Fa#! a C"&&ege ") 4ed!0!$e % 00e%%) & e3a !$ee%+ere $ % a&&y a$d e30ep#!"$a&&y *!g* !$ #*e #+" /72 "%# d!))!0 % b8e0#% ") #*e e3a , !(e(, B!"0*e !%#ry a$d Ob%#e#r!0% a$dGy$e0"&"gy(

T*e B"ard #*e$ !%% ed Re%"& #!"$ N"( '6 +!#**"&d!$g #*ereg!%#ra#!"$ a% p*y%!0!a$% ") a&& #*e e3a !$ee% )r" Fa#! a C"&&ege

") 4ed!0!$e( C" pared +!#* "#*er e3a !$e% )r" "#*er %0*""&%, #*ere% % ") #*"%e )r" Fa#! a +ere $"# "$&y !$0red!b&y *!g* b #$ % a&&y 0& %#ered 0&"%e #" ea0* "#*er( T*e NBI I$ e%#!ga#!"$)" $d #*a# #*e @ '"i#' e '#i&ee7 %'i&e) e'rly 'cce77 "o "$e "e7"Bue7"io&7.

He&d:

I# %# be %#re%%ed #*a# #*e p"+er #" reg &a#e #*e pra0#!0e ") a pr")e%%!"$ "r p r% !# ") a$ "00 pa#!"$ 0a$$"# be e3er0!%ed by #*e

7


3/373

S#a#e !$ a$ arb!#rary, de%p"#!0 "r "ppre%%! e a$$er( H"+e er, #*ereg &a#!$g b"dy *a% #*e r!g*# #" gra$# "r )"rb!d % 0* pr! !&ege !$a00"rda$0e +!#* 0er#a!$ 0"$d!#!"$%(

B # &!.e a&& r!g*#% a$d )reed" % g ara$#eed by #*e

C"$%#!# #!"$, #*e!r e3er0!%e ay be reg &a#ed p r% a$# #" #*e p"&!0e p"+er ") #*e S#a#e #" %a)eg ard *ea*, "ra&%, pea0e, ed 0a#!"$,"rder, %a)e#y, a$d ge$era& +e&)are ") #*e pe"p&e( A% % 0*, a$da %+!&& $"# &!e #" 0" pe& #*e B"ard ") 4ed!0!$e #" !%% e &!0e$%e% )"r #*ere%p"$de$#% #" pra0#!0e ed!0!$e(

RA 79 7 +*!0* pre%0r!be% #*e re; !re e$#% )"r ad !%%!"$ #"#*e pra0#!0e ") ed!0!$e, #*e ; a&!)!0a#!"$% ") #*e 0a$d!da#e% )"r #*e

b"ard e3a !$a#!"$, #*e %0"pe a$d 0"$d 0# ") #*e e3a !$a#!"$%, #*egr" $d% )"r #*e de$y!$g ") #*e !%% a$0e ") a p*y%!0!a$ VS. 5ARAS, 1 3 SCRA 69+ ERMITA MALATEHOTEL VS. CITY MAYOR, July 31, 196 + VILLAVICE-CIOVS. MAYOR L 4A- O MA-ILA, 39 5$il. + JMM5ROMOTIO-S VS. CA, 6; SCRA 319+ VELASCO VS.VILLE:AS, e8ru'ry 13, 19 3!

0HITE LI:HT COR5ORATIO-, TITA-I MCOR5ORATIO- '&) STA. MESA TO RIST F

/EVELO5ME-T COR5ORATIO- *7. CITY O MA-ILA,repre7e&"e) 8y MAYOR AL RE/O S. LIM, G(R( N"( '77 =>,?a$ ary 7@, 7@@6TINGA, 34:

!#* a$"#*er 0!#y "rd!$a$0e ") 4a$!&a a&%" pr!$0!pa&&y!$ "& !$g #*e #" r!%# d!%#r!0# a% % b8e0#, #*e C" r# !% 0"$)r"$#ed a$e++!#* #*e !$0e%%a$#cl'7$ 8e"wee& %o*ere&" power '&)

i&)i*i)u'l li8er"y i& "'&)e# wi"$ "$e 'rc$e"yp'l "e&7io& 8e"wee&l'w '&) #or'li"y (

9


4/373

I$ Cit- of Manila v4 La+uio, 3r4, ' ' #*e C" r# a))!r ed #*e$ &&!)!0a#!"$ ") a 0!#y "rd!$a$0e barr!$g #*e "pera#!"$ ") "#e&% a$d!$$%, a "$g "#*er e%#ab&!%* e$#%, +!#*!$ #*e Er !#a-4a&a#e area(T*e pe#!#!"$ a# bar a%%a!&% a %! !&ar&y- "#! a#ed 0!#y "rd!$a$0e #*a#

pr"*!b!#% #*"%e %a e e%#ab&!%* e$#% )r" "))er!$g %*"r#-#! ead !%%!"$, a% +e&& a% pr"-ra#ed "r +a%* p ra#e% )"r % 0*abbre !a#ed %#ay%( O r ear&!er de0!%!"$ #e%#ed #*e 0!#y "rd!$a$0eaga!$%# " r %a0red 0"$%#!# #!"$a& r!g*#% #" &!ber#y, d e pr"0e%% a$e; a& pr"#e0#!"$ ") &a+( T*e %a e para e#er% app&y #" #*e pre%e$#

pe#!#!"$(

T*!% Pe#!#!"$ 0*a&&e$ge% #*e a&!d!#y ") 4a$!&a C!#y Ord!$a$0e

N"( 555= e$#!#&ed, A$ Ord!$a$0e Pr"*!b!#!$g S*"r#-T! eAd !%%!"$, S*"r#-T! e Ad !%%!"$ Ra#e%, a$d a%*-Up Ra#eS0*e e% !$ H"#e&%, 4"#e&%, I$$%, L"dg!$g H" %e%, Pe$%!"$ H" %e%,a$d S! !&ar E%#ab&!%* e$#% !$ #*e C!#y ") 4a$!&a /#*e Ord!$a$0e2(

T*e )a0#% are a% )"&&"+%:

O$ De0e ber 9, '667, C!#y 4ay"r A&)red" S( L! /4ay"r L! 2 %!g$ed !$#" &a+ #*e Ord!$a$0e(7 = T*e Ord!$a$0e !% repr"d 0ed!$ ) &&, *ere $der:

SEC( 9( P r% a$# #" #*e ab" e p"&!0y, %*"r#-#! e ad !%%!"$a$d ra#e si# , +a%*- p ra#e "r "#*er %! !&ar&y 0"$0"0#ed #er %, are*ereby pr"*!b!#ed !$ *"#e&%, "#e&%, !$$%, &"dg!$g *" %e%, pe$%!"$*" %e% a$d %! !&ar e%#ab&!%* e$#% !$ #*e C!#y ") 4a$!&a(

SEC( =( De)!$!#!"$ ") Ter % ( S*"r#-#! e ad !%%!"$ %*a&&ea$ ad !##a$0e a$d 0*arg!$g ") r"" ra#e )"r &e%% #*a$ #+e& e /'72*" r% a# a$y g! e$ #! e "r #*e re$#!$g " # ") r"" % "re #*a$ #+!0ea day "r a$y "#*er #er #*a# ay be 0"$0"0#ed by "+$er% "r a$ager% ") %a!d e%#ab&!%* e$#% b # +" &d ea$ #*e %a e "r +" &d

bear #*e %a e ea$!$g(

SEC( ( Pe$ay C&a %e( A$y per%"$ "r 0"rp"ra#!"$ +*" %*a&&!"&a#e a$y pr" !%!"$ ") #*!% "rd!$a$0e %*a&& p"$ 0"$ !0#!"$ #*ere")

be p $!%*ed by a )!$e ") F! e T*" %a$d /P ,@@@(@@2 Pe%"% "r ! pr!%"$ e$# )"r a per!"d ") $"# e30eed!$g "$e /'2 year "r b"#*% 0* )!$e a$d ! pr!%"$ e$# a# #*e d!%0re#!"$ ") #*e 0" r#1 Pr" !ded,T*a# !$ 0a%e ") a 8 r!d!0a& per%"$, #*e pre%!de$#, #*e a$ager, "r #*e

per%"$% !$ 0*arge ") #*e "pera#!"$ #*ere") %*a&& be &!ab&e: Pr" !ded,) r#*er, T*a# !$ 0a%e ") % b%e; e$# 0"$ !0#!"$ )"r #*e %a e "))e$%e,

'

' G(R( '' '75, '7 Apr!& 7@@ , = SCRA 9@ (7

= Id( a# =>(

=


5/373

#*e b %!$e%% &!0e$%e ") #*e g !y par#y %*a&& a #" a#!0a&&y0a$0e&&ed(

O$ De0e ber ' , '667, #*e 4a&a#e T" r!%# a$d De e&"p e$#C"rp"ra#!"$ /4TDC2 )!&ed a 0" p&a!$# )"r de0&ara#"ry re&!e) +!#*

prayer )"r a +r!# ") pre&! !$ary !$8 $0#!"$ a$d "r #e p"raryre%#ra!$!$g "rder / TRO29 +!#* #*e Reg!"$a& Tr!a& C" r# /RTC2") 4a$!&a, Bra$0* 6 ! p&ead!$g a% de)e$da$#, *ere!$ re%p"$de$#C!#y ") 4a$!&a /#*e C!#y2 repre%e$#ed by 4ay"r L! ( = > 4TDC

prayed #*a# #*e Ord!$a$0e, !$%")ar a% !# !$0& de% "#e&% a$d !$$% a%a "$g !#% pr"*!b!#ed e%#ab&!%* e$#%, be de0&ared !$ a&!d a$d$0"$%#!# #!"$a&( 4TDC 0&a! ed #*a# a% "+$er a$d "pera#"r ") #*eV!0#"r!a C" r# !$ 4a&a#e, 4a$!&a !# +a% a #*"r! ed by Pre%!de$#!a&

De0ree /P(D(2 N"( 7 6 #" ad !# 0 %#" er% "$ a %*"r# #! e ba%!% a%+e&& a% #" 0*arge 0 %#" er% +a%* p ra#e% )"r %#ay% ") "$&y #*ree*" r%(

T*ey 0"$#e$d #*a# #*e a%%a!&ed Ord!$a$0e !% a$ !$ a&!d e3er0!%e") p"&!0e p"+er(

II4

T" %# de$#% ") 8 r!%pr de$0e, #*e )a0#% ") #*!% 0a%e +!&& re0a&&!$d $"# "$&y #*e re0e$# Cit- of Manila r &!$g, b # " r '6>5

de0!%!"$ !$ !r0ita Malate otel an5 Motel O erations Asso#iation, In#4, v4 on4 Cit- Ma-or of Manila4 =@ !r0ita Malate 0"$0er$ed #*eC!#y "rd!$a$0e re; !r!$g pa#r"$% #" )!&& p a pre%0r!bed )"r %#a#!$g

per%"$a& !$)"r a#!"$ % 0* a% $a e, ge$der, $a#!"$a&!#y, age, addre%%a$d "00 pa#!"$ be)"re #*ey 0" &d be ad !##ed #" a "#e&, *"#e& "r &"dg!$g *" %e( T*!% ear&!er "rd!$a$0e +a% pre0!%e&y e$a0#ed #"!$! ! e 0er#a!$ pra0#!0e% dee ed *ar ) & #" p b&!0 "ra&%( A

p rp"%e %! !&ar #" #*e a$$ &&ed "rd!$a$0e !$Cit- of Manila +*!0*%" g*# a b&a$.e# ba$ "$ "#e&%, !$$% a$d %! !&ar e%#ab&!%* e$#% !$#*e Er !#a-4a&a#e area( H"+e er, #*e 0"$%#!# #!"$a&!#y ") #*e"rd!$a$0e !$ !r0ita Malate +a% % %#a!$ed by #*e C" r#(

T*e 0" "$ #*read #*a# r $% #*r" g* #*"%e de0!%!"$% a$d #*e0a%e a# bar g"e% bey"$d #*e %!$g &ar!#y ") #*e &"0a&!#!e% 0" ered

$der #*e re%pe0#! e "rd!$a$0e%( A&& #*ree "rd!$a$0e% +ere e$a0#ed+!#* a !e+ ") reg &a#!$g p b&!0 "ra&% !$0& d!$g par#!0 &ar !&&!0!#a0#! !#y !$ #ra$%!e$# &"dg!$g e%#ab&!%* e$#%( T*!% 0" &d be de%0r!ba% #*e !dd&e 0a%e, +*ere!$ #*ere !% $" +*"&e%a&e ba$ "$ "#e&% a$d*"#e&% b # #*e %er !0e% "))ered by #*e%e e%#ab&!%* e$#% *a e bee$%e ere&y re%#r!0#ed( A# !#% 0"re, #*!% !% a$"#*er 0a%e ab" # #*e e3#e

9

Id( a# >7->6(=

> Id( a# = -=>(

=@ '75 P*!&( 9@> /'6>52(


6/373

#" +*!0* #*e S#a#e 0a$ !$#r de !$#" a$d reg &a#e #*e &! e% ") !#%0!#! e$%(

T$e "e7" o( ' *'li) or)i&'&ce i7 well e7"'8li7$e). A lo&% li&eo( )eci7io&7 i&clu)i&% City of Manila $'7 $el) "$'" (or '&

or)i&'&ce "o 8e *'li), i" #u7" &o" o&ly 8e wi"$i& "$e corpor'"epower7 o( "$e loc'l %o*ere&" u&i" "o e&'c" '&) p'77 'ccor)i&%"o "$e proce)ure pre7cri8e) 8y l'w, i" #u7" 'l7o co&(or# "o "$e(ollowi&% 7u87"'&"i*e reBuire#e&"7G 1! #u7" &o" co&"r'*e&e "$eCo&7"i"u"io& or '&y 7"'"u"e+ ! #u7" &o" 8e u&('ir oroppre77i*e+ 3! #u7" &o" 8e p'r"i'l or )i7cri#i&'"ory+ 2! #u7"&o" pro$i8i" 8u" #'y re%ul'"e "r')e+ ! #u7" 8e %e&er'l '&)co&7i7"e&" wi"$ pu8lic policy+ '&) 6! #u7" &o" 8e u&re'7o&'8le (>='

A4

P"&!0e p"+er, +*!&e !$0apab&e ") a$ e3a0# de)!$!#!"$, *a% bee$ p rp"%e&y e!&ed !$ ge$era& #er % #" $der%0"re !#%0" pre*e$%! e$e%% #" ee# a&& e3!ge$0!e% a$d pr" !de e$" g* r"")"r a$ e))!0!e$# a$d )&e3!b&e re%p"$%e a% #*e 0"$d!#!"$% +arra$#(5 =7

P"&!0e p"+er !% ba%ed p"$ #*e 0"$0ep# ") $e0e%%!#y ") #*e S#a#e a$d!#% 0"rre%p"$d!$g r!g*# #" pr"#e0# !#%e&) a$d !#% pe"p&e(=9 P"&!0e

p"+er *a% bee$ %ed a% 8 %#!)!0a#!"$ )"r $ er" % a$d ar!ed a0#!"$% by #*e S#a#e( T*e%e ra$ge )r" #*e reg &a#!"$ ") da$0e *a&&%,6 ==

" !e #*ea#er%, '@ = ga% %#a#!"$%'' => a$d 0"0.p!#%('7 =5 T*e a+e%" e%0"pe ") p"&!0e p"+er !% be%# de "$%#ra#ed by #*e )a0# #*a# !$ !#%* $dred "r %" year% ") pre%e$0e !$ " r $a#!"$

=' Cit- of Manila v4 La+uio , 3r4, % pra $"#e '1 Tatel v4 Muni#i alit- of "ira#, G(R( N"( =@7=9, '' 4ar0* '667, 7@5 SCRA' 5, '>'1 Soli#itor 'eneral v4 Metro olitan Manila Aut6orit- , G(R( N"( '@75 7, '' De0e ber '66', 7@= SCRA 95, = 1 Ma+ta7as v4

Pr-#e Pro erties Cor 4, In# (, G(R( N"( '''@65, 7@ ? &y '66=, 79= SCRA 7 , 7> -7>5(

5

=7 !r0ita Malate otel an5 Motel O erators Asso#iation, In#4 v4 Cit- Ma-or of Manila , '75 P*!&( 9@> /'6>52(

=9 3MM Pro0otion an5 Mana+e0ent In#4 v4 Court of A eals , 976 P*!&( 5, 6= /'66>2 0!#!$g Ru i v4 Provin#ial oar5 of Min5oro , 96 P*!&( >>@ /'6'62(

6 == $4S4 v4 Ro5ri+ue8 , 9 P*!&( 5 6(

'@ = Peo le v4 C6an, > P*!&( >'' /'69 2(

'' => 3avier v4 !arns6aw , >= P*!&( >7> /'6952('7

=5 Pe5ro v4 Provin#ial oar5 of Ri8al , > P*!&( '79 /'69'2(

>


7/373

4

T*e pr! ary 0"$%#!# #!"$a& ; e%#!"$ #*a# 0"$)r"$#% % !% "$e ") d e pr"0e%%, a% g ara$#eed $der Se0#!"$ ', Ar#!0&e III ") #*e

C"$%#!# #!"$( D e pr"0e%% e ade% a pre0!%e de)!$!#!"$('9 =

T*e p rp"%e ") #*e g ara$#y !% #" pre e$# arb!#rary g" er$ e$#a&e$0r"a0* e$# aga!$%# #*e &!)e, &!ber#y a$d pr"per#y ") !$d! !d a&%(T*e d e pr"0e%% g ara$#y %er e% a% a pr"#e0#!"$ aga!$%# arb!#raryreg &a#!"$ "r %e! re( E e$ 0"rp"ra#!"$% a$d par#$er%*!p% are

pr"#e0#ed by #*e g ara$#y !$%")ar a% #*e!r pr"per#y !% 0"$0er$ed(

T*e d e pr"0e%% g ara$#y *a% #rad!#!"$a&&y bee$ !$#erpre#ed a%

! p"%!$g #+" re&a#ed b # d!%#!$0# re%#r!0#!"$% "$ g" er$ e$#,pr"0ed ra& d e pr"0e%% a$d % b%#a$#! e d e pr"0e%%( Pr"0ed ra&d e pr"0e%% re)er% #" #*e pr"0ed re% #*a# #*e g" er$ e$# %#)"&&"+ be)"re !# depr! e% a per%"$ ") &!)e, &!ber#y, "r pr"per#y('= =6

Pr"0ed ra& d e pr"0e%% 0"$0er$% !#%e&) +!#* g" er$ e$# a0#!"$ad*er!$g #" #*e e%#ab&!%*ed pr"0e%% +*e$ !# a.e% a$ !$#r %!"$ !$#"#*e pr! a#e %p*ere( E3a p&e% ra$ge )r" #*e )"r ") $"#!0e g! e$ #"#*e &e e& ") )"r a&!#y ") a *ear!$g(

S b%#a$#! e d e pr"0e%% 0" p&e#e% #*e pr"#e0#!"$ e$ !%!"$ed by #*e d e pr"0e%% 0&a %e( I# !$; !re% +*e#*er #*e g" er$ e$# *a%% ))!0!e$# 8 %#!)!0a#!"$ )"r depr! !$g a per%"$ ") &!)e, &!ber#y, "r

pr"per#y(' @

T*e ; e%#!"$ ") % b%#a$#! e d e pr"0e%%, "re %" #*a$ "%#"#*er )!e&d% ") &a+, *a% re)&e0#ed dy$a !% !$ pr"gre%%! e &ega*" g*# #!ed +!#* #*e e3pa$ded a00ep#a$0e ") ) $da e$#a&)reed" %( P"&!0e p"+er, #rad!#!"$a&&y a+e%" e a% !# ay be, !% $"+0"$)r"$#ed +!#* a "re r!g"r" % &e e& ") a$a&y%!% be)"re !# 0a$ bep*e&d( T*e !#a&!#y #*" g* ") 0"$%#!# #!"$a& d e pr"0e%% *a% $"#

bee$ pred!0a#ed "$ #*e )re; e$0y +!#* +*!0* !# *a% bee$ #!&! ed #"a0*!e e a &!bera& re% )"r, a)#er a&&, #*e &!ber#ar!a$ e$d% %*"%" e#! e% y!e&d #" #*e prer"ga#! e% ") #*e S#a#e( I$%#ead, #*e d e

pr"0e%% 0&a %e *a% a0; !red p"#e$0y be0a %e ") #*e %"p*!%#!0a#ede#*"d"&"gy #*a# *a% e erged #" de#er !$e #*e pr"per e#e% a$d

b" $d% )"r !#% app&!0a#!"$(

C4

'9

= See $4S4 v4 Lin+ Su an , '@ P*!&( '@= /'6@ 21 Insular 'overn0ent v4 Lin+ Su an , ' P*!&( /'6'@2(

'=

=6 Lo e8 v4 *ire#tor of Lan5s , =5 P*!&( 79, 97 /'67=2('

@ See Cit- of Manila v4 on4 La+uio , 3r (, % pra $"#e ' a# 99@ 0!#!$g CHE4ERINSJY, ER IN, CONSTITUTIONAL LAPRINCIPLES AND POLICIES, 7$d Ed( 79 /7@@72(

5


8/373

T*e ge$era& #e%# ") #*e a&!d!#y ") a$ "rd!$a$0e "$ % b%#a$#! ed e pr"0e%% gr" $d% !% be%# #e%#ed +*e$ a%%e%%ed +!#* #*e e "& e)""#$"#e = #e%# &a!d d"+$ by #*e U(S( S pre e C" r# !$ $4S4 v4Carolene Pro5u#ts ('> ' F""#$"#e = ") #*e Carolene Pro5u#ts 0a%ea0.$"+&edged #*a# #*e 8 d!0!ary +" &d de)er #" #*e &eg!%&a# re

$&e%% #*ere !% a d!%0r! !$a#!"$ aga!$%# a@)i7cre"e '&) i&7ul'r#i&ori"y or i&(ri&%e#e&" o( ' @(u&)'#e&"'l ri%$" ( '5 7

C"$%e; e$#&y, #+" %#a$dard% ") 8 d!0!a& re !e+ +ere e%#ab&!%*ed:7"ric" 7cru"i&y (or l'w7 )e'li&% wi"$ (ree)o# ") #*e !$d "r re%#r!0#!$g #*e p"&!#!0a& pr"0e%%, a$d #*er'"io&'l 8'7i7 7"'&)'r) o( re*iew (or eco&o#ic le%i7l'"io&.

A #*!rd %#a$dard, de$" !$a#ed a% $ei%$"e&e) or i##e)i'"e

7cru"i&y , +a% &a#er ad"p#ed by #*e U(S( S pre e C" r# )"r e a& a#!$g 0&a%%!)!0a#!"$% ba%ed "$ ge$der ' 9 a$d &eg!#! a0y('6 =

I ed!a#e %0r #!$y +a% ad"p#ed by #*e U(S( S pre e C" r# !$Crai+, 7@ a)#er #*e C" r# de0&!$ed #" d" %" !$ Ree5 v4 Ree547' >

*!&e #*e #e%# ay *a e )!r%# bee$ ar#!0 &a#ed !$ e; a& pr"#e0#!"$a$a&y%!%, !# *a% !$ #*e U$!#ed S#a#e% %!$0e bee$ app&!ed !$ % b%#a$#! e d e pr"0e%% 0a%e% a% +e&&(

e " r%e& e% *a e ")#e$ app&!ed #*e ra#!"$a& ba%!% #e%# a!$&y!$ a$a&y%!% ") e; a& pr"#e0#!"$ 0*a&&e$ge%(77 5 U%!$g #*e ra#!"$a&

ba%!% e3a !$a#!"$, &a+% "r "rd!$a$0e% are p*e&d !) #*ey ra#!"$a&&y) r#*er a &eg!#! a#e g" er$ e$#a& !$#ere%#(79 U$der !$#er ed!a#ere !e+, g" er$ e$#a& !$#ere%# !% e3#e$%! e&y e3a !$ed a$d #*ea a!&ab!&!#y ") &e%% re%#r!0#! e ea% re% !% 0"$%!dered(7= 6 App&y!$g%#r!0# %0r #!$y, #*e )"0 % !% "$ #*e pre%e$0e ") 0" pe&&!$g, ra#*er #*a$% b%#a$#!a&, g" er$ e$#a& !$#ere%# a$d "$ #*e ab%e$0e ") &e%re%#r!0#! e ea$% )"r a0*!e !$g #*a# !$#ere%#(

I$ #er % ") 8 d!0!a& re !e+ ") %#a# #e% "r "rd!$a$0e%, %#r!0#%0r #!$y re)er% #" #*e %#a$dard )"r de#er !$!$g #*e ; a&!#y a$d #*e

'>

' 9@= U(S( '== /'69 2('5

7 Id, a# ' 7(

' 9 Crai+ v4 oren, =76 U(S( '6@ /'65>2('6

= Clar9 v4 3eter , = > U(S( = > /'6 2(7@

=76 U(S( '6@ /'65>2(7'

> =@= U(S( 5' /'65'2(77

5 Central an9 !0 lo-ee:s Asso#iation v4 an+9o Sentral n+ Pili inas, = 5 P*!&( 9' /7@@=21 Asso#iation of S0all Lan5owners in t6e P6ili ines v4 Se#retar- of A+rarian Refor0 , G(R( N"%( 5 5=7, 569'@, 565==, a$d 56555, ? &y '=, '6 6, '5 SCRA9=91 I$ !r0ita Malate , % pra $"#e ' a# 97=, #*e C" r# !$ )a0# $"#ed: !) #*e &!ber#y !$ "& ed +ere )reed" ") #*e !$d "r #*e per%"$,#*e %#a$dard )"r #*e a&!d!#y ") g" er$ e$# a0#% !% 0* "re r!g"r" % a$d e3a0#!$g, b # +*ere #*e &!ber#y 0 r#a!&ed a))e0#% +*a# are a##*e "%# r!g*#% ") pr"per#y, #*e per !%%!b&e %0"pe ") reg &a#"ry ea% re% !% +!der(

79 Central an9 !0 lo-ee:s Asso#iation v4 an+9o Sentral n+ Pili inas , % pra $"#e 5(

7= 6 Id(


9/373

a " $# ") g" er$ e$#a& !$#ere%# br" g*# #" 8 %#!)y #*e reg &a#!"$ ") ) $da e$#a& )reed" %( 7 >@ S#r!0# %0r #!$y !% %ed #"day #" #e%# #*ea&!d!#y ") &a+% dea&!$g +!#* #*e reg &a#!"$ ") %pee0*, ge$der, "r ra0e a% +e&& a% "#*er ) $da e$#a& r!g*#% a% e3pa$%!"$ )r" !#% ear&!erapp&!0a#!"$% #" e; a& pr"#e0#!"$(7> >' T*e U$!#ed S#a#e% S pre e

C" r# *a% e3pa$ded #*e %0"pe ") %#r!0# %0r #!$y #" pr"#e0#) $da e$#a& r!g*#% % 0* a% % ))rage,75 >7 8 d!0!a& a00e%%7 >9 a$d!$#er%#a#e #ra e&(76 >=

I) +e +ere #" #a.e #*e y"p!0 !e+ #*a# a$ Ord!$a$0e %*" &d be a$a&y ed %#r!0#&y a% #" !#% e))e0# "$&y "$ #*e pe#!#!"$er% a# bar, #!# +" &d %ee #*a# #*e "$&y re%#ra!$# ! p"%ed by #*e &a+ +*!0* +eare 0apa0!#a#ed #" a0# p"$ !% #*e !$8 ry #" pr"per#y % %#a!$ed by #*e

pe#!#!"$er%, a$ !$8 ry #*a# +" &d +arra$# #*e app&!0a#!"$ ") #*e "%#de)ere$#!a& %#a$dard K #*e ra#!"$a& ba%!% #e%#( Ye# a% ear&!er %#a#re0"g$! e #*e 0apa0!#y ") #*e pe#!#!"$er% #" !$ ".e a% +e&& #*e0"$%#!# #!"$a& r!g*#% ") #*e!r pa#r"$% K #*"%e per%"$% +*" +" &d bdepr! ed ") a a!&!$g %*"r# #! e a00e%% "r +a%*- p ra#e% #" #*e&"dg!$g e%#ab&!%* e$#% !$ ; e%#!"$(

*4

I# 0a$$"# be de$!ed #*a# #*e pr! ary ani0us be*!$d #*e"rd!$a$0e !% #*e 0 r#a!& e$# ") %e3 a& be*a !"r( T*e C!#y a%%er#%

be)"re #*!% C" r# #*a# #*e % b8e0# e%#ab&!%* e$#% *a e ga!$ed$"#"r!e#y a% e$ e ") pr"%#!# #!"$, ad ery a$d )"r$!0a#!"$%< !$4a$!&a %!$0e #*ey pr" !de #*e $e0e%%ary a# "%p*ere )"r 0&a$de%#!$ee$#ry, pre%e$0e a$d e3!# a$d #* % be0a e #*e !dea& *a e$ )"r

pr"%#!# #e% a$d #*r!&&-%ee.er%( *e#*er "r $"# #*!% dep!0#!"$ ") a 0ise en s#ene ") !0e !% a00 ra#e, !# 0a$$"# be de$!ed #*a#&eg!#! a#e %e3 a& be*a !"r a "$g +!&&!$g arr!ed "r 0"$%e$#!$g%!$g&e ad % +*!0* !% 0"$%#!# #!"$a&&y pr"#e0#ed9' >6 +!&& be 0 r#a!&ed

7

>@4e$d" a, 3 (, C"$0 rr!$g Op!$!"$ !$ !stra5a v4 San5i+an a-an , G(R( N"( '= >@, '6 N" e ber 7@@', 9>6 SCRA 96=(

7> >' Id(

75 >7 us6 v4 'ore , 9' U(S( 6 /7@@@2(

7 >9 o55ie v4 Conne#ti#ut , =@' U(S( 95' /'65'2(

76 >= S6a iro v4 T6o0 son , 96= U(S( >' /'6>62( I# *a% bee$ "p!$ed by C*e er!$%.y #*a# #*e %e ") #*e e; a& pr"#e0#!"$ 0&a %e+a% #" a "!d #*e %e ") % b%#a$#! e d e pr"0e%% %!$0e #*e &a##er )e&& !$#" d!%)a "r !$ #*e U$!#ed S#a#e%( See ER IN CHE4ERINSJY,CONSTITUTIONAL LA , PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES /7 $d ed( 7@@72(

9@

> Rollo , p( 7 (9'

>6 4"#e& pa#r"$% +*" are %!$g&e a$d $ arr!ed ay !$ ".e #*!% r!g*# #" a #"$" y #" 0"$% a#e #*e!r b"$d% !$ !$#! a#e%e3 a& 0"$d 0# +!#*!$ #*e "#e&M% pre !%e% be !# %#re%%ed #*a# #*e!r 0"$%e$% a& %e3 a& be*a !"r d"e% $"# 0"$#ra e$e a$y ) $da e$#a&%#a#e p"&!0y a% 0"$#a!$ed !$ #*e C"$%#!# #!"$( /SeeCon#erne5 !0 lo-ee v4 'len5a !s iritu Ma-or , A(4( N"( P-@7-' >=, 79 N" e ber 7@@=2 Ad % *a e a r!g*# #" 0*""%e #" )"rge % 0* re&a#!"$%*!p% +!#* "#*er% !$ #*e 0"$)!$e% ") #*e!r "+$ pr! a#e &! e% a$d %#!&& re##*e!r d!g$!#y a% )ree per%"$%( T*e &!ber#y pr"#e0#ed by #*e C"$%#!# #!"$ a&&"+% per%"$% #*e r!g*# #" a.e #*!% 0*"!0e( T*e!r r!g*# #&!ber#y $der #*e d e pr"0e%% 0&a %e g! e% #*e #*e ) && r!g*# #" e$gage !$ #*e!r 0"$d 0# +!#*" # !$#er e$#!"$ ") #*e g" er$ e$#, a%&"$g a% #*ey d" $"# r $ a)" & ") #*e &a+( L!ber#y %*" &d be #*e r &e a$d re%#ra!$# #*e e30ep#!"$(

L!ber#y !$ #*e 0"$%#!# #!"$a& %e$%e $"# "$&y ea$% )reed" )r" $&a+) & g" er$ e$# re%#ra!$#1 !# %# !$0& de pr! a0y a%+e&&, !) !# !% #" be a rep"%!#"ry ") )reed" ( T*e r!g*# #" be &e# a&"$e !% #*e beg!$$!$g ") a&& )reed" !# !% #*e "%# 0" pre*e$%! e ")

6


10/373

a% +e&&, a% !# +a% !$ #*eCit- of Manila 0a%e( O r *"&d!$g #*ere!$re#a!$% %!g$!)!0a$0e )"r " r p rp"%e%:

e 0a$$"# d!%0" $# "#*er &eg!#! a#e a0#! !#!e% +*!0* #*eOrd!$a$0e +" &d pr"%0r!be "r ! pa!r( T*ere are ery &eg!#! a#e %e%

)"r a +a%* ra#e "r re$#!$g #*e r"" " # )"r "re #*a$ #+!0e a day(E$#!re )a !&!e% are .$"+$ #" 0*""%e pa%% #*e #! e !$ a "#e& "r *"#e&+*!&%# #*e p"+er !% " e$#ar!&y " # !$ #*e!r *" e%( I$ #ra$%!#

pa%%e$ger% +*" +!%* #" +a%* p a$d re%# be#+ee$ #r!p% *a e a&eg!#! a#e p rp"%e )"r abbre !a#ed %#ay% !$ "#e&% "r *"#e&%( I$deeda$y per%"$ "r gr" p% ") per%"$% !$ $eed ") 0" )"r#ab&e pr! a#e%pa0e% )"r a %pa$ ") a )e+ *" r% +!#* p rp"%e% "#*er #*a$ *a !$g %e3"r %!$g !&&ega& dr g% 0a$ &eg!#! a#e&y &"". #" %#ay!$g !$ a "#e& "r

*"#e& a% a 0"$ e$!e$# aer$a#! e(

!4

ur"$er, i" i7 'pp're&" "$'" "$e Or)i&'&ce c'& e'7ily 8ecircu#*e&"e) 8y #erely p'yi&% "$e w$ole )'y r'"e wi"$ou" '&y$i&)r'&ce "o "$o7e e&%'%e) i& illici" 'c"i*i"ie7. Moreo*er, )ru%)e'ler7 '&) pro7"i"u"e7 c'& i& ('c" collec" @w'7$ r'"e7 (ro#"$eir clie&"ele 8y c$'r%i&% "$eir cu7"o#er7 ' por"io& o( "$e re&"(or #o"el roo#7 '&) e*e& 'p'r"#e&"7 (

T$e Or)i&'&ce &ee)le77ly re7"r'i&7 "$e oper'"io& o( "$e8u7i&e77e7 o( "$e pe"i"io&er7 '7 well '7 re7"ric"i&% "$e ri%$"7 o( "$eir p'"ro&7 wi"$ou" 7u((icie&" u7"i(ic'"io&. T$e Or)i&'&cer'7$ly eBu'"e7 w'7$ r'"e7 '&) re&"i&% ou" ' roo# #ore "$'&"wice ' )'y wi"$ i##or'li"y wi"$ou" 'cco##o)'"i&% i&&ocuou7i&"e&"io&7.

T" be 0a$d!d ab" # !#, #*e ")#-; "#ed A er!0a$ a3! #*a#you c'&&o" le%i7l'"e #or'li"y !% ! a#e&y !&&eg!#! a#e a% aa##er ") &a+, %!$0e a% e3p&a!$ed by Ca&abre%!, #*a# p*ra%e !% "rea00 ra#e&y !$#erpre#ed a% ea$!$g #*a# e))"r#% #" &eg!%&a#e "ra&!#y+!&& )a!& !) #*ey are +!de&y a# ar!a$0e +!#* p b&!0 a##!# de% ab" #r!g*# a$d +r"$g( O r pe$a& &a+%, )"r "$e, are )" $ded "$ age-"&d"ra& #rad!#!"$%, a$d a% &"$g a% #*ere are +!de&y a00ep#ed

d!%#!$0#!"$% be#+ee$ r!g*# a$d +r"$g, #*ey +!&& re a!$ %" "r!e$#ed(

0HERE ORE , #*e Pe#!#!"$ !%:RA-TE/ ( Ord!$a$0e N"(555= !% *ereby de0&ared UNCONSTITUTIONAL(

CITY O MA-ILA, HO-. AL RE/O S. LIM '7 "$e M'yor o( "$e Ci"y o( M'&il', e" 'l *7. HO-. 5ER ECTO A.S. LA: IO,JR., '7 5re7i)i&% Ju)%e, RTC, M'&il' '&) MALATE TO RIST

r!g*#% a$d #*e r!g*# "%# a& ed by 0! !&! ed e$( Cit- of Manila v4 on4 La+uio , 3r ( % pra $"#e ' a# 995-99 (

'@


11/373

/EVELO5ME-T COR5ORATIO-, GR No. 118127, April 12,2005

TI-:A, .G

E$a0#ed by #*e C!#y C" $0!&6 "$ 6 4ar0* '669 a$d appr" ed by pe#!#!"$er C!#y 4ay"r "$ 9@ 4ar0* '669, #*e %a!d Or5inan#e !%e$#!#&edK

AN ORDINANCE PROHIBITING THE ESTABLISH4ENTOR OPERATION OF BUSINESSES PROVIDING CERTAINFOR4S OF A4USE4ENT, ENTERTAIN4ENT, SERVICES

AND FACILITIES IN THE ER4ITA-4ALATE AREA,PRESCRIBING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION THEREOF, ANDFOR OTHER PURPOSES( '@

T*e Or5inan#e !% repr"d 0ed !$ ) &&, *ere $der:

SECTION '( A$y pr" !%!"$ ") e3!%#!$g &a+% a$d "rd!$a$0e% #"#*e 0"$#rary $"#+!#*%#a$d!$g, &o per7o&, p'r"&er7$ip, corpor'"io&or e&"i"y 7$'ll, i& "$e Er#i"' M'l'"e 're' b" $ded by Te"d"r" 4(Ja&a+ Sr( S#ree# !$ #*e N"r#*, Ta)# A e$ e !$ #*e Ea%#, V!#" CrS#ree# !$ #*e S" #* a$d R"3a% B" &e ard !$ #*e e%#, p r% a$# #"P(D( =66 8e 'llowe) or 'u"$ori e) "o co&"r'c" '&) e&%'%e i&, '&y8u7i&e77 pro*i)i&% cer"'i& (or#7 o( '#u7e#e&", e&"er"'ie&",7er*ice7 '&) ('cili"ie7 w$ere wo#e& 're u7e) '7 "ool7 i&e&"er"'ie&" '&) w$ic$ "e&) "o )i7"ur8 "$e co##u&i"y, '&&oy"$e i&$'8i"'&"7, '&) ')*er7ely '((ec" "$e 7oci'l '&) #or'lwel('re o( "$e co##u&i"y, % 0* a% b # $"# &! !#ed #":

'( Sa $a Par&"r%7( 4a%%age Par&"r%9( Jara".e Bar%=( Beer*" %e%( N!g*# C& b%>( Day C& b%5( S per C& b%( D!%0"#*e; e%6( Cabare#%'@( Da$0e Ha&&%''( 4"#e&%'7( I$$%

SEC( 7 T$e Ci"y M'yor, "$e Ci"y Tre'7urer "r a$y per%"$a0#!$g !$ be*a&) ") #*e %a!d "))!0!a&%'re pro$i8i"e) (ro# i77ui&%per#i"7, "e#por'ry or o"$erwi7e, or (ro# %r'&"i&% lice&7e7 '&)'ccep"i&% p'y#e&"7 (or "$e oper'"io& o( 8u7i&e77 e&u#er'"e) i&"$e prece)i&% 7ec"io&.

''
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn9%23_ftn9http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn10%23_ftn10http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn10%23_ftn10http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn9%23_ftn9


12/373

SEC( 9( Ow&er7 '&)Kor oper'"or o( e7"'8li7$#e&"7 e$gaged !$,"r de "#ed #", #*e b %!$e%%e% e$ era#ed !$ Se0#!"$ ' *ere") are*ereby %i*e& "$ree 3! #o&"$7 (ro# "$e )'"e o( 'ppro*'l o( "$i7or)i&'&ce wi"$i& w$ic$ "o wi&) up 8u7i&e77 oper'"io&7 or "o"r'&7(er "o '&y pl'ce ou"7i)e o( "$e Er#i"' M'l'"e 're' or

co&*er" 7'i) 8u7i&e77e7 "o o"$er i&)7 o( 8u7i&e77 'llow'8lewi"$i& "$e 're', % 0* a% b # $"# &! !#ed #":

'( C r!" "r a$#!; e %*"p7( S" e$!r S*"p%9( Ha$d!0ra)#% d!%p&ay 0e$#er%=( Ar# ga&&er!e%( Re0"rd% a$d %!0 %*"p%>( Re%#a ra$#%5( C"))ee %*"p%( F&"+er %*"p%

6( 4 %!0 &" $ge a$d %!$g-a&"$g re%#a ra$#%, +!#* +e&&-de)!$ed a0#! !#!e% )"r +*"&e%" e )a !&y e$#er#a!$ e$# #*a# 0a#er #"

b"#* &"0a& a$d )"re!g$ 0&!e$#e&e('@( T*ea#er% e$gaged !$ #*e e3*!b!#!"$, $"# "$&y ") "#!"$

p!0# re% b # a&%" ") 0 ra& %*"+%, %#age a$d #*ea#r!0a& p&ay%,e3*!b!#!"$%, 0"$0er#% a$d #*e &!.e(

''( B %!$e%%e% a&&"+ab&e +!#*!$ #*e &a+ a$d ed!!$#e$%!#y d!%#r!0#% a% pr" !ded )"r !$ #*e "$!$g "rd!$a$0e% )"r 4e#r"p"&!#a$ 4a$!&a, e30ep# $e+ +are*" %e "r "pe$-%#"rage dep"#,d"0. "r yard, "#"r repa!r %*"p, ga%"&!$e %er !0e %#a#!"$, &!g*#!$d %#ry +!#* a$y a0*!$ery, "r ) $era& e%#ab&!%* e$#%(

T$e "e7"7 o( ' *'li) or)i&'&ce 're well e7"'8li7$e) ( A &"$g &!$e") de0!%!"$% *a% *e&d #*a# )"r a$ "rd!$a$0e #" be a&!d, !# %# $"#"$&y be +!#*!$ #*e 0"rp"ra#e p"+er% ") #*e &"0a& g" er$ e$# $!# #"

e$a0# a$d %# be pa%%ed a00"rd!$g #" #*e pr"0ed re pre%0r!bed by&a+, !# %# a&%" 0"$)"r #" #*e )"&&"+!$g % b%#a$#! e re; !re e$#%:1! #u7" &o" co&"r'*e&e "$e Co&7"i"u"io& or '&y 7"'"u"e+ ! #u7"&o" 8e u&('ir or oppre77i*e+ 3! #u7" &o" 8e p'r"i'l or)i7cri#i&'"ory+ 2! #u7" &o" pro$i8i" 8u" #'y re%ul'"e "r')e+! #u7" 8e %e&er'l '&) co&7i7"e&" wi"$ pu8lic policy+ '&) 6!

#u7" &o" 8e u&re'7o&'8le.


13/373

SEC( ( T*e a!$#e$a$0e ") pea0e a$d "rder, #*e pr"#e0#!"$ ") &!)e,&!ber#y, a$d pr"per#y, a$d #*e pr" "#!"$ ") #*e ge$era& +e&)are aree%%e$#!a& )"r #*e e$8"y e$# by a&& #*e pe"p&e ") #*e b&e%%!$g%de "0ra0y( ==

SEC( '=( T*e S#a#e re0"g$! e% #*e r"&e ") +" e$ !$ $a#!"$-b !&d!$g,a$d %*a&& e$% re #*e ) $da e$#a& e; a&!#y be)"re #*e &a+ ") +" e$a$d e$( =

SEC( '( N" per%"$ %*a&& be depr! ed ") &!)e, &!ber#y "r pr"per#y+!#*" # d e pr"0e%% ") &a+, $"r %*a&& a$y per%"$ be de$!ed #*e e; a&

pr"#e0#!"$ ") &a+%(=>

Se0( 6( Pr! a#e pr"per#y %*a&& $"# be #a.e$ )"r p b&!0 %e +!#*" # 8 %#0" pe$%a#!"$( =5

A. T$e #r$inan%e i&(ri&%e7"$e /ue 5roce77 Cl'u7e

T*e 0"$%#!# #!"$a& %a)eg ard ") d e pr"0e%% !% e b"d!ed !$ #*e)!a# /N2" per%"$ %*a&& be depr! ed ") &!)e, &!ber#y "r pr"per#y+!#*" # d e pr"0e%% ") &a+( ( ( ( =

T*ere !% $" 0"$#r"&&!$g a$d pre0!%e de)!$!#!"$ ") d e pr"0e%%( I#

) r$!%*e% #*" g* a %#a$dard #" +*!0* g" er$ e$#a& a0#!"$ %*" &d0"$)"r !$ "rder #*a# depr! a#!"$ ") &!)e, &!ber#y "r pr"per#y, !$ ea0*appr"pr!a#e 0a%e, be a&!d( T*!% %#a$dard !% ap#&y de%0r!bed a% re%p"$%! e$e%% #" #*e % pre a0y ") rea%"$, "bed!e$0e #" #*e d!0#a#e%") 8 %#!0e,=6 a$d a% % 0* !# !% a &! !#a#!"$ p"$ #*e e3er0!%e ") #*e

p"&!0e p"+er( @

T*e p rp"%e ") #*e g ara$#y !% #" pre e$# g" er$ e$#a&e$0r"a0* e$# aga!$%# #*e &!)e, &!ber#y a$d pr"per#y ") !$d! !d a&%1 #"

%e0 re #*e !$d! !d a& )r" #*e arb!#rary e3er0!%e ") #*e p"+er% ") #*eg" er$ e$#, $re%#ra!$ed by #*e e%#ab&!%*ed pr!$0!p&e% ") pr! a#er!g*#% a$d d!%#r!b #! e 8 %#!0e1 #" pr"#e0# pr"per#y )r" 0"$)!%0a#!"$

by &eg!%&a#! e e$a0# e$#%, )r" %e! re, )"r)e!# re, a$d de%#r 0#!"$+!#*" # a #r!a& a$d 0"$ !0#!"$ by #*e "rd!$ary "de ") 8 d!0!a&

pr"0ed re1 a$d #" %e0 re #" a&& per%"$% e; a& a$d ! par#!a& 8 %#!0ea$d #*e be$e)!# ") #*e ge$era& &a+('

T*e g ara$#y %er e% a% a pr"#e0#!"$ aga!$%# arb!#rary reg &a#!"$,

a$d pr! a#e 0"rp"ra#!"$% a$d par#$er%*!p% are per%"$% +!#*!$ #*e%0"pe ") #*e g ara$#y !$%")ar a% #*e!r pr"per#y !% 0"$0er$ed(7

T*!% 0&a %e *a% bee$ !$#erpre#ed a% ! p"%!$g #+" %epara#e &! !#%"$ g" er$ e$#, % a&&y 0a&&ed pr"0ed ra& d e pr"0e%% a$d% b%#a$#! e d e pr"0e%%(

Pr"0ed ra& d e pr"0e%%, a% #*e p*ra%e ! p&!e%, re)er% #" #*e pr"0ed re% #*a# #*e g" er$ e$# %# )"&&"+ be)"re !# depr! e% a per%"$ ") &!)e, &!ber#y, "r pr"per#y( C&a%%!0 pr"0ed ra& d e pr"0e%%!%% e% are 0"$0er$ed +!#* +*a# .!$d ") $"#!0e a$d +*a# )"r ")

'9
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn44%23_ftn44http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn45%23_ftn45http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn46%23_ftn46http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn47%23_ftn47http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn48%23_ftn48http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn49%23_ftn49http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn50%23_ftn50http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn51%23_ftn51http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn52%23_ftn52http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn44%23_ftn44http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn45%23_ftn45http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn46%23_ftn46http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn47%23_ftn47http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn48%23_ftn48http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn49%23_ftn49http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn50%23_ftn50http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn51%23_ftn51http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2005/apr2005/118127.htm#_ftn52%23_ftn52


14/373

*ear!$g #*e g" er$ e$# %# pr" !de +*e$ !# #a.e% a par#!0 &ar a0#!"$( 9

S b%#a$#! e d e pr"0e%%, a% #*a# p*ra%e 0"$$"#e%, a%.% +*e#*er #*e g" er$ e$# *a% a$ ade; a#e rea%"$ )"r #a.!$g a+ay a per%"$


15/373

L'c i&% ' co&curre&ce o( "$e7e "wo reBui7i"e7, "$e police#e'7ure 7$'ll 8e 7"ruc )ow& '7 '& 'r8i"r'ry i&"ru7io& i&"opri*'"e ri%$"7 '&) ' *iol'"io& o( "$e )ue proce77 cl'u7e.

T*e Or5inan#e +a% e$a0#ed #" addre%% a$d arre%# #*e %"0!a& !& p rp"r#ed&y %pa+$ed by #*e e%#ab&!%* e$#% !$ #*e Er !#a-4a&a#earea +*!0* are a&&eged&y "pera#ed $der #*e de0ep#! e e$eer ") &eg!#! a#e, &!0e$%ed a$d #a3-pay!$g $!g*#0& b%, bar%, .ara".e bar%,g!r&!e *" %e%, 0"0.#a!& &" $ge%, *"#e&% a$d "#e&%( Pe#!#!"$er% !$%#*a# e e$ #*e C" r# !$ #*e 0a%e ") !r0ita Malate otel an5 Motel O erators Asso#iation, In#4 v4 Cit- Ma-or of Manila >9 *ad a&ready#a.e$ 8 d!0!a& $"#!0e ") #*e a&ar !$g !$0rea%e !$ #*e ra#e ")

pr"%#!# #!"$, ad ery a$d )"r$!0a#!"$ !$ 4a$!&a #ra0eab&e !$ grea# par# #" e3!%#e$0e ") "#e&%, +*!0* pr" !de a $e0e%%ary a# "%p*ere)"r 0&a$de%#!$e e$#ry, pre%e$0e a$d e3!# a$d #* % be0" e #*e !dea&*a e$ )"r pr"%#!# #e% a$d #*r!&&-%ee.er%(>=

T*e "b8e0# ") #*e Or5inan#e +a%, a00"rd!$g&y, #*e pr" "#!"$ a$d pr"#e0#!"$ ") #*e %"0!a& a$d "ra& a& e% ") #*e 0" $!#y(Gra$#!$g )"r #*e %a.e ") arg e$# #*a# #*e "b8e0#! e% ") #*eOr5inan#e are +!#*!$ #*e %0"pe ") #*e C!#y C" $0!&


16/373

%on&tit'tionally infir*

T*e Or5inan#e d!%a&&"+% #*e "pera#!"$ ") %a $a par&"r%, a%%age par&"r%, .ara".e bar%, beer*" %e%, $!g*# 0& b%, day 0& b%, % per 0& b%, d!%0"#*e; e%, 0abare#%, da$0e *a&&%, "#e&% a$d !$$% !$ #

Er !#a-4a&a#e area( I$ Se0#!"$ 9 #*ere"), "+$er% a$d "r "pera#"r% ") #*e e$ era#ed e%#ab&!%* e$#% are g! e$ #*ree /92 "$#*% )r" #*eda#e ") appr" a& ") #*e Or5inan#e +!#*!$ +*!0* #" +!$d p

b %!$e%% "pera#!"$% "r #" #ra$%)er #" a$y p&a0e " #%!de #*e Er !#a-4a&a#e area "r 0"$ er# %a!d b %!$e%%e% #" "#*er .!$d% ") b %!$e%%a&&"+ab&e +!#*!$ #*e area( F r#*er, !# %#a#e% !$ Se0#!"$ = #*a# !$0a%e% ") % b%e; e$# !"&a#!"$% ") #*e pr" !%!"$% ") #*e Ord!$a$0e,#*e pre !%e% ") #*e err!$g e%#ab&!%* e$# %*a&& be 0&"%ed a$

pad&"0.ed per a$e$#&y(

I# !% read!&y appare$# #*a# #*e ea$% e p&"yed by #*eOr5inan#e)"r #*e a0*!e e e$# ") !#% p rp"%e%, #*e g" er$ e$#a& !$#er)ere$0e!#%e&), !$)r!$ge% "$ #*e 0"$%#!# #!"$a& g ara$#ee% ") a per%"$510( ICHONG VS( HERNANDE , '@' P*!&( ''d( CHURCHILL VS( RAFFERTY, 97 P*!&( @

e( PEOPLE VS( PO4AR, => P*!&( ==5)( US VS( TORIBIO, ' P*!&( g( VELASCO VS( VILLEGAS, Febr ary '9, '6 9*( ILOILO ICE Q COLD STORAGE VS( 4UNICIPAL COUNCIL,

7= P*!&( =5'!( AGUSTIN VS( EDU, SCRA '6

8( YNOT VS( IAC, '= SCRA > 6

RESTIT TO Y-OT VS. THE ITERME/IATE A55ELLATECO RT, :.R. -o. 22 ,M'rc$ ;, 19 Cr , ?(

Fa0#%: '( O$ ?a$ ary, '9, '6 =, Y$"# #ra$%p"r#ed %!3 0araba"% by %!$g a

p pb"a# )r" 4a%ba#e #" I&"!&"( T*e %!3 0araba"%, +ere, *"+e er,0"$)!%0a#ed by #*e P"&!0e S#a#!"$ C" a$der ") Bara#"0 N e ",I&"!&" )"r a&&eged !"&a#!"$ ") E3e0 #! e Order N"( >7>-A +*!0*

pr"*!b!#% #*e !$#er-pr" !$0!a& #ra$%p"r#!$g ") 0araba"% a$d 0arabee)%+*!0* d"e% $"# 0" p&y +!#* #*e pr" !%!"$% ") E3e0 #! e N"(>7>1

7( T*a# Se0#!"$ ' ") #*e %a!d &a+ pr" !de% #*a# *e$0e)"r#*, $"0araba"% regard&e%% ") age, %e3 p*y%!0a& 0"$d!#!"$ "r p rp"%e a$d $"0arabee) %*a&& be #ra$%p"r#ed )r" "$e pr" !$0e #" a$"#*er( T*e0araba" "r 0arabee) #ra$%p"r#ed !$ !"&a#!"$ ") #*e %a!d &a+ %*a&& be% b8e0#ed #" 0"$)!%0a#!"$ a$d )"r)e!# re by #*e g" er$ e$# #" bed!%#r!b #ed #" 0*ar!#ab&e !$%#!# #!"$ a$d %! !&ar !$%#!# #!"$% a% C*a!r a$ ") #*e Na#!"$a& ea# !$%pe0#!"$ C" !%%!"$ ay %ee )!#!$ #*e 0a%e ") #*e 0arabee), a$d #" de%er !$g )ar er% #*r" g* #*ed!%per%a& ") #*e D!re0#"r ") A$! a& I$d %#ry, !$ #*e 0a%e ") 0araba"%1

7@


21/373

9( Y$"# )!&ed a % !# )"r re0" ery a$d #*e 0araba" +ere re# r$ed #"*! p"$ #*e !%% a$0e ") a +r!# ") rep&e !$ p"$ *!% )!&!$g ") a% per%ede a% b"$d !$ #*e a " $# ") P'7,@@@(@@1

=( A)#er #r!a& ") #*e 0a%e, #*e ? dge p*e&d #*e a&!d!#y ") #*e a0# ")

#*e P"&!0e S#a#!"$ C" a$der !$ 0"$)!%0a#!$g #*e 0araba"%( Y$"#+a% "rdered #" re# r$ed #*e 0araba"% b # %!$0e *e 0" &d $"# d" %",#*e 0" r# "rdered #*e 0"$)!%0a#!"$ ") #*e b"$d( T*e 0" r# re) %ed #"r &e "$ #*e 0"$%#!# #!"$a&!#y ") #*e %a!d E3e0 #! e Order "$ #*egr" $d ") &a0. ") a #*"r!#y #" d" %" a$d a&%" be0a %e ") !#% pre% eda&!d!#y1

( T*e pe#!#!"$er appea&ed #" #*e IAC b # #*e %a!d 0" r# p*e&d #*e

de0!%!"$ ") #*e Tr!a& C" r#( He$0e #*!% pe#!#!"$ )"r re !e+ "$0er#!"rar! be)"re #*e S pre e C" r# +*ere YNOT 0&a! ed #*a# #*e pe$ay ") 0"$)!%0a#!"$ !% INVALID #*e %a e +a% ! p"%ed +!#*" #a00"rd!$g #*e "+$er #*e r!g*# #" be *eard be)"re a 0" pe#e$# a$d! par#!a& #r!b $a& a% g ara$#eed by d e pr"0e%%(

I%% e%: '( 4ay a &"+er 0" r# /&!.e #*e 4TC, RTC, ") #*e C" r# ") Appea&%2de0&are a &a+ $0"$%#!# #!"$a&

7( I% E3e0 #! e Order N"( >7>-A 0"$%#!# #!"$a&

S b-!%% e% $der #*!% are:

a( a% !# a a&!d p"&!0e p"+er ea% re b( a% #*ere a$ $d e de&ega#!"$ ") &eg!%&a#! e p"+er

He&d:'( *!&e #*e &"+er 0" r#% %*" &d "b%er e a be0" !$g "de%#y !$e3a !$!$g 0"$%#!# #!"$a& ; e%#!"$, THEY ARE NOT PREVENTEDFRO4 RESOLVING THE SA4E HENEVER ARRANTED,% b8e0# "$&y #" re !e+ by #*e % pre e 0" r#( T*!% !% %" be0a %e$der Se0#!"$ , 7/a2 , Ar#( VIII, ") #*e '6 5 C"$%#!# #!"$ pr" !de%#*a# #*e S pre e C" r# *a% #*e p"+er #" re !e+, re !%e, re er%e,

"d!)y "r a))!r "$ appea& "r 0er#!"rar! a% #*e r &e% ") 0" r# ay pr" !de, )!$a& 8 dge e$#% a$d "rder% ") #*e &"+er 0" r#% !$ a&& 0a%e%!$ "& !$g #*e 0"$%#!# #!"$a&!#y ") 0er#a!$ ea% re%( T*!% %! p&yea$% #*a# &"+er 0" r#% ay de0&are +*e#*er "r $"# a &a+ !%

0"$%#!# #!"$a&(

7. I& or)er "$'" ' #e'7ure or l'w #'y 8e u7"i(ie) u&)er "$epolice power o( "$e 7"'"e, i" #u7" #ee" "wo "e7"7G

'. "$e 7u8 ec" #u7" 8e l'w(ul+ '&)

7'


22/373

8. "$e #e'&7 e#ploye) i7 l'w(ul (

S!$0e #*e pr"*!b!#!"$ ") #*e %&a g*#er!$g ") 0araba"% e30ep#+*ere #*ey are a# &ea%# 5 year% "&d +*e$ a&e a$d a# &ea%# '' year%"&d +*e$ )e a&e !% !$ ) r#*era$0e ") #*e p b&!0 !$#ere%# %!$0e %a!d

0araba"% are ery %e) & #" #*e +"r. a# #*e )ar , !# !% 0"$0eded#*a# #*e E3e0 #! e Order ee#% #*e )!r%# #e%#---- !# *a% &a+) & % b8e0#

B # d"e% #*e &a+ ee#% #*e %e0"$d re; !%!#e "r #e%# +*!0* !%&a+) & e#*"d

E3e0 #! e Order N"( >7>-A ! p"%e% a$ ab%"& #e ba$ $"# "$ #*e%&a g*#er!$g ") 0araba"% BUT ON THIER 4OVE4ENT, pr" !d!$g

#*a# $" 0araba" regard&e%% ") age, %e3, p*y%!0a& 0"$d!#!"$ "r p rp"%e a$d $" 0arabee) %*a&& be #ra$%p"r#ed )r" "$e pr" !$0e #"a$"#*er( T*e rea%"$ab&e 0"$$e0#!"$ be#+ee$ #*e ea$% e p&"yeda$d #*e p rp"%e %" g*# #" be a0*!e ed by #*e ; e%#!"$ ea% re !%!%%!$g( e d" $"# %ee *"+ #*e pr"*!b!#!"$ ") #*e !$#er-pr" !$0!ara$%p"r# 0a$ pre e$# #*e!r !$d!%0r! !$a#e %&a g*#er 0"$%!der!$g #*a##*ey 0a$ be .!&&ed a$y +*ere, +!#* $" &e%% d!))!0 y !$ "$e pr" !$0e#*a$ !$ #*e "#*er( Ob !" %&y, re#a!$!$g a 0araba" !$ "$e pr" !$0e +!&&$"# pre e$# #*e!r %&a g*#er #*ere, a$y "re #*a$ " !$g #*e #"a$"#*er pr" !$0e +!&& a.e !# ea%!er #" .!&& #*e #*ere(

T*e &a+ !% $0"$%#!# #!"$a& be0a %e !# %#r 0. a# "$0e a$d p" $0ed p"$ #*e pe#!#!"$er +!#*" # g! !$g *! a 0*a$0e #" be*eard, #* % de$y!$g *! #*e 0e$# r!e%-"&d g ara$#ee ") e&e e$#ary)a!r p&ay(

S!$0e #*e E3e0 #! e Order !$ ; e%#!"$ !% a pe$a& &a+, #*e$!"&a#!"$ #*ere") %*" &d be pr"$" $0e $"# by #*e p"&!0e BUT BY ACOURT OF ?USTICE, HICH ALONE OULD HAVE HADTHE AUTHORITY TO I4POSE THE PRESCRIBED PENALTY,AND ONLY AFTER TRIAL AND CONVICTION OF THEACCUSED(

A&%", #*ere !% $" rea%"$ab&e g !de&!$e% "r ba%e% ") #*e D!re0#"") A$! a& I$d %#ry "r #*e C*a!r a$ ") #*e NATIONAL 4ea#

I$%pe0#!"$ C" !%%!"$ !$ #*e d!%p"%!#!"$ ") #*e 0araba"% "r 0arabee) "#*er #*a$ +*a# #*ey ay %ee )!# +*!0* !% ery da$ger" %a$d 0" &d re% #" "pp"r# $!#!e% )"r par#!a&!#y a$d ab %e, a$d e e$gra)# a$d 0"rr p#!"$(

T*e E3e0 #! e Order !%, #*ere)"re, !$ a&!d a$d $0"$%#!# #!"$a&a$d $"# a a&!d p"&!0e p"+er ea% re be0a %e #*e 4ETHODE4PLOYED TO CONSERVE CARABAOS IS NOT

REASONABLY NECESSARY TO THE PURPOSE OF THE LAAND, ORSE IS UNDULY OPPRESSIVE( DUE PROCESS IS

77


23/373

VIOLATED BECAUSE THE O NER OF THE PROPERTYCONFISCATED IS DENIED THE RIGHT TO BE HEARD IN HISDEFENSE AND IS I44EDIATELY CONDE4NED ANDPUNISHED( THE CONFER4ENT ON THE AD4INISTRATIVEAUTHORITIES /&!.e #*e p"&!0e2 OF THE PO ER TO AD?UDGE

THE GUILT OF THE SUPPOSED OFFENDER IS A CLEAR ENCROACH4ENT OF ?UDICIAL FUNCTIONS AND4ILITATES AGAINST THE DOCTRINE OF SEPARATIION OFPO ERS(

A&%", #*ere !% $d e de&ega#!"$ ") &eg!%&a#! e p"+er #" #*e"))!0er% e$#!"$ed #*ere!$ /D!re0#"r ") A$! a& I$d %#ry a$d Head") #*e Na#!"$a& 4ea# C" !%%!"$2 be0a %e #*ey +ere g! e$

$&! !#ed d!%0re#!"$ !$ #*e d!%#r!b #!"$ ") #*e pr"per#y 0"$)!%0a#ed(

.( TA ICAB OPERATORS VS( BOT, ''6 SCRA 65&( BAUTISTA VS( ?UINIO, '75 SCRA 976

MARY CO-CE5CIO- 4A TISTA VS. AL RE/O J I-IO,ET AL, 1 SCRA 3 9

Fer$a$d", C(?('c"7G '( O$ 4ay 9', '656, Pre%!de$# 4ar0"% !%% ed Le##er ") I$%#r 0#!"$

N"( >6 pr"*!b!#!$g #*e %e ") pr! a#e "#"r e*!0&e% +!#* H/Hea y Ve*!0&e%2 a$d EH /E3#ra Hea y Ve*!0&e%2 "$ +ee.-e$d% a$d*"&!day% )r" '7:@@ a( ( Sa# rday "r$!$g #" :@@ a( ( 4"$day"r$!$g, "r ':@@ a( ( ") #*e *"&!day #" :@@ a( ( ") #*e day a)#er #*e*"&!day( 4"#"r e*!0&e% ") #*e )"&&"+!$g 0&a%%!)!0a#!"$% are *"+e er,e3e p#ed:

'( S----%er !0e17( T----Tr 0.19( DPL--D!p&" a#!01=( CC---C"$% &ar C"rp%1 a$d( TC---T" r!%# Car%

7( O$ ? $e '', '656, #*e #*e$ C" !%%!"$er ") La$d Tra$%p"r#a#!"$,RO4EO EDU !%% ed C!r0 &ar N"( 96 ! p"%!$g #*e pe$a!e% ") )!$e, 0"$)!%0a#!"$ ") e*!0&e a$d 0a$0e&&a#!"$ ") reg!%#ra#!"$ "$"+$er% ") #*e ab" e-%pe0!)!ed )" $d !"&a#!$g % 0* &e##er ") I$%#r 0#!"$% 1

9( Ba #!%#a !% ; e%#!"$!$g #*e 0"$%#!# #!"$a&!#y ") #*e LOI a$d #*e

I p&e e$#!$g C!r0 &ar "$ #*e gr" $d% #*a#:

79


24/373

a( T*e ba$$!$g ") H a$d EH e*!0&e% !% $)a!r, d!%0r! !$a#"ry, a$darb!#rary a$d #* % 0"$#ra e$e% #*e E UAL PROTECTIONCLAUSE1 a$d

b( T*e LOI de$!e% #*e "+$er% ") H a$d EH e*!0&e% ") d e pr"0e%%, "re %pe0!)!0a&&y ") #*e!r r!g*# #" %e a$d e$8"y #*e!r pr! a#e pr"per#y a$d ") #*e!r )reed" #" #ra e& a$d *"&d )a !&yga#*er!$g%, re $!"$%, " #!$g% "$ +ee.-e$d% a$d *"&!day%, +*!&e#*"%e $"# !$0& ded !$ #*e pr"*!b!#!"$ are e$8"y!$g $re%#r!0#ed)reed" 1

0( T*e C!r0 &ar !"&a#e% #*e pr"*!b!#!"$ aga!$%# $d ede&ega#!"$ ") &eg!%&a#! e p"+er be0a %e #*e LOI d"e% $"# ! p"%e #*e

pe$ay ") 0"$)!%0a#!"$(

HEL/G

'( I# %# be p"!$#ed " # #*a# #*e LOI +a% pr" &ga#ed #"%"& e #*e "!& 0r!%!% +*!0* +a% be%e##!$g #*e 0" $#ry a# #*a# #! e( I+a% #*ere)"re a a&!d p"&!0e p"+er ea% re #" e$% re% #*e 0" $#ryM%e0"$" y a% a re% ") %p!ra&&!$g ) e& pr!0e%( I$ #*e !$#erp&ay ")Ba #!%#aM% r!g*# #" d e pr"0e%% a$d #*e e3er0!%e ") p"&!0e p"+er by#*e S#a#e, #*e &a##er %# be g! e$ &ee+ay( T*e p"&!0e p"+er !%!$#e$ded #" pr" "#e p b&!0 *ea*, p b&!0 "ra&%, p b&!0 %a)e#y a$dge$era& +e&)are(

7( T*e pe#!#!"$er%M 0&a! #*a# #*e!r r!g*# #" e; a& pr"#e0#!"$ +a%!"&a#ed !% +!#*" # ba%!%( T*!% !% %" be0a %e #*ere !% a a&

0&a%%!)!0a#!"$ !$ #*!% 0a%e( De)!$!#e&y, Hea y a$d E3#ra-Hea ye*!0&e% 0"$% e "re ga%"&!$e #*a# #*e "#*er .!$d% ") e*!0&e% a$d!# !% b # pr"per #" reg &a#e #*e %e ") #*"%e +*!0* 0"$% e% "rega%"&!$e( I) a&& #*e "+$er ") H a$d EH e*!0&e% are #rea#ed !$ #*e%a e )a%*!"$, "r +*a#e er re%#r!0#!"$% 0a%# "$ %" e !$ #*e gr" p !%*e&d e; a&&y b!$d!$g "$ #*e re%#, #*ere !% $" !"&a#!"$ ") #*e e; a&

pr"#e0#!"$ 0&a %e(

9( T*e pe$ay ") i*po'n$in #*e e*!0&e a% e b"d!ed !$C!r0 &ar N"( 96 *a% $" %#a# #"ry ba%!%( T*ere)"re, !# !% $"# a&!d

be!$g a$ ra !re% (

(ASSOCIATION OF S4ALL LANDO NERS VS( SECRETARYOF AGRARIAN REFOR4, '5 SCRA 9=9

$( DECS VS( SAN DIEGO, ' @ SCRA 99"( VILLANUEVA VS( CASTANEDA, Sep#e ber 7', '6 5

-a( N"# a a&!d e3er0!%e ") p"&!0e p"+er

7=


25/373


26/373

Fa0#%:

'( O$ ? $e , '6 =, I4ELDA 4ARCOS a$d ?OSE DANS, a%C*a!r a$ a$d V!0e C*a!r a$ ") #*e L!g*# Ra!&+ay Tra$%!#A #*"r!#y /LRTA2 e$#ered !$#" a Lea%e C"$#ra0# +!#* #*e P*!&!pp!$e

Ge$era& H"%p!#a& F" $da#!"$ /PGHFI2 !$ "& !$g a$ LRTA pr"per#y!$ Pa%ay C!#y )"r P'@7,5>@(@@ per "$#* )"r 7 year%1

7( O$ ? $e 75,'6 =, #*e PGHFI % b&ea%ed #*e %a!d pr"per#y )"r P59=,@@@(@@ per "$#* #" #*e Tra$%$a#!"$a& C"$%#r 0#!"C"rp"ra#!"$ repre%e$#ed by "$e Ig$a0!" ? e$e 1

9( A)#er pe#!#!"$er


27/373

%e%%!"$% ") #*e 0" r# %*a&& be d"$e "$&y !$ !#% pr!$0!pa& "))!0e4a$!&a a$d #*a# "$&y 8 %#!0e% be&"$g!$g #" #*e d! !%!"$ %*" &d 8"!$#*e de&!bera#!"$%(

Hel)G

T*e pe#!#!"$er !% *ereby a0; !##ed(

'( T*e grea# d!%par!#y be#+ee$ #*e re$#a& pr!0e ") #*e &ea%e agree e$#%!g$ed by #*e pe#!#!"$er /P'@7,5>@(@@ per "$#*2 a$d #*e % b-&ea%ere$#a& /P59=,@@@(@@ per "$#*2 d"e% $"# $e0e%%ar!&y re$der #"$#*&y ra#e ") P'@7,5>@(@@ a$!)e%#&y a$d gr"%%&yd!%ad a$#age" % #" #*e g" er$ e$# !$ #*e ab%e$0e ") a$y e !de$0e

%!$g re$#a&% ") ad8a0e$# pr"per#!e% %*"+!$g #*a# #*e re$#a&% !$ # pr"per#y % b8e0# ") #*e &ea%e agree e$# !% !$deed ery &"+( NOEVIDENCE HATSOEVER AS PRESENTED BY THEPROSECUTION REGARDING THE RENTAL RATE OFAD?ACENT PROPERTIES(( A% % 0*, #*e pr"%e0 #!"$ )a!&ed #"

pr" e #*e g ! ") #*e pe#!#!"$er rea%"$ab&e d" b#(

7( T*e 0" r# $"#e% &!.e+!%e #*e b!a% a$d pre8 d!0e ") Pre%!d!$g? %#!0e Gar0*!#"re$a aga!$%# #*e pe#!#!"$er a% %*"+$ by *!% &ead!$g!%&ead!$g a$d ba%e&e%% *yp"#*e#!0a& ; e%#!"$% ") %a!d 8 %#!0eRA4ON F( CUERVO, +!#$e%% )"r #*e pe#!#!"$er( Sa!d 8 %#!0e a%.ed'56 ; e%#!"$% #" #*e +!#$e%% a% aga!$%# #*e pr"%e0 #"r +*" 0r"%%-e3a !$ed #*e +!#$e%% +*!0* +a% 59( Sa!d $ ber ") ; e%#!"$% 0" &d$" &"$ger be de%0r!bed a% 0&ar!)!0a#"ry ; e%#!"$% ( A$"#*er gr" $d#*ere)"re )"r #*e a0; !##a& ") #*e pe#!#!"$er !% #*a# %*e +a% de$!edI4PARTIAL TRIAL be)"re #*e Sa$d!ga$baya$( T*!% !% "$e rea%"$+*y #*e 0a%e 0" &d $" &"$ger be re a$ded #" #*e Sa$d!ga$baya$e%pe0!a&&y %" #*a# #*e "#*er Sa$d!ga$baya$ ? %#!0e% !$ #*e Spe0!aD! !%!"$ ") *a e re#!red( T*ere !% #*ere)"re $" 0" pe&&!$g rea%"$+*y #*e 0a%e %*" &d %#!&& be re a$ded #" #*e &"+er 0" r# +*e$ a&*e e !de$0e are a&ready +!#* #*e S pre e C" r#(

/NOTE: T*e "#e +a% 6- )"r A0; !##a&( C? Nar a%a, ? %#!0e%Rega&ad", Da !de, ?r(, R" er", a$d Pa$ga$!ba$ "#ed )"r 0"$ !0#!"$+*!&e ? %#!0e V!# g +a% #*e "$&y ? %#!0e +*" "#ed )"r #*e re# r$ ")

#*e 0a%e #" #*e Sa$d!ga$baya$ #" a&&"+ #*e 0"rre0#!"$% ") #*e per0e! ed !rreg &ar!#!e%< !$ #*e pr"0eed!$g% be&"+(2

c. /45 VS. CA, J'&u'ry 9, 1999). MAT : I-A VS. CA, 63 SCRA 29;e. 5EO5LE VS. CA, 6 SCRA 2(. JAVIER VS. COMELEC, 122 SCRA 192

75


28/373

JAVIER VS. COMELEC G(R( N"(L- > 956- '7, Sep#e ber 77, '6 >

ACTSG

'( T*e pe#!#!"$er E e&!" ?a !er a$d #*e pr! a#e re%p"$de$# Ar# r"Pa0!)!0ad"r +ere 0a$d!da#e% !$ A$#!; e )"r #*e Ba#a%a$g Pa ba$%ae&e0#!"$ !$ 4ay '6 =1

7( A&&eg!$g %er!" % a$" a&!e% !$ #*e 0"$d 0# ") #*e e&e0#!"$% a$d#*e 0a$ a%% ") #*e e&e0#!"$ re# r$%, ?a !er +e$# #" #*e CO4ELEC #"

pre e$# #*e ! pe$d!$g pr"0&a a#!"$ ") *!% r! a&1

9( O$ 4ay ' , '6 =, #*e Se0"$d D! !%!"$ ") #*e CO4ELECd!re0#ed #*e pr" !$0!a& b"ard ") 0a$ a%%er% #" pr"0eed +!#* #*e0a$ a%% b # #" % %pe$d #*e pr"0&a a#!"$ ") #*e +!$$!$g 0a$d!da#e$#!& ) r#*er "rder%1

=( O$ ? $e 5, '6 =, #*e %a e Se0"$d D! !%!"$ "rdered #*e b"ard #"! ed!a#e&y 0"$ e$e a$d #" pr"0&a! #*e +!$$er +!#*" # pre8 d!0e#" #*e " #0" e ") #*e pe#!#!"$ )!&ed by ?a !er +!#* #*e CO4ELEC1

( O$ 0er#!"rar! +!#* #*e S(C( #*e pr"0&a a#!"$ ade by #*e B"ard") Ca$ a%%er% +a% %e# a%!de a% pre a# re, *a !$g bee$ ade be)"re#*e &ap%e ") #*e - day per!"d ") appea&, +*!0* #*e pe#!#!"$er %ea%"$ab&y ade1

>( O$ ? &y 79, '6 = #*e Se0"$d D! !%!"$ !#%e&) pr"0&a! edPa0!)!0ad"r #*e e&e0#ed a%%e b&y a$ ") A$#!; e(

ISS E :

a% #*e Se0"$d D! !%!"$ ") #*e CO4ELEC, a #*"r! ed #" pr" &ga#e !#% de0!%!"$ ") ? &y 79, '6 = pr"0&a! !$g Pa0!)!0ad"r #*e+!$$er !$ #*e e&e0#!"$

APPLICABLE PROVISIONS OF THE CONSITUTION:

T*e app&!0ab&e pr" !%!"$% ") #*e '659 C"$%#!# #!"$ are Ar#( II-C, %e0%( 7 a$d 9, +*!0* pr" !de:

Se0#!"$ 7( Be #*e %"&e 8 dge ") a&& 0"$#e%#% re&a#!$g #" #e&e0#!"$, re# r$% a$d ; a&!)!0a#!"$% ") a&& e ber% ") #*e Ba#a%a$gPa ba$%a a$d e&e0#! e pr" !$0!a& a$d 0!#y "))!0!a&%(

Se0#!"$ 9( T*e C" !%%!"$ "$ E&e0#!"$% ay %!# e$ ba$0 "r

!$ #*ree d! !%!"$%(All elec"io& c'7e7 #'y 8e $e'r) '&) )eci)e) 8y

7


29/373

)i*i7io&7 e cep" co&"e7"7 i&*ol*i&% #e#8er7 o( "$e 4'"'7'&%5'#8'&7', w$ic$ 7$'ll 8e $e'r) '&) )eci)e) e& 8'&c ( U$&e%%"#*er+!%e pr" !ded by &a+, a&& e&e0#!"$ 0a%e% %*a&& be de0!ded +!#*$!$e#y day% )r" #*e da#e ") #*e!r % b !%%!"$ )"r de0!%!"$(

CONTENTIONS OF THE PARTIES:

Pe#!#!"$er:

T*e pr"0&a a#!"$ ade by #*e Se0"$d D! !%!"$ !% !$ a&!d be0a %e a&& 0"$#e%#% !$ "& !$g e ber% ") #*e Ba#a%a$g Pa ba$%a0" e $der #*e 8 r!%d!0#!"$ ") #*e C" !%%!"$ "$ E&e0#!"$% e&8'&c.

Re%p"$de$#%:

O$&y 0"$#e%#% $eed #" be *eard a$d de0!dede& 8'&c, 'll o"$erc'7e7 c'& 8e i& ('c", 7$oul) 8e (ile) wi"$ '&) )eci)e) o&ly 8y'&y o( "$e "$ree )i*i7io&7.

T*ere !% a d!))ere$0e be#+ee$ 0"$#e%#% a$d 0a%e% a$d a&%" ad!))ere$0e be#+ee$ pre-pr"0&a a#!"$ 0"$#r" er%!e% a$d e&e0#!"$

pr"#e%#% ( T*e pre-pr"0&a a#!"$ 0"$#r" er%y be#+ee$ #*e pe#!#!"$er a$d #*e pr! a#e re%p"$de$# +a% $"# ye# a 0"$#e%# a# #*e #! e a$d#*ere)"re 0" &d be a&!d&y *eard by a ere d! !%!"$ ") #*eC" !%%!"$ "$ e&e0#!"$%, 0"$%"$a$# +!#* Se0( 9( T*e !%% e a# #*a#%#age +a% %#!&& ad !$!%#ra#! e a$d 0" &d be re%"& ed by a d! !%!"$(

HEL/ :

a( T*e S(C( de0!ded #" re%"& e #*e 0a%e e e$ !) #*e Ba#a%a$gPa ba$%a *ad a&ready bee$ ab"&!%*ed by #*e A; !$" g" er$ e$#,a$d e e$ !) ?a !er *ad a&ready d!ed !$ #*e ea$#! e( T*!% +a%

be0a %e ") !#% de%!re )"r #*!% 0a%e #" %er e a% a g !da$0e )"r #*e) # re( T* % !# %a!d: T*e S pre e C" r# !% $"# "$&y #*e *!g*e%#arb!#er ") &ega& ; e%#!"$% b # a&%" #*e 0"$%0!e$0e ") #*e g" er$ e$#(T*e 0!#! e$ 0" e% #" % !$ ; e%# ") &a+ b # +e %# a&%" g! e *!

8 %#!0e( T*e #+" are $"# a&+ay% #*e %a e( T*ere are #! e% +*e$ +e

0a$$"# gra$# #*e &a##er be0a %e #*e !%% e *a% bee$ %e##&ed ade0!%!"$ !% $" &"$ger p"%%!b&e a00"rd!$g #" &a+( B # #*ere are a&%#! e% +*e$ a*" g* #*e d!%p #e *a% d!%appeared, a% !$ #*!% 0a%e, !#$e er#*e&e%% 0r!e% " # #" be re%"& ed( ? %#!0e de a$d% #*a# +e a0#,#*e$, $"# "$&y )"r #*e !$d!0a#!"$ ") #*e " #raged r!g*#, #*" g* g"$e,

b # a&%" )"r #*e g !da$0e ") a$d a% a re%#ra!$# p"$ #*e ) # re(

b( T*e S(C( *e&d "$ #*e a!$ !%% e #*a# !$ a.!$g #*e CO4ELEC

#*e %"&e 8 dge ") a&& 0"$#e%#% !$ "& !$g #*e e&e0#!"$, re# r$% a$; a&!)!0a#!"$% ") #*e e ber% ") #*e Ba#a%a$g Pa ba$%a a$d

76


30/373

e&e0#! e pr" !$0!a& a$d 0!#y "))!0!a&%, #*e C"$%#!# #!"$ !$#e$ded #"g! e !# ) && a #*"r!#y #" *ear a$d de0!de #*e%e 0a%e% )r" beg!$$!$g#" e$d a$d "$ a&& a##er re&a#ed #*ere#", !$0& d!$g #*"%e ar!%!$g

be)"re #*e pr"0&a a#!"$ ") #*e +!$$er%(

T*e de0!%!"$ re$dered by #*e Se0"$d D! !%!"$ a&"$e +a%#*ere)"re %e# a%!de a% !"&a#! e ") #*e C"$%#!# #!"$( T*e 0a%e %*" &d*a e bee$ de0!ded e& 8'&c.

0( Pre-pr"0&a a#!"$ 0"$#r" er%!e% be0a e .$"+$ a$d de%!g$a#ed a%% 0* "$&y be0a %e ") Se0( '5 ") #*e '65 E&e0#!"$ C"de( T*e '659C"$%#!# #!"$ 0" &d $"# *a e #*ere)"re bee$ !$#e$ded #" *a e d! !ded0"$#e%#% be#+ee$ pre a$d p"%# pr"0&a a#!"$ +*e$ #*a# C"$%#!# #!"$

+a% +r!##e$ !$ '659(

d( T*e +"rd 0"$#e%#% %*" &d $"# be g! e$ a re%#r!0#! e ea$!$g1"$ #*e 0"$#rary, !# %*" &d re0e! e #*e +!de%# p"%%!b&e %0"pe0"$)"r ab&y #" #*e r &e #*a# #*e +"rd% %ed !$ #*e C"$%#!# #!"$%*" &d be !$#erpre#ed &!bera&&y( A% e p&"yed !$ #*e '659C"$%#!# #!"$, #*e #er %*" &d be $der%#""d a% re)err!$g #" a$ya##er !$ "& !$g #*e #!#&e "r 0&a! ") #!#&e #" a$ e&e0#! e "))!0e, ade

be)"re "r a)#er #*e pr"0&a a#!"$ ") #*e +!$$er, +*e#*er "r $"# #*e0"$#e%#a$# !% 0&a! !$g #*e "))!0e !$ d!%p #e(

e( T$ere w'7 'l7o ' )e&i'l o( )ue proce77 ( O$e ") #*e e ber% ") #*e Se0"$d D! !%!"$, C" !%%!"$er ?a! e Op!$!"$ +a% a &a+

par#$er ") Pa0!)!0ad"r( He de$!ed #*e "#!"$ #" d!%; a&!)y *! )r"*ear!$g #*e 0a%e( T*e C" r# *a% repea#ed&y a$d 0"$%!%#e$#&yde a$ded "$e col) &eu"r'li"y o( '& i#p'r"i'l u)%e '7 "$ei&)i7pe&7'8le i#per'"i*e o( )ue proce77 ( T" b"&%#er #*a#re; !re e$# +e *a e *e&d #*a# #*e 8 dge %# $"# "$&y be ! par#!a&

b # %# a&%" appear #" be ! par#!a& a% a$ added a%% ra$0e #" #*e par#!e% #*a# *!% de0!%!"$ +!&& be 8 %#(

%. A> L VS. CASTRO, 133 SCRA 1$. 5A/ERA-:A VS. A> RA, 136 SCRA 66i. /AVI/ VS. A ILI>A-, 92 SCRA ;

. LORE->A-A VS. CAYETA-O, SCRA 2 re7po&)e&" w'7

&o" ' p'r"y "o "$e e ec"#e&" c'7e! 7o "o e&(orce "$e )eci7io& o&$er *iol'"e7 $er ri%$" "o )ue proce77 o( l'w

. >AM4ALES CHROMITE MI-I-: VS. CA, 92 SCRA 61l. A->AL/O VS. CLAVE, 119 SCRA 3 3#.SI-:SO- VS. -LRC, 3 SCRA &. A->AL/O VS. CLAVE, 119 SCRA 3 3o. MAYOR ALO-TE VS. J /:E SAVELLA-O, SCRA 2

9@


31/373

MAYOR BAYANI ALONTE VS. JUDGE SAVELLANO,287 SCRA 245

V!# g, ?(

4ay"r A&"$#e ") B!$a$, Lag $a +a% 0*arged ") rape be)"reBra$0* 7 , RTC ") Lag $a( H"+e er, a% a re% ") a pe#!#!"$ )"r a#ra$%)er ") e$ e )!&ed by #*e pr"%e0 #!"$ a$d gra$#ed by #*e SC, *!%0a%e +a% #ra$%)erred #" RTC Bra$0* 9, 4a$!&a, pre%!ded " er by#*e re%p"$de$# 8 dge(

A)#er #*e pe#!#!"$er


32/373

9( #*a# #*e a00 %ed !% g! e$ #*e "pp"r# $!#y #" be *eard1 a$d=( #*a# 8 dg e$# !% re$dered "$&y p"$ &a+) & *ear!$g /PEOPLE VS(

DAPITAN, '65 SCRA 95 2

T*e a0# ") #*e re%p"$de$# 8 dge !$ re$der!$g a de0!%!"$ +!#*" #

e e$ g! !$g #*e pe#!#!"$er #*e r!g*# #" add 0e e !de$0e !$ *!% be*a&) !% a gr"%% !"&a#!"$ ") *!% r!g*# #" d e pr"0e%% ") &a+( T*e De0!%!"$re$dered !% NULL AND VOID )"r +a$# ") d e pr"0e%%(

p( DBP VS( CA, ?a$ ary 76, '666

. 5roce)ur'l )ue proce77 8e(ore ')#i&i7"r'"i*e 8o)ie7

a( TIBAY VS( CIR, >6 P*!&( >9

ReBui7i"e7 :

'. "$e ri%$" "o ' $e'ri&% w$ic$ i&clu)e7 "$e ri%$" "o pre7e&"e*i)e&ce+

8. "$e "ri8u&'l #u7" co&7i)er "$e e*i)e&ce pre7e&"e)+c. "$e )eci7io& #u7" $'*e 7o#e"$i&% "o 7uppor" i"7el(+). "$e e*i)e&ce #u7" 8e 7u87"'&"i'l+e. "$e )eci7io& #u7" 8e 8'7e) o& "$e e*i)e&ce pre7e&"e) )uri&% "$e

$e'ri&%+(. "$e "ri8u&'l or 8o)y #u7" 'c" o& i"7 ow& i&)epe&)e&"

co&7i)er'"io& o( "$e l'w or ('c"7+%. "$e 8o'r) or 8o)y 7$'ll i& 'll co&"ro*er7i'l Bue7"io&7, re&)er i"7

)eci7io& i& 7uc$ ' #'&&er "$'" "$e p'r"ie7 "o "$e procee)i&%7 c'&&ow "$e *'riou7 i77ue7 i&*ol*e).

b( A4ERICAN TOBACCO VS( DIRECTOR, >5 SCRA 7 50( 4ANILA ELECTRIC CO4PANY VS( NLRC, 7>9 SCRA 9'd( DELGADO VS( CA, N" e ber '@, '6 >

I( '& 'ccu7e) w'7 repre7e&"e) 8y ' &o& l'wyer )uri&% "$e"ri'l "$ou%$ $e "$ou%$" "$'" $e w'7 ' l'wyer!, $i7 ri%$" "o )ueproce77 w'7 *iol'"e) '&) "$ere(ore e&"i"le) "o ' &ew "ri'l.

9( Pr"0ed ra& d e pr"0e%% !$ d!%0!p&!$ary a0#!"$% aga!$%# %# de$#%

A0ade !0 )reed" 1 d e pr"0e%% !$ d!%0!p&!$ary a0#!"$% !$ "& !$g%# de$#%

/E LA SALLE -IVERSITY VS. CO RT O A55EALS,HO-.0IL RE/O /. REYES, i& $i7 c'p'ci"y '7 5re7i)i&%Ju)%e o( 4r'&c$ 36, Re%io&'l Tri'l Cour" o( M'&il', THE

COMMISSIO- O- HI:HER E/ CATIO-, THE/E5ARTME-T O E/ CATIO- C LT RE A-/ S5ORTS,

97


33/373

ALVI- A: ILAR, JAMES 5A L 4 -: 4 -:, RICHAR/REVERE-TE '&) RO4ERTO VAL/ES, JR., :.R. -o. 1 9 ;,/ece#8er 19, ;;

REYES, R.T., .G

THE ACTSG

PRIVATE re%p"$de$#% A& !$ Ag !&ar, ?a e% Pa & B $g b $g,R!0*ard Re ere$#e a$d R"ber#" Va&de%, ?r( are e ber% ") TaGa a P*! Fra#er$!#y +*" +ere e3pe&&ed by #*e De La Sa&&eU$! er%!#y /DLSU2 a$d C"&&ege ") Sa!$# Be$!&de /CSB2 ?"!$#D!%0!p&!$e B"ard be0a %e ") #*e!r !$ "& e e$# !$ a$ "))e$%! e a0#!"$0a %!$g !$8 r!e% #" pe#!#!"$er ?a e% Yap a$d #*ree "#*er %# de$#e ber% ") D" !$" L 3 Fra#er$!#y(

T*e a &!$g !$0!de$#% +ere a re% ") a )ra#er$!#y +ar( T*e!0#! %, $a e&y: pe#!#!"$er ?a e% Yap a$d De$$!% Pa%0 a&, Er!0%"$Ca$", a$d 4!0*ae& Pere , are e ber% ") #*e D" !$" L 3Fra#er$!#y, +*!&e #*e a&&eged a%%a!&a$#%, pr! a#e re%p"$de$#% A&

Ag !&ar, ?a e% Pa & B $g b $g, R!0*ard Re ere$#e a$d R"ber#"Va&de%, ?r( are e ber% ") Ta Ga a P*! Fra#er$!#y, a r! a&)ra#er$!#y(

T*e $e3# day, 4ar0* 9@, '66 , pe#!#!"$er Yap &"dged a0" p&a!$# +!#* #*e D!%0!p&!$e B"ard ") DLSU 0*arg!$g pr! a#ere%p"$de$#% +!#* d!re0# a%%a ( S! !&ar 0" p&a!$#% +ere a&%")!&ed by De$$!% Pa%0 a& a$d Er!0%"$ Ca$" aga!$%# A& !$ Lee a$d

pr! a#e re%p"$de$#% Va&de% a$d Re ere$#e( T* %, 0a%e% e$#!#&ed *e La Salle $niversit- an5 Colle+e of St4 enil5e v4 Alvin A+uilar (A SM;=), 3a0es Paul un+u un+ (A PSM;?), Ro ert R4 "al5es, 3r4 ( S S APM; B), Alvin Lee (!**;


34/373

a+ainst -ou for violation of C !* Or5er No4 @ arisin+ fro0 t6ewritten #o0 laints of 3a0es %a , *ennis C4 Pas#ual, an5 !ri#son %4Cano4

%ou are 5ire#te5 to a ear at t6e 6earin+ of t6e oar5

s#6e5ule5 on A ril 1


35/373

aga!$%# #*e a$d +!#* #*e a%%!%#a$0e !) 0" $%e&, !) de%!red1 /9#*ey %*a&& be !$)"r ed ") #*e e !de$0e aga!$%# #*e 1 /=2 #*ey %*a&&*a e #*e r!g*# #" add 0e e !de$0e !$ #*e!r "+$ be*a&)1 a$d / 2 #*ee !de$0e %# be d &y 0"$%!dered by #*e !$ e%#!ga#!$g 0" !##ee "r "))!0!a& de%!g$a#ed by #*e %0*""& a #*"r!#!e% #" *ear a$d de0!de #*e

0a%e(

*ere a par#y +a% a))"rded a$ "pp"r# $!#y #" par#!0!pa#e !$ #*e pr"0eed!$g% b # )a!&ed #" d" %", *e 0a$$"# 0" p&a!$ ") depr! a#!"$") d e pr"0e%%( N"#!0e a$d *ear!$g !% #*e b &+ar. ") ad !$!%#ra#! ed e pr"0e%%, #*e r!g*# #" +*!0* !% a "$g #*e pr! ary r!g*#% #*a# %#

be re%pe0#ed e e$ !$ ad !$!%#ra#! e pr"0eed!$g%( T*e e%%e$0e ") d e pr"0e%% !% %! p&y a$ "pp"r# $!#y #" be *eard, "r a% app&!ed #"

ad !$!%#ra#! e pr"0eed!$g%, a$ "pp"r# $!#y #" e3p&a!$ "$e


36/373

T*e pr"0eed!$g% !$ %# de$# d!%0!p&!$e 0a%e% ay be % ary1 a$d0r"%% e3a !$a#!"$ !% $"#, 3 3 3 a$ e%%e$#!a& par# #*ere")(

: >MA- VS. -ATIO-AL -IVERSITY

G(R( N"( L-> 7 , ? &y '', '6 >

ACTSG

Pe#!#!"$er% +*" are %# de$#% ") #*e Na#!"$a& U$! er%!#y +ere barred )r" e$r"& e$#( T*e %0*""& 0&a! % #*a# #*e!r %0*"&a%#!0%#a$d!$g !% p""r a$d #*a# #*ey *a e bee$ !$ "& ed !$ a0#! !#!e% #*a#*a e d!%r p#ed 0&a%%e% a$d *ad 0"$d 0#ed a%% a0#!"$% +!#*" # #*e

re; !red per !#%(

HEL/G

a( I# !% appare$# #*a# de%p!#e #*e a00 %a#!"$% ") a&&eged !"&a#!"* r&ed by #*e %0*""& aga!$%# #*e pe#!#!"$er%, #*e )a0# !% #*a# !# *$e er 0"$d 0#ed pr"0eed!$g% ") a$y %"r# #" de#er !$e +*e#*er "r $"#

pe#!#!"$er%-%# de$#% *ad !$deed &ed "r par#!0!pa#ed !$ a0#! !#!e%

+!#*!$ #*e $! er%!#y pre !%e%, 0"$d 0#ed +!#*" # pr!"r per !# )r"%0*""& a #*"r!#!e%, #*a# d!%# rbed "r d!%r p#ed 0&a%%e% #*ere!$ (

A&%" appare$# !% #*e " !%%!"$ ") re%p"$de$#% #" 0!#e a$y d &y p b&!%*ed r &e ") #*e!r% by +*!0* %# de$#% ay be e3pe&&ed "r re) %ed re-e$r"&& e$# )"r p""r %0*"&a%#!0 %#a$d!$g(

b( U$der #*e Ed 0a#!"$ A0# ") '6 7, %# de$#% *a e #*e r!g*# #")ree&y 0*""%e #*e!r )!e&d ") %# dy % b8e0# #" e3!%#!$g 0 rr!0 &a a$d #"0"$#!$ e #*e!r 0" r%e #*ere!$ p #" grad a#!"$, E CEPT !$ 0a%e ") a0ade !0 de)!0!e$0y, "r !"&a#!"$ ") d!%0!p&!$ary reg &a#!"$%(

T*e pe#!#!"$er +ere de$!ed ") #*!% r!g*#, a$d +ere be!$gd!%0!p&!$ed +!#*" # d e pr"0e%%, !$ !"&a#!"$ ") #*e ad "$!#!"$ !$ #*e4a$ a& ") Reg &a#!"$% )"r Pr! a#e S0*""&% #*a# $" pe$ay %*a&& be! p"%ed p"$ a$y %# de$# e30ep# )"r 0a %e a% de)!$ed !$ /#*e24a$ e& a$d "r !$ #*e %0*""& r &e% a$d reg &a#!"$% a% d &y

pr" &ga#ed a$d "$&y a)#er )ue i&*e7"i%'"io& 7$'ll $'*e 8ee&co&)uc"e). I" $'7 'lre')y 8ee& $el) i& Ber!$a %( P*!&!pp!$e4ar!#! e I$%#!# #e, ''5 SCRA ', #*a# !# !% !&&ega& ") a %0*""& #"! p"%e %a$0#!"$% "$ %# de$#% +!#*" # 0"$d 0#!$g d e !$ e%#!ga#!"$(

0( O) 0" r%e, a&& %0*""&% *a e #*e p"+er #" ad"p# a$d e$)"r0e !#%r &e%( I$ )a0# #*e a!$#e$a$0e ") g""d %0*""& d!%0!p&!$e !% a d #y%pe0!)!0a&&y e$8"!$ed "$ e ery pr! a#e %0*""&( T*e 4a$ a& ")

Reg &a#!"$% )"r Pr! a#e S0*""&% pr" !de% #*a#:

9>


37/373

T*e %0*""& r &e% g" er$!$g d!%0!p&!$e a$d #*e0"rre%p"$d!$g %a$0#!"$% #*ere)"r %# be 0&ear&y %pe0!)!ed a$dde)!$ed !$ +r!#!$g a$d ade .$"+$ #" #*e %# de$#% a$d "r #*e!r

pare$#% "r g ard!a$%( S0*""&% %*a&& *a e #*e a #*"r!#y a$d prer"ga#! e #" pr" &ga#e % 0* r &e% a$d reg &a#!"$% a% #*ey aydee $e0e%%ary )r" #! e #" #! e e))e0#! e a% ") #*e da#e ") #*e!r

pr" &ga#!"$ $&e%% "#*er+!%e %pe0!)!ed(

d( T*e ! p"%!#!"$ ") d!%0!p&!$ary %a$0#!"$% re; !re% "b%er a$0e ") pr"0ed ra& d e pr"0e%%( D e pr"0e%% !$ d!%0!p&!$ary 0a%e% !$ "& !$g

%# de$#% :

a( $eed $"# e$#a!& pr"0eed!$g% a$d *ear!$g %! !&ar #" #*"%e pre%0r!bed )"r a0#!"$% a$d pr"0eed!$g% !$ 0" r# ") 8 %#!0e1

b( #*e pr"0eed!$g% ay be % ary1

0( 0r"%%-e3a !$a#!"$ !% $"# a$ e%%e$#!a& par# #*ere")(

B # #*e S(C( %a!d #*a# #*e )"&&"+!$g !$! %#a$dard% %# be e##" %a#!%)y #*e de a$d% ") pr"0ed ra& d e pr"0e%%:

'( #*e %# de$#% %# be !$)"r ed !$ +r!#!$g ") #*e $a# re a$d0a %e ") a$y a00 %a#!"$ aga!$%# #*e 1

7( #*ey %*a&& *a e #*e r!g*# #" a$%+er #*e 0*arge% aga!$%# #*e ,+!#* #*e a%%!%#a$0e ") 0" $%e&1 9( #*ey %*a&& be !$)"r ed ") #*e e !de$0e aga!$%# #*e 1

=( #*ey %*a&& *a e #*e r!g*# #" add 0e e !de$0e !$ #*e!r "+$ be*a&)1 ( #*e e !de$0e %# be d &y 0"$%!dered by #*e !$ e%#!ga#!$g0" !##ee "r "))!0!a& de%!g$a#ed by #*e %0*""& a #*"r!#!e% #" *ear a$d de0!de #*e 0a%e(

a( BERINA VS( P4I, Sep#e ber 9@, '6 7

D e pr"0e%% !$ #*e d!% !%%a& ") e p&"yee%

Re; !%!#e% ") D e Pr"0e%% be)"re #*e NLRC

'( N"#!0e1 a$d

7( Hear!$g

95


38/373

a( 4GG 4ar!$e Ser !0e% %( NLRC, 7 6 SCRA >>= b( P*!&!pp!$e Sa !$g% Ba$. %( NLRC, 7>' SCRA =@60( RAYCOR AIR CONTROL VS( NLRC, 7>' SCRA 6d( ALLE4 4ARITI4E SERVICES VS( NLRC, 7>9 SCRA '5=e( SA4ILLANO VS( NLRC, 7> SCRA 5

)( STOLT-NIELSEN VS( NLRC, 7>= SCRA 9@5g( GARCIA VS( NLRC, 7>= SCRA 7>'

=( E))e0# ") a 4"#!"$ )"r Re0"$%!dera#!"$ #" !"&a#!"$ ") #*e r!g*# #"d e pr"0e%%

a( CASUELA VS( OFFICE OF THE O4BUDS4AN, 75> SCRA >9 b( CORDENILLO VS( E ECUTIVE SECRETARY, 75> SCRA > 7

( I$ ad !$!%#ra#! e pr"0eed!$g%, d"e% d e pr"0e%% re; !re #*a# ' a par#y be a%%!%#ed by 0" $%e& a$d 7 be ab&e #" 0r"%%-e3a !$e #*e+!#$e%%e%

L MI E/ VS. EDE-EA, SCRA 1

T*ere !% $" &a+, +*e#*er #*e C! !& Ser !0e A0# "r #*eAd !$!%#ra#! e C"de ") '6 5, +*!0* pr" !de% #*a# a re%p"$de$# !$a$ ad !$!%#ra#! e 0a%e %*" &d be a%%!%#ed by 0" $%e& !$ "rder #*a# #*

pr"0eed!$g% #*ere!$ !% 0"$%!dered a&!d( N"# "$&y, #*a#, pe#!#!"$er *ere!$ +a% g! e$ #*e "pp"r# $!#y %e era& #! e% #" e$gage #*e%er !0e% ") a &a+yer #" a%%!%# *! b # *e 0"$)!de$#&y !$)"r ed #*e!$ e%#!ga#"r% #*a# *e 0" &d pr"#e0# *! %e&)(

A)#i&i7"r'"i*e /ue 5roce77 8e(ore "$e Ci*il Ser*iceCo##i77io&

ATTY. ROMEO ERECE VS. LY- MACALI-:AY, ET AL.,:.R. -o. 166 ;9, April , ;;

THE ACTSG

Pe#!#!"$er !% #*e Reg!"$a& D!re0#"r ") #*e C" !%%!"$ "$H a$ R!g*#% /CHR2 Reg!"$ I, +*"%e "))!0e !% &"0a#ed !$ Sa$Fer$a$d" C!#y, La U$!"$( Re%p"$de$# e p&"yee% ") #*e CHR Reg!"$ I )!&ed a$ A))!da !#-C" p&a!$# da#ed O0#"ber 7, '66 aga!$%#

pe#!#!"$er a&&eg!$g #*a# *e de$!ed #*e #*e %e ") #*e "))!0e e*!0&ea%%!g$ed #" pe#!#!"$er, #*a# pe#!#!"$er %#!&& 0&a! ed #ra$%p"r#a#a&&"+a$0e e e$ !) *e +a% %!$g #*e %a!d e*!0&e, a$d #*a# *e 0er#!)!ed#*a# *e d!d $"# %e a$y g" er$ e$# e*!0&e, +*e$ !$ )a0# *e d!d, !$"rder #" 0"&&e0# #ra$%p"r#a#!"$ a&&"+a$0e(

Re%p"$de$# )!&ed *!% a$%+er de$y!$g #*e a&&ega#!"$% aga!$%# *! (

9


39/373

A)#er a )a0#-)!$d!$g !$ e%#!ga#!"$, #*e CSC Pr"per !$ CSCRe%"& #!"$ N"( 66-'9>@ da#ed ? &y ', '666 0*arged pe#!#!"$er +!#*D!%*"$e%#y a$d Gra e 4!%0"$d 0# )"r %!$g a g" er$ e$# e*!0&e !$%p!#e ") *!% re0e!p# ") #*e "$#*&y #ra$%p"r#a#!"$ a&&"+a$0e a$d )"r

0er#!)y!$g #*a# *e d!d $"# %e a$y g" er$ e$# e*!0&e, +*e$ !$ )a0#,*e d!d, !$ "rder #" re0e! e #*e #ra$%p"r#a#!"$ a&&"+a$0e(

Per#!$e$# p"r#!"$% ") #*e )"r a& 0*arge read:

'( T*a# de%p!#e #*e reg &ar re0e!p# ") Ere0e ") *!% "$#*&yRepre%e$#a#!"$ a$d Tra$%p"r#a#!"$ A&&"+a$0e /RATA2 !$ #*e a " $#") P=,@@@(@@, *e %#!&& pr!"r!#! e% *! %e&) !$ #*e %e ") #*e ")

e*!0&e /Ta ara+ F 2 !$ %p!#e ") #*e d!re0#! e )r" #*e Ce$#ra&O))!0e #*a# *e 0a$$"# %e #*e %er !0e e*!0&e )"r "))!0!a& p rp"%e%a$d a# #*e %a e #! e re0e! e *!% #ra$%p"r#a#!"$ a&&"+a$0e1

7( T*a# Ere0e d!d $"# 0" p&y +!#* #*e d!re0#! e ") #*eCe$#ra& O))!0e addre%%ed #" a&& Reg!"$a& H a$ R!g*#% D!re0#"r%, a%)"&&"+%: #" reg &ar! e y" r re0e!p# ") #*e #ra$%p"r#a#!"$ a&&"+a$0e0" p"$e$# ") #*e RATA #" +*!0* y" are e$#!#&ed "$#*&y, y" are*ereby d!re0#ed #" ! ed!a#e&y #ra$%)er #" a$y ") y" r %#a)),

pre)erab&y "$e ") y" r &a+yer%, #*e e "ra$d re0e!p# ") #*ee*!0&e/%2 $"+ %#!&& !$ y" r $a e1 Ta $ag / Po la#ion 2, L #aya$, S a$ J dara#,re; !r!$g pe#!#!"$er #" )!&e a$ A$%+er #" #*e pr"#e%# +!#*!$ #e$ /'@2day% )r" re0e!p# #*ere")(

O$ ? &y '', 7@@5, #*e HRET re0e! ed #*e Reg!%#ry Re# r$Re0e!p# Card,9> 5 %*"+!$g #*a# a 0er#a!$ A!&ee$ R( Ba&de$a%95

/Ba&de$a%2 re0e! ed #*e % "$% "$ ? $e 75, 7@@5(

O$ A g %# '>, 7@@5, #*e HRET !%% ed Re%"& #!"$ N"( @5-'56 9 6 +*!0* $"#ed #*e a)"re e$#!"$ed Reg!%#ry Re# r$ Re0e!p#Card a$d #*a# de%p!#e #*e )a0# #*a# =9 day% )r" ? $e 75, 7@@5 *ad

pa%%ed %!$0e Ba&de$a% re0e! ed #*e % "$%, pe#!#!"$er *ad $"#

)!&ed a$ a$%+er !$ a00"rda$0e +!#* R &e 7596 '@

") #*e 7@@= HRETR &e%( I$ #*e %a e Re%"& #!"$, #*e HRET 0"$%!dered pe#!#!"$er #"*a e e$#ered a ge$era& de$!a& ") #*e a&&ega#!"$% ") #*e pr"#e%#(

I$ a$ Order da#ed A g %# '5, 7@@5, #*e HRET %e# #*e pre&! !$ary 0"$)ere$0e "$ Sep#e ber 75, 7@@5 a# '':@@ a( (

4ea$+*!&e, pe#!#!"$er !$)"r a&&y &ear$ed ") re%p"$de$# T*e a%%a!&ed Re%"& #!"$% %#a#e L"r!a b # #*e S "$% a$d Reg!%#ry Re# r$ Re0e!p# Card 0"rre0#&y %#a#eL"%ar!a(

9> 5 Rollo , p( 5 (95 T*e a%%a!&ed Re%"& #!"$% %#a#e Ba&de$a 1 !# %*" &d be Ba&de$a% ba%ed "$ #*e Reg!%#ry Re# r$ Re0e!

Card(9 6 See N"#e 7(96 '@ RULE 75( ailure to AnswerF !ffe#t ( K I) $" a$%+er !% )!&ed #" #*e pr"#e%#, 0" $#er-pr"#e%#, "r #*e pe#!#!"$ )"r

Guo warranto +!#*!$ #*e per!"d )!3ed !$ #*e%e R &e%, a ge$era& de$!a& %*a&& be dee ed #" *a e bee$ e$#ered(=@ '' Rollo , pp( 7>-95(=' '7 I54, p( 9@(

=7


43/373

O$ Sep#e ber '6, 7@@5, #*e HRET !%% ed Re%"& #!"$ N"( @5-9@@=7 '9 de$y!$g )"r &a0. ") er!#(

He$0e, #*!% pe#!#!"$(

Pe#!#!"$er )!&ed #*e !$%#a$# pe#!#!"$ ! p #!$g gra e ab %e ") d!%0re#!"$ a " $#!$g #" &a0. ") 8 r!%d!0#!"$ "$ #*e par# ") #*e HRET)"r !%% !$g Re%"& #!"$ N"%( @5-'56 a$d @5-9@@( He a&%" prayed )"a #e p"rary re%#ra!$!$g "rder a$d "r a +r!# ") pre&! !$ary !$8 $0#!"$)"r #*!% C" r# #" e$8"!$ #*e HRET )r" ) r#*er pr"0eed!$g +!#*HRET Ca%e N"(@5-@7'( Pe#!#!"$er 0"$#e$ded #*a# #*e HRET $e er a0; !red 8 r!%d!0#!"$ " er *!% per%"$ be0a %e ") #*e ab%e$0e ") a

a&!d %er !0e ") % "$%( He arg ed #*a# a % b%#!# #e %er !0e ") % "$% !% ade "$&y +*e$ #*e de)e$da$# 0a$$"# be %er ed

per%"$a&&y a# a rea%"$ab&e #! e a)#er e))"r#% #" &"0a#e *! *a e)a!&ed(=9 '= I$ *!% 0a%e, %!$0e #*e pr"0e%% %er er, 7@@5 a$d @5-9@@ da#ed Sep#e ber '6, 7@@5( Hearg ed #*a# R &e 77 ") #*e 7@@= HRET R &e% ere&y %#a#e% #*a# #*eSe0re#ary ") #*e Tr!b $a& %*a&& !%% e #*e 0"rre%p"$d!$g % "$% #"#*e pr"#e%#ee "r re%p"$de$#, a% #*e 0a%e ay be( He p"%!#ed #*e$#*a# #*e !$#e$# ") #*e HRET !$ $"# e3pre%%&y %pe0!)y!$g per%"$a&%er !0e ") % "$% "$ #*e pr"#e%#ee "r re%p"$de$# +a% #" g! e !# area%"$ab&e d!%0re#!"$ "r &ee+ay !$ %er !$g #*e % "$% by "#*er

ea$% % 0* a% reg!%#ered a!&( T* %, %er !0e ") % "$% "$ pe#!#!"$er #*r" g* reg!%#ered a!& d!d $"# !"&a#e R &e 77 ") #*e7@@= HRET R &e%( F r#*er, re%p"$de$# 0&a! ed #*a# R &e '=,Se0#!"$% > a$d 5 ") #*e R &e% ") C" r# +ere !$0"$%!%#e$# +!#* R &e77 ") #*e 7@@= HRET R &e% a$d #*ere)"re %*" &d $"# be g! e$% pp&e#"ry app&!0a#!"$ #" HRET pr"0eed!$g%(

HELD:

R &e 77 ") #*e 7@@= HRET R &e% pr" !de%:

RULE 77( Su00ons ( K I) #*e pe#!#!"$ !% $"# % ar!&y d!% !%%ed !$a00"rda$0e +!#* R &e 7' ") #*e%e R &e%, #*e Se0re#ary ") #*eTr!b $a& %*a&& !%% e #*e 0"rre%p"$d!$g % "$% #" #*e pr"#e%#ee "r

=7 '9 See N"#e 9(=9 '= Rollo , p('7(

=9


44/373

re%p"$de$#, a% #*e 0a%e ay be, #"ge#*er +!#* a 0"py ") #*e pe#!#!"$,re; !r!$g *! +!#*!$ #e$ /'@2 day% )r" re0e!p# #*ere") #" )!&e *!%a$%+er(

T*e 7@@= HRET R &e% "$ % "$% !% %!&e$# "$ *"+ #*e% "$% %*" &d be %er ed "$ #*e pr"#e%#ee( S!g$!)!0a$#&y, R &e@== ' ") #*e 7@@= HRET R &e% pr" !de% #*a# #*e '665 R &e% ") C! !& Pr"0ed re app&!e% by a$a&"gy "r % pp&e#"r!&y !$ %" )ar a% #*e&a##er ay be app&!0ab&e a$d $"# !$0"$%!%#e$# #*ere+!#* a% +e&& +!#* #*e "rder%, re%"& #!"$% a$d de0!%!"$% ") #*e HRET( I$ !e+ ") #*e )a!& re ") #*e HRET R &e% #" %pe0!)y #*e a #*"r! ed "de% ") %er !0e ") % "$%, re%"r# #*e$ !% $e0e%%ary #" Se0#!"$% > a$d 5,

R &e '=, '665 R &e% ") C! !& Pr"0ed re, +*!0* %#a#e:

SEC( >( Servi#e in erson on 5efen5ant ( K *e$e er pra0#!0ab&e, #*e% "$% %*a&& be %er ed *a$d&!$g a 0"py #*ere")"o "$e )e(e&)'&"i& per7o& , "r, !) *e re) %e% #" re0e! e a$d %!g$ )"r !#, 8y "e&)eri&% i""o $i# (

SEC( 5( Su stitute5 servi#e ( K I), )"r 8 %#!)!ab&e 0a %e%, #*e de)e$da$#0a$$"# be %er ed +!#*!$ a rea%"$ab&e #! e a% pr" !ded !$ #*e

pre0ed!$g %e0#!"$, %er !0e ay be e))e0#ed / ' 2 8y le'*i&% copie7 o( "$e 7u##o&7 '" "$e )e(e&)'&"P7 re7i)e&ce wi"$ 7o#e per7o& o( 7ui"'8le '%e '&) )i7cre"io& "$e& re7i)i&% "$erei& , " r / 82 8yle'*i&% copie7 '" )e(e&)'&"P7 o((ice or re%ul'r pl'ce o( 8u7i&e77wi"$ 7o#e co#pe"e&" per7o& i& c$'r%e "$ereo( (

I$ #*e 0a%e a# bar, #*e %er !0e ") #*e % "$% +a% ade#*r" g* reg!%#ered a!&, +*!0* !% &o" a "$g #*e a&&"+ed "de% ") %er !0e $der R &e '= ") #*e R &e% ") C" r#(

I$deed, !) !$ "rd!$ary 0! !& 0a%e% /+*!0* !$ "& e "$&y pr! a#ea$d pr"pr!e#ary !$#ere%#%2 per%"$a& %er !0e ") % "$% !% pre)erreda$d %er !0e by reg!%#ered a!& !% $"# a&&"+ed "$ 8 r!%d!0#!"$a& a$dd e pr"0e%% gr" $d%, +!#* "re rea%"$ %*" &d e&e0#!"$ 0a%e% /+*!0*!$ "& e p b&!0 !$#ere%# a$d #*e +!&& ") #*e e&e0#"ra#e2 %#r!0#&y )"*e *!erar0*y ") "de% ") %er !0e ") % "$% $der #*e R &e% ") C" r#(

== ' RULE @( A li#a ilit- ( K T*e )"&&"+!$g %*a&& be app&!0ab&e by a$a&"gy "r !$ % pp&e#"ry 0*ara0#er a$de))e0# !$ %" )ar a% #*ey ay be app&!0ab&e a$d are $"# !$0"$%!%#e$# +!#* #*e%e R &e% a$d +!#* #*e "rder%,re%"& #!"$% a$d de0!%!"$% ") #*e Tr!b $a&, $a e&y:

/'2 T*e R &e% ") C" r#1/72 De0!%!"$% ") #*e S pre e C" r#1/92 De0!%!"$% ") #*e E&e0#"ra& Tr!b $a&%(

==


45/373

T*e C" r# %ee% $" rea%"$ +*y #*e HRET 0a$$"# a.e %e ") !#% "+$ pr"0e%% %er er% #" per%"$a&&y %er e #*e % "$%, "r aer$a#! e&y, de&ega#e #*e a##er #" #*e pr"0e%% %er er ") a 0" r# +!#*#err!#"r!a& 8 r!%d!0#!"$ " er #*e p&a0e ") re%!de$0e ") #*ere%p"$de$# pr"#e%#ee !$ #*e e&e0#!"$ 0a%e, a# #*e e3pe$%e ") #*e

pe#!#!"$er pr"#e%#a$#( Co&7i)eri&% "$'" "$e proper 7er*ice o( 7u##o&7 o& "$e re7po&)e&"Kpro"e7"ee i7 ' uri7)ic"io&'lreBuire#e&" '&) %oe7 "o $e'r" o( )ue proce77 , +e 0a$$"# a&&"+%er !0e ") % "$% by a e#*"d $"# %a$0#!"$ed by #*e HRET R &e%!$ re&a#!"$ #" #*e R &e% ") C" r#(

I$ !e+ ") #*e )"reg"!$g, +e )!$d #*a# #*e HRET 0" !##edgra e ab %e ") d!%0re#!"$ !$ 0"$%!der!$g pe#!#!"$er #" *a e e$#ered a

ge$era& de$!a& ") #*e a&&ega#!"$% !$ re%p"$de$#


46/373

I$ e%#!ga#!$g C" !##ee a$d e#ed " # #*e pe$ay ") )"r0ed re%!g$a#!"$#" C a$a$ +!#*" # pre8 d!0e #" be$e)!#%(

I$ a$ Order = > da#ed Apr!& '9, 7@@@, #*e$ DepEd Se0re#ary A$dre+G"$ a&e% a))!r ed #*e De0!%!"$ ") Reg!"$a& D!re0#"r Labrad"r( O$ 4ay

9@, 7@@@, C a$a$ )!&ed a Pe#!#!"$ )"r Re0"$%!dera#!"$=6 5

#*ere"), b # #*e%a e +a% de$!ed )"r &a0. ") er!# by Se0re#ary G"$ a&e% !$ aRe%"& #!"$@ da#ed ? $e '6, 7@@@(

C a$a$ e&ea#ed *!% 0a%e #" #*e CSC( O$ ?a$ ary 7@, 7@@9, #*eCSC !%% ed Re%"& #!"$ N"( @9@@>6,' 6 +*!0* %e# a%!de #*e ? $e '6, 7@@@Re%"& #!"$ ") Se0re#ary G"$ a&e% a$d e3"$era#ed C a$a$ )r" #*e 0*arge") %e3 a& *ara%%e$#( O$ ?a$ ary 79, 7@@9, 0"p!e% ") #*e re%"& #!"$ +ered &y %e$# #" #*e par#!e%, !$0& d!$g #*e DepEd(7 '@ C a$a$ re0e! ed a 0"py

") Re%"& #!"$ N"( @9@@>6 "$ ?a$ ary 9', 7@@9(9 ''

I$ a Le##er da#ed Febr ary 9, 7@@9, C a$a$ re; e%#ed *!%re!$%#a#e e$# a% E&ee$#ary S0*""& Pr!$0!pa& I(= '7 I$ a ' %# I$d"r%e e$#,#*e D!%#r!0# S per !%"r re0" e$ded appr"pr!a#e a0#!"$( '9 I$ a 7 $d

I$d"r%e e$# da#ed Febr ary =, 7@@9, S0*""&% D! !%!"$ S per!$#e$de$#D!"%0"r!de% D( L % $g /S per!$#e$de$#2 re0" e$ded #*a# C a$a$ bere!$%#a#ed #" d #y a% S0*""& Pr!$0!pa& ") Sa$ A$#"$!" D!%#r!0# p"$ )!$a&!#y") #*e de0!%!"$ ") #*e CSC(> '= I$ a Le##er 5 ' da#ed Febr ary '@, 7@@9,Reg!"$a& D!re0#"r R!0ard" T( S!b g !$)"r ed #*e S per!$#e$de$# #*a#C a$a$ 0" &d $"# be ! ed!a#e&y re!$%#a#ed #" #*e %er !0e $#!& a$ "rder ") ! p&e e$#a#!"$ +a% re0e! ed )r" #*e Depar# e$# Se0re#ary(

S" e#! e !$ 4ar0* 7@@9, DepEd U$der%e0re#ary ?"%e L !% 4ar#!$C( Ga%0"$ %e$# a &e##er #" #*e CSC re; e%#!$g a 0"py ") CSC Re%"& #!"$

N"( @9@@>6 da#ed ?a$ ary 7@, 7@@9( I$ a Le##er '> da#ed 4ar0* 7 ,7@@9, #*e CSC !$)"r ed #*e DepEd #*a# a 0"py ") #*e re; e%#ed re%"& #!"$+a% d &y %e$# #" !# "$ ?a$ ary 79, 7@@9( N"$e#*e&e%%, #*e CSC %ea$"#*er 0"py ") #*e re%"& #!"$ #" #*e DepEd )"r !#% re)ere$0e( T*e DepEdre0e! ed %a!d re)ere$0e 0"py "$ 4ar0* 7 , 7@@9( 6 '5

O$ Apr!& '', 7@@9, #*e$ DepEd Se0re#ary Ed!&ber#" C( de?e% % )!&ed a

=

=6

@

'

7

9

=

>

5

6

=>


47/373

Pe#!#!"$ )"r Re !e+ Re0"$%!dera#!"$ >@' +!#* #*e CSC( N" 0"py ") #*e p&ead!$g +a% %er ed p"$ C a$a$(

O$ ? &y 76, 7@@9, Se0re#ary De ?e% % )!&ed a S pp&e e$#a& Pe#!#!"$)"r Re !e+ Re0"$%!dera#!"$ >' '6 re!#era#!$g #*e prayer )"r re er%a& ") #*e

re%"& #!"$( Aga!$, $" 0"py ") #*e p&ead!$g +a% %er ed p"$ C a$a$(

S b%e; e$#&y, p r% a$# #" D! !%!"$ Spe0!a& Order N"( @@' %er!e% ") 7@@9 da#ed ? $e ' , 7@@9, C a$a$ +a% re!$%#a#ed #" *!% )"r er p"%!#!"$ a%%0*""& pr!$0!pa& e))e0#! e Apr!& 9@, 7@@9(>77@ I$ D! !%!"$ Spe0!a& Order

N"( 7 , %er!e% ") 7@@9 da#ed ? &y , 7@@9, C a$a$ +a% d!re0#ed #" re# r$#" d #y(>97' Ba%ed #*ere"$, C a$a$ re; e%#ed pay e$# ") %a&ar!e% a$d *!%!$0& %!"$ !$ #*e payr"&&, +*!0* #*e D! !%!"$ S0*""& S per!$#e$de$# ")

N e a E0!8a d &y e$d"r%ed "$ N" e ber 5, 7@@9(>=77

H"+e er, "$ O0#"ber 77, 7@@=, #*e CSC !%% ed Re%"& #!"$ N"(@=''=5 > 79 %e##!$g a%!de CSC Re%"& #!"$ N"( @9@@>6 da#ed ?a$ ary 7@7@@9( I# )" $d C a$a$ g !y ") Se3 a& Hara%% e$#, Gra e 4!%0"$d 0#a$d C"$d 0# Gr"%%&y Pre8 d!0!a& #" #*e Be%# I$#ere%# ") #*e Ser !0e a$de#ed " # #*e pe$ay ") d!% !%%a& )r" #*e %er !0e +!#* )"r)e!# re ") re#!re e$# be$e)!#%, 0a$0e&&a#!"$ ") *!% %er !0e e&!g!b!&!#y, a$d perpe# a&d!%; a&!)!0a#!"$ )r" *"&d!$g p b&!0 "))!0e( C a$a$ re0e! ed a 0"py ") #*e Re%"& #!"$ "$ N" e ber 6, 7@@=(>>7=

T*!r#ee$ day% &a#er, "r "$ N" e ber 77, 7@@=, C a$a$ )!&ed a pe#!#!"$ )"r #ertiorari >57 +!#* #*e CA %ee.!$g #" a$$ & Re%"& #!"$ N"(@=''=5, a&&eg!$g #*a# #*e CSC %*" &d $"# *a e e$#er#a!$ed #*e pe#!#!"$ )"r re !e+ re0"$%!dera#!"$ %!$0e #*e DepEd +a% $"# #*e 0" p&a!$a$# "r #*e

par#y ad er%e&y a))e0#ed by #*e re%"& #!"$1 #*a# #*e pe#!#!"$ )"r re !e+ re0"$%!dera#!"$ +a% )!&ed " # ") #! e1 a$d #*a# C a$a$ +a% $"#) r$!%*ed 0"p!e% ") #*e p&ead!$g% )!&ed by #*e DepEd !$ !"&a#!"$ ")

pr"0ed ra& d e pr"0e%%(

T*e DepEd %" g*# #*e d!% !%%a& ") #*e pe#!#!"$ "$ #*e gr" $d ") ! pr"per re edy, #*e "de ") re !e+ )r" a de0!%!"$ ") #*e CSC be!$g a

pe#!#!"$ )"r re !e+ $der R &e =9 ") #*e R &e% ") C" r#(

O$ 4ay '>, 7@@ , #*e CA re$dered a De0!%!"$ > 7> gra$#!$g #*e

pe#!#!"$ )"r #ertiorari a$d %e##!$g a%!de CSC Re%"!"$ N"( @=''=5da#ed O0#"ber '7, 7@@=( T*e CA *e&d #*a# +*!&e a "#!"$ )"r

>@

>'

>7

>9

>=

>

>>

>5

>

=5


48/373

re0"$%!dera#!"$ a$d a pe#!#!"$ )"r re !e+ $der R &e =9 +ere a a!&ab&ereed!e%, C a$a$M% re0" r%e #" a pe#!#!"$ )"r #ertiorari +a% +arra$#ed,%!$0e #*e a0# 0" p&a!$ed ") +a% pa#e$#&y !&&ega&1 #*a# #*e CSC gra e&ab %ed !#% d!%0re#!"$ !$ gra$#!$g #*e pe#!#!"$ )"r re !e+ re0"$%!dera#!"$)!&ed by #*e DepEd +!#*" # regard )"r C a$a$M% ) $da e$#a& r!g*# #" d e

pr"0e%%, %!$0e *e +a% $"# d &y $"#!)!ed ") #*e pe#!#!"$ )"r re !e+ re0"$%!dera#!"$, $"r +a% *e re; !red by #*e CSC #" )!&e a 0" e$##*ere"$, 0* &e%%, g! e$ a 0"py ") #*e %a!d pe#!#!"$1 #*a# #*e DepEd )a!&ed#" e%#ab&!%* #*a# #*e re%"& #!"$ +a% $"# ye# )!$a& a$d e3e0 #"ry +*e$ !)!&ed !#% pe#!#!"$ )"r re !e+ re0"$%!dera#!"$(

DepEd )!&ed a 4"#!"$ )"r Re0"$%!dera#!"$, >675 b # #*e CA de$!ed#*e %a e !$ !#% Re%"& #!"$5@7 da#ed ? &y ' , 7@@ (

He$0e, #*e pre%e$# pe#!#!"$ "$ #*e )"&&"+!$g gr" $d%:

IITH DUE RESPECT, THE COURT OF APPEALS GRAVELYERRED ON A UESTION OF LA IN TAJING COGNI ANCE OFTHE PETITION IN CA-G(R( SP NO( 5=66, THE SA4E NOT BEINGTHE PROPER RE4EDY IN ASSAILING CSC RESOLUTION NO(@=''=5 DATED OCTOBER 77, 7@@=(

IIITH DUE RESPECT, THE COURT OF APPEALS GRAVELYERRED ON A UESTION OF LA IN AD?UDGING CSC ASHAVING CO44ITTED GRAVE ABUSE OF DISCRETION INISSUING RESOLUTION NO( @=''=5 DATED OCTOBER 77, 7@@=( 5'76

DepEd 0"$#e$d% #*a# #*e CA %*" &d *a e d!% !%%ed " #r!g*# #*e pe#!#!"$ )"r #ertiorari be0a %e CSC de0!%!"$% are appea&ab&e #" #*e CA by pe#!#!"$ )"r re !e+ $der R &e =91 #*a# #*e )!&!$g ") a "#!"$ )"r re0"$%!dera#!"$ +a% a pre0"$d!#!"$ #" #*e )!&!$g ") a pe#!#!"$ )"r#ertiorari$der R &e > 1 #*a# #*e DepEd, e e$ !) $"# #*e 0" p&a!$a$#, ay ; e%#!"$#*e re%"& #!"$ ") #*e CSC1 #*a# C a$a$ )a!&ed #" pr" e #*a# #*e CSCM%

pe#!#!"$ )"r re !e+ re0"$%!dera#!"$ +a% $"# %ea%"$ab&y )!&ed1 #*a# e e$ !) C a$a$ +a% $"# %er ed a 0"py ") #*e p&ead!$g% )!&ed by #*e DepEd, #*e

CSC +a% $"# b" $d by pr"0ed ra& r &e%(

C a$a$, "$ #*e "#*er *a$d, 0"$#e$d% #*a# #*e DepEd 0a$$"# )!&e a"#!"$ )"r re0"$%!dera#!"$ )r" #*e CSC Re%"& #!"$ e3"$era#!$g *! ,%!$0e !# !% $"# #*e 0" p&a!$a$# !$ #*e ad !$!%#ra#! e 0a%e a$d #*ere)"re $"#a par#y ad er%e&y a))e0#ed by #*e de0!%!"$ #*ere!$1 #*a# e e$ !) DepEd ay%ee. re0"$%!dera#!"$ ") #*e CSC Re%"!"$, #*e pe#!#!"$ )"r

>6

5@

5'

=


49/373

re !e+ re0"$%!dera#!"$ +a% )!&ed " # ") #! e1 a$d #*a# C a$a$ re$der% #*e pe#!#!"$ d!% !%%!b&e )"r be!$g #*e +r"$g reedy( N"$e#*e&e%%, #*ere are e30ep#!"$% #" #*!% r &e, #"+!#: /a2 +*e$ p b&!0 +e&)are a$d #*e ad a$0e e$# ") p b&!0 p"&!0yd!0#a#e%1 /b2 +*e$ #*e br"ader !$#ere%# ") 8 %#!0e %" re; !re%1c! w$e& "$ewri"7 i77ue) 're &ull '&) *oi) 1 "r /d2 +*e$ #*e ; e%#!"$ed "rder a " $#%#" a$ "ppre%%! e e3er0!%e ") 8 d!0!a& a #*"r!#y(5>9= A% +!&& be %*"+$

)"r#*+!#*, e30ep#!"$ /02 app&!e% #" #*e pre%e$# 0a%e(

F r#*er "re, +*!&e a "#!"$ )"r re0"$%!dera#!"$ !% a 0"$d!#!"$ pre0ede$# #" #*e )!&!$g ") a pe#!#!"$ )"r#ertiorari , ! ed!a#e re0" r%e #"#*e e3#ra"rd!$ary re edy ") #ertiorari !% +arra$#ed +*ere #*e "rder !% a

57

59

5=

5

5>

=6


50/373

pa#e$# $ &&!#y, a% +*ere #*e 0" r#a Guo *a% $" 8 r!%d!0#!"$1 +*ere pe#!#!"$er +a% depr! ed ") d e pr"0e%% a$d #*ere !% e3#re e rge$0y )"r re&!e)1 +*ere #*e pr"0eed!$g% !$ #*e &"+er 0" r# are a $ &&!#y )"r &a0. ") d e pr"0e%%1 +*ere #*e pr"0eed!$g +a% eD arte "r "$e !$ +*!0* #*e

pe#!#!"$er *ad $" "pp"r# $!#y #" "b8e0#(55 9 T*e%e e30ep#!"$% )!$d

app&!0a#!"$ #" C a$a$M% pe#!#!"$ )"r#ertiorari !$ #*e CA(

A# a$y ra#e, C a$a$M% pe#!#!"$ )"r#ertiorari be)"re #*e CA 0" &d be#rea#ed a% a pe#!#!"$ )"r re !e+, #*e pe#!#!"$ *a !$g bee$ )!&ed "$

N" e ber 77, 7@@=, "r #*!r#ee$ /'92 day% )r" re0e!p# "$ N" e ber 6,7@@= ") CSC Re%"& #!"$ N"( @=''=5, 0&ear&y +!#*!$ #*e ' -dayreg&e e$#ary per!"d )"r #*e )!&!$g ") a pe#!#!"$ )"r re !e+( 5 9> S 0* " e+" &d be !$ a00"rda$0e +!#* #*e &!bera& %p!r!# per ad!$g #*e R &e% ")

C" r# a$d !$ #*e !$#ere%# ") % b%#a$#!a& 8 %#!0e(56 95

F r#*er "re, CSC Re%"& #!"$ N"( @9@@>6 *a% &"$g be0" e )!$a&a$d e3e0 #"ry( I# %# be $"#ed #*a# #*e re0"rd% %*"+ #*a# 0"p!e% ") CSCRe%"& #!"$ N"( @9@@>6 +ere d &y %e$# #" #*e par#!e%, !$0& d!$g DepEd, "$?a$ ary 79, 7@@9(@9 C a$a$ re0e! ed a 0"py #*ere") "$ ?a$ ary 9',7@@9,' 96 +*!&e #*e DepEd re; e%#ed a 0"py %" e#! e !$ 4ar0* 7@@9, "r ab" # #+" "$#*% &a#er( U$der #*e R &e% ") E !de$0e, !# !% pre% ed #*a#"))!0!a& d #y *a% bee$ reg &ar&y per)"r ed, $&e%% 0"$#rad!0#ed(7 =@ T*!%

pre% p#!"$ !$0& de% #*a# ") reg &ar!#y ") %er !0e ") 8 dge$#%, )!$a&"rder% "r re%"& #!"$%(

C"$%e; e$#&y, #*e b rde$ ") pr" !$g #*e !rreg &ar!#y !$ "))!0!a&0"$d 0# -- #*a# !%, $"$-re0e!p# ") #*e d &y %e$# 0"py ") CSC Re%"& #!"$

N"( @9@@>6 -- !% "$ #*e par# ") #*e DepEd, +*!0* !$ #*e pre%e$# 0a%e0&ear&y )a!&ed #" d!%0*arge #*e %a e(9 =' T* %, #*e pre%

lecture notes june 2009

Documents