lecture of judge antonio c lubao

8/12/2019 Lecture of Judge Antonio c Lubao

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LECTURE OF JUDGE ANTONIO C. LUBAOON WILLS AND SUCCESSION

Title IV. SUCCESSION

Chapter 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 77 . S!""e##i$% i# a &$'e $( a")!i#iti$% *+ ,irt!e $( -hi"h the pr$pert+ ri/ht# a%'$*li/ati$%# t$ the e0te%t $( the ,al!e $( the i%herita%"e $( a per#$% are tra%#&itte' thr$!/h hi#'eath t$ a%$ther $r $ther# either *+ hi# -ill $r *+ $perati$% $( la-. %2

N$ta Be%e3 I( e,er +$! are a#4e' t$ 'e(i%e #!""e##i$% i% the *ar e0a&i%ati$% it i# #a(e t$)!$te ,er*ati& the pr$,i#i$%# $( Arti"le 77 $( the Ci,il C$'e.

D$ %$t "$%(!#e i%herita%"e -ith #!""e##i$%. I%herita%"e i# the !%i,er#alit+ $r e%tiret+ $( thepr$pert+ ri/ht# a%' $*li/ati$%# $( a per#$% -h$ ha# 'ie'. It re(er# t$ the $*5e"ti,e ele&e%t $(#!""e##i$% t$ the &a## $r t$talit+ $( the patri&$%+ $( a 'e"ea#e' per#$%. S!""e##i$% $% the$ther ha%' re(er# t$ the le/al &$'e *+ -hi"h thi# i%herita%"e i# tra%#&itte' t$ the per#$%e%title' t$ it -h$ &a+ #!r,i,e the 'e"ea#e'.

Art. 776. I% thi# title 'e"e'e%t i# the /e%eral ter& applie' t$ the per#$% -h$#e pr$pert+ i#tra%#&itte' thr$!/h #!""e##i$% -hether $r %$t he le(t a -ill. I( he le(t a -ill he i# al#$ "alle' thete#tat$r. %2

Thi# arti"le i# #el( e0pla%at$r+

Art. 778. The i%herita%"e i%"l!'e# all the pr$pert+ ri/ht# a%' $*li/ati$%# $( a per#$% -hi"hare %$t e0ti%/!i#he' *+ hi# 'eath. 8692

What i# i%"l!'e' i% the i%herita%"e $( a 'e"ea#e' per#$%: It i# e,i'e%t (r$& thi# arti"le thatthe i%herita%"e '$e# %$t i%"l!'e e,er+thi%/ that *el$%/# t$ the 'e"ea#e' at the ti&e $( hi#'eath. ;i# i%herita%"e i# li&ite' t$ hi# pr$pert+ ri/ht# a%' $*li/ati$%# %$t e0ti%/!i#he' *+ hi#'eath. I% a''iti$% h$-e,er t$ the tra%#&i##i*le ri/ht# a%' $*li/ati$% e0i#ti%/ at the ti&e $( the'e"e'e%t# 'eath all pr$pertie# a""r!i%/ theret$ (r$& that ti&e -ill pertai% t$ the heir.

T$ 'eter&i%e -hat the i%herita%"e i%"l!'e# -e "a% *+ e0"l!#i$% e%!&erate the ri/ht# a%'$*li/ati$%# -hi"h are e0ti%/!i#he' *+ 'eath. Th!# th$#e %$t i%"l!'e' i% the e%!&erati$% -$!l'*e part $( the i%herita%"e. S$&e $( the#e are a# ($ll$-#3

Th$#e ari#i%/ (r$& &arria/e either -ith re#pe"t t$ the per#$% $r a# re/ar'# the pr$pert+ $( the#p$!#e#.


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The a"ti$% ($r le/al #eparati$% -hi"h *el$%/# $%l+ t$ the i%%$"e%t #p$!#e.The a"ti$% t$ a%%!l &arria/e.The $*li/ati$% t$ /i,e #!pp$rt e0"ept i% "a#e# e0pre##l+ pr$,i'e' *+ la-.The ri/ht t$ re"ei,e #!pp$rt.The ri/ht# $( patria p$te#ta#.

The ri/ht $( a /!ar'ia%.The ri/ht $( !#!(r!"t.The ri/ht $( a '$%$r t$ re,$4e the '$%ati$% *+ rea#$% $( i%/ratit!'e $( the '$%ee i( he '$e# %$tre,$4e the '$%ati$% e,e% i( he "a% '$ #$.The ri/ht ari#i%/ (r$& a/e%"+< *!t %$t the e((e"t# $( the a/e%"+ alrea'+ e0e"!te'.Cri&i%al re#p$%#i*ilit+.

It i# e,i'e%t that the a*$,e e%!&erati$% "a%%$t *e "$&plete a# t$ "$,er e,er+ "a#e. I% /e%eralh$-e,er ri/ht# ari#i%/ (r$& p!*li" la- #!"h a# #!((ra/e a%' p!*li" e&pl$+&e%t a%' pri,ateri/ht# ($!%'e' $% p!rel+ per#$%al relati$%# $r -h$#e '!rati$% i# li&ite' *+ la- t$ the li(eti&e $(the $-%er $r -hi"h re)!ire the i%ter,e%ti$% $( the $-%er ($r their e0er"i#e are i%tra%#&i##i*le.The ($ll$-i%/ /e%eral r!le "a% *e lai' '$-% i% 'eter&i%i%/ -hether $r %$t a ri/ht i#tra%#&i##i*le $r i%tra%#&i##i*le.

Fir#t3 That ri/ht# -hi"h are p!rel+ per#$%al %$t i% the a""!rate e)!i,ale%t $( the ter& i%"$%tra"t!al $*li/ati$% *!t i% it# pr$per #e%#e are *+ their %at!re a%' p!rp$#e i%tra%#&i##i*le($r the+ are e0ti%/!i#he' *+ 'eath. E0a&ple# th$#e relati%/ t$ "i,il per#$%alit+ t$ (a&il+ ri/ht#a%' t$ the 'i#"har/e $( p!*li" $((i"e.

Se"$%'3 That ri/ht# -hi"h are patri&$%ial $r relati%/ t$ pr$pert+ are a# a /e%eral r!le %$te0ti%/!i#he' *+ 'eath a%' pr$perl+ "$%#tit!te part $( the i%herita%"e e0"ept th$#e e0pre##l+

pr$,i'e' *+ la- $r *+ the -ill $( the te#tat$r #!"h a# !#!(r!"t a%' th$#e 4%$-% a# per#$%al#er,it!'e#.

Thir'3 That ri/ht# $r $*li/ati$%# are *+ %at!re tra%#&i##i*le a%' &a+ "$%#tit!te part $( thei%herita%"e *$th -ith re#pe"t t$ the ri/ht# $( the "re'it$r a%' a# re/ar'# the $*li/ati$% $( the'e*t$r. Thi# thir' r!le ha# three e0"epti$%# e#pe"iall+ -ith re#pe"t t$ $*li/ati$% $( the 'e*t$r.The+ are3 12 th$#e -hi"h are per#$%al i% the #e%#e that the per#$%al )!ali(i"ati$% a%'"ir"!ta%"e# $( the 'e*t$r ha,e *ee% ta4e% i%t$ a""$!%t i% the "reati$% $( the $*li/ati$% =2th$#e that are tra%#&i##i*le *+ e0pre## a/ree&e%t $r *+ -ill $( the te#tat$r a%' >2 th$#e thatare tra%#&i##i*le *+ e0pre## pr$,i#i$% $( la- #!"h a# li(e pe%#i$% /i,e% !%'er "$%tra"t.

CONDE VS. ABA?A 1> Phil. = @3 A(ter 'eath $( a% !%a"4%$-le'/e' %at!ral "hil' the &$ther $(#!"h pre#!&e' %at!ral "hil' a# heir t$ the latter *r$!/ht a% a"ti$% ($r a"4%$-le'/e&e%t $( her'e"ea#e' "hil' *+ hi# pre#!&e' %at!ral (ather. Will the a"ti$% pr$#per: A%#-er3 N$ the a"ti$%

-ill %$t pr$#per. The ri/ht $( a% ille/iti&ate "hil' t$ "lai& ($r re"$/%iti$% i# %$t tra%#&i##i*le. Theri/ht *ei%/ per#$%al t$ the ille/iti&ate "hil' &!#t *e e0er"i#e' *+ hi& '!ri%/ hi# li(eti&e.

LEDES A ,# "LAC;LIN 88 Phil. 6 73 L$re% $ !it$ e0e"!te' a pr$&i##$r+ %$te i% (a,$r $(


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the plai%ti((. Be($re he "$!l' pa+ the %$te i% (!ll he 'ie' -ith$!t a%+ i%herita%"e< he%"e %$pr$"ee'i%/ ($r the #ettle&e%t $( hi# e#tate -a# i%#tit!te'. Later hi# (ather E!#e*i$ !it"$ 'ie'lea,i%/ a# heir# hi# /ra%' "hil're% the "hil're% $( L$re% $. Plai%ti(( %$- #ee4# t$ "$lle"t thepr$&i##$r+ %$te i% the i%#tate pr$"ee'i%/ ($r the #ettle&e%t $( the e#tate $( E!#e*i$ !it"$.;ELD3 The pr$&i##$r+ %$te "a%%$t *e "$lle"te' (r$& the e#tate $( E!#e*i$ !it"$ *e"a!#e he

-a# %$t the $%e -h$ e0e"!te' it. L$re% $ 'ie' -ith$!t lea,i%/ a%+ pr$pert+. ;i# 'e*t# "a%%$t*e "har/e' a/ai%#t the pr$pertie# le(t *+ hi# (ather. It i# tr!e that the /ra%'"hil're% repre#e%ttheir (ather i% the pr$pertie# $( their /ra%'(ather *!t thi# ri/ht $( repre#e%tati$% '$e# %$t &a4e#!"h /ra%'"hil're% a%#-era*le ($r the $*li/ati$%# "$%tra"te' *+ their 'e"ea#e' (ather *e"a!#ethe heir# $%l+a%#-er -ith the pr$pertie# re"ei,e' (r$& their pre'e"e##$r. The /ra%'"hil're% are %$t *$!%' t$pa+ the 'e*t# $( the (ather (r$& -h$& the+ 'i' %$t re"ei,e a%+ i%herita%"e.

Plea#e %$te that #$&e $*li/ati$%# $( the 'e"e'e%t are al#$ part $( hi# i%herita%"e. ;$-e,er ($r#!"h $*li/ati$% t$ *e part $( the i%herita%"e $( a 'e"ea#e' per#$% the $*li/ati$% &!#t *etra%#&i##i*le a%' &!#t *e "har/ea*le t$ the e#tate $( the 'e"e'e%t. The#e are &$%etar+$*li/ati$%# -hi"h are "har/ea*le t$ the e#tate $( the 'e"ea#e'. Plea#e %$te al#$ that there are$*li/ati$%# -hi"h are %$t &$%etar+ 'e*t# $( the 'e"ea#e' *!t -hi"h %e,erthele## "$%#tit!te a#a "har/e a/ai%#t the here'itar+ pr$pert+. Th!# i( the 'e"e'e%t i# a le##ee ($r a 'e(i%ite peri$'pa+i%/ peri$'i"al re%tal the% hi# heir# -ill i%herit the $*li/ati$% t$ pa+ the re%tal# a# the+ (all'!e t$/ether -ith the ri/ht# ari#i%/ (r$& the lea#e "$%tra"t. ;eir# are al#$ $*li/e' t$ 'eli,er apar"el $( la%' #$l' *+ their pare%t# t$ the ,e%'ee there$(.

Art. 777. The ri/ht# t$ the #!""e##i$% are tra%#&itte' (r$& the &$&e%t $( 'eath $( the'e"e'e%t. 867a2

T;E PRECISE O ENT OF TRANS ISSION OF SUCCESSIONAL RIG;TS Whate,er"$&&e%tarie# +$! &a+ rea' al-a+# *ear i% &i%' that T;E O ENT OF DEAT; IS T;EDETER INING POINT W;EN T;E ;EIR AC UIRE A DEFINITE RIG;T TO T;EIN;ERITANCE W;ET;ER SUC; RIG;T BE PURE OR CONDITIONAL. The ri/ht $( the heir#t$ the pr$pert+ $( 'e"ea#e' i# ,e#te' !p$% the& at the &$&e%t $( 'eath $( the latter. Thi# i#tr!e e,e% i% the &ea% ti&e the+ are %$t +et 'e"lare' *+ a "$&pete%t "$!rt a# heir# $( the'e"e'e%t. It i# i&&aterial -hether a #h$rt $r a l$%/ peri$' $( ti&e elap#e# *et-ee% the 'eath $(the pre'e"e##$r a%' the e%tr+ i% the p$##e##i$% $( the pr$pertie# $( the i%herita%"e *e"a!#ethe ri/ht i# al-a+# 'ee&e' t$ retr$a"t t$ the &$&e%t $( 'eath.

UION ,#. CLARIDAD 7 Phil. 1@@. The appella%t# are "hil're% $( 'e"ea#e' *+ hi# (ir#t&arria/e. Up$% hi# 'eath the+ (ile' i%te#tate pr$"ee'i%/# ($r the #ettle&e%t a%' 'i#tri*!ti$% $(hi# e#tate. The+ "$%"eale' (r$& the "$!rt the (a"t that the 'e"ea#e' le(t a #e"$%' -i(e -ith

-h$& he ha' t-$ "hil're%. The pr$"ee'i%/# ter&i%ate' a%' all the pr$pert+ $( the 'e"ea#e' -a# a'5!'i"ate' t$ the appella%t#. $re tha% t-$ +ear# later the "hil're% $( the #e"$%'&arria/e lear%e' $( the (ra!'!le%t pr$#e"!ti$% $( the i%te#tate pr$"ee'i%/#. The+ i%#tit!te' thi#a"ti$% t$ *e 'e"lare' e%title' t$ $%e hal( $( the pr$pertie# $( their 'e"ea#e' (ather. Theappella%t# "$%te%' that #i%"e the i%te#tate pr$"ee'i%/# ha' *ee% (i%i#he' the 'i#tri*!ti$% "a%


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%$ l$%/er *e )!e#ti$%e' *+ a%+$%e. ;ELD3 The "hil're% $( the #e"$%' &arria/e &!#t *ere"$/%i e' a# "$ $-%er# $( the pr$pert+ le(t *+ the 'e"ea#e' a%' the+ are e%title' t$ thep$##e##i$% $( the p$rti$% "$rre#p$%'i%/ t$ the&.Their ri/ht $( $-%er#hip $,er their #hare i% the i%herita%"e -a# a!t$&ati"all+ a%' *+ $perati$%$( la- ,e#te' i% the& !p$% the 'eath $( the 'e"ea#e'. The+ &a+ there($re &ai%tai% the pre#e%t

a"ti$% t$ $*tai% relie( (r$& the (ra!'!le%t a"t# $( the appella%t#.

N$ta Be%e3 Si%"e the &$&e%t $( 'eath i# the ($"al p$i%t t$ 'eter&i%e the e0a"t &$&e%t $( thetra%#&i##i$% $( the #!""e##i$%al ri/ht# t$ a% heir +$! &!#t 4%$- -hat "$%#tit!te the 'eath $( aper#$% a%' al#$ 4%$- the le/al pre#!&pti$% $( 'eath !%'er arti"le# >9@ a%' >91 $( the Ci,ilC$'e.

I% "$%%e"ti$% -ith the ter& 'eath it #h$!l' *e *$r%e i% &i%' that it i# %$t li&ite' t$ %at!ral $rph+#i"al 'e&i#e $( a per#$%. The ter& i%"l!'e# pre#!&e' 'eath $""a#i$%e' *+ pr$l$%/e'a*#e%"e.

U%'er Arti"le >9@ a(ter a% a*#e%"e $( te% +ear# a per#$% #hall *e pre#!&e' 'ea' ($r thep!rp$#e $( $pe%i%/ hi# #!""e##i$%< *!t i( he 'i#appeare' a(ter the a/e $( #e,e%t+ (i,e +ear# a%a*#e%"e $( (i,e +ear# -ill *e #!((i"ie%t i% $r'er that hi# #!""e##i$% &a+ *e $pe%e'. The 'eath i#"$%#i'ere' t$ ha,e ta4e% pla"e $% the la#t 'a+ $( the peri$' $( a*#e%"e re)!ire' *+ the la-.

Plea#e %$te that !%'er Arti"le >91 $( the Ci,il C$'e the ($ll$-i%/ are pre#!&e' 'ea' ($r allp!rp$#e# i%"l!'i%/ the 'i,i#i$% $( hi# e#tate a&$%/ hi# heir#3

A per#$% $% *$ar' a ,e##el l$#t '!ri%/ a #ea ,$+a/e $r a% aer$pla%e -hi"h i# &i##i%/ -h$ha# %$t *ee% hear' $( ($r ($!r +ear# #i%"e the l$## $( the ,e##el $r the aer$pla%e. A -ill i# a% a"t -here*+ a per#$% i# per&itte' -ith the ($r&alitie# pre#"ri*e' *+ la-t$ "$%tr$l t$ a "ertai% 'e/ree the 'i#p$#iti$% $( hi# e#tate t$ ta4e e((e"t a(ter hi# 'eath. 887a2

N$ta Be%e3 F$r p!rp$#e# $( the *ar a%' the e0a&i%ati$%# it -ill '$ +$! /$$' t$ &e&$ri e,er*ati& the 'e(i%iti$% $( a -ill a# pr$,i'e' ($r !%'er Art. 7 >.

Plea#e %$te ,er+ -ill the phra#e t$ "$%tr$l t$ a "ertai% 'e/ree the 'i#p$#iti$% $( hi# e#tate.U%'er Arti"le 7 > a per#$% i# all$-e' $%l+ t$ "$%tr$l t$ a "ertai% 'e/ree the 'i#p$#iti$% $( hi#


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e#tate i% a -ill -ith the ($r&alitie# pre#"ri*e' *+ la- the #ai' 'i#p$#iti$%# t$ ta4e e((e"t a(ter hi#'eath.

D!e t$ the !#e $( the phra#e t$ ta4e e((e"t a(ter hi# 'eath i% Arti"le 7 > the la- %e"e##aril+i%te%'# that a -ill &!#t %e"e##aril+ *e re,$"a*le *e"a!#e the -ill '$e# %$t ta4e e((e"t '!ri%/ the

li(eti&e $( the te#tat$r *!t $%l+ !p$% the 'eath $( the later. Up t$ the &$&e%t $( hi# 'eath thete#tat$r i# (ree t$ "ha%/e hi# &i%'. ;e i# (ree t$ "ha%/e hi# -ill. ;e i# (ree t$ "ha%/e the $*5e"t#$( hi# *$!%t+ a%' %$*$'+ "a% "$&plai%t *e"a!#e the -ill i# e##e%tiall+ re,$"a*le at a%+ ti&e atthe -ill $( the te#tat$r.

Art. 7 . The &a4i%/ $( a -ill i# a #tri"tl+ per#$%al a"t< it "a%%$t *e le(t i% -h$le $r i% part t$the 'i#"reti$% $( a thir' per#$% $r a""$&pli#he' thr$!/h the i%#tr!&e%talit+ $( a% a/e%t $ratt$r%e+. 87@a2

Thi# arti"le re(er# t$ pr$hi*ite' 'ele/ati$%. The pr$hi*ite' 'ele/ati$% i# -ith re#pe"t t$ the&a4i%/ $( 'i#p$#iti$% the e0pre##i$% $( the -ill $( the te#tat$r. I% $ther -$r' the te#tat$r i# %$tall$-e' t$ #!*#tit!te hi# &i%' $r -ill -ith that $( a%$ther. ;$-e,er al-a+# *ear i% &i%' that the&e"ha%i"al a"t $( 'ra(ti%/ the -ill &a+ *e '$%e *+ a thir' per#$% i%a#&!"h a# #!"h a"t '$e#%$t "$%#tit!te a 'ele/ati$% $( the -ill $r 'i#p$#iti$%.

Art. 7 6. The '!rati$% $r e((i"a"+ $( the 'e#i/%ati$% $( heir# 'e,i#ee# $r le/atee# $r the'eter&i%ati$% $( the p$rti$%# -hi"h the+ are t$ ta4e -he% re(erre' t$ *+ %a&e "a%%$t *e le(t t$the 'i#"reti$% $( a thir' per#$%. 87@a2

N$ta Be%e3 The &atter# &e%ti$%e' i% Arti"le 7 6 are te#ta&e%tar+ i% %at!re a# the+"$%#tit!te the e0pre##i$% $( the -ill $r 'i#p$#iti$%# $( the te#tat$r. ;e%"e ($ll$-i%/ the pri%"iple

#tate' i% Arti"le 7 the+ "$!l'%t *e 'ele/ate' t$ a thir' per#$%.

Art. 7 8. The te#tat$r &a+ e%tr!#t t$ a thir' per#$% the 'i#tri*!ti$% $( #pe"i(i" pr$pert+ $r#! $( &$%e+ that he &a+ lea,e i% /e%eral t$ #pe"i(ie' "la##e# $r "a!#e# a%' al#$ the'e#i/%ati$% $( the per#$%# i%#tit!ti$%# $r e#ta*li#h&e%t# t$ -hi"h #!"h pr$pert+ $r #! $(&$%e+ are t$ *e /i,e% $r applie'. 871a2

Plea#e %$te that the "a#e# "$%te&plate' i% Arti"le 7 8 are i%#ta%"e# -here there i# %$'ele/ati$% $( the -ill $r te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%# *e"a!#e the te#tat$r ha# alrea'+ e0pre##e'hi# -ill *+ lea,i%/ #pe"i(i" pr$pert+ $r #! $( &$%e+ i% /e%eral t$ #pe"i(ie' "la##e' $r "a!#e#.The thir' per#$% e%tr!#te' t$ &a4e the 'i#tri*!ti$% t$ the e0te%t $( "h$$#i%/ the per#$%#i%#tit!ti$%# $r e#ta*li#h&e%t# t$ -hi"h the pr$pert+ $r &$%e+ -ill *e /i,e% $r applie' !%'er the

-ill '$e# %$t &a4e a%+ 'i#p$#iti$% *!t #i&pl+ "arrie# $!t 'etail# i% the e0e"!ti$% $( thete#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$% &a'e *+ the te#tat$r i% hi# -ill.

Art. 7 7. The te#tat$r &a+ %$t &a4e a te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$% i% #!"h &a%%er that a%$therper#$% ha# t$ 'eter&i%e -hether $r %$t it i# t$ *e $perati,e. %2


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Plea#e %$te that the te#tat$r i# %$t all$-e' t$ pr$,i'e i% hi# -ill t$ all$- a per#$% t$'eter&i%e -hether $r %$t the te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%# i# t$ *e $perati,e. T$ 'ele/ate t$ a thir'per#$% the p$-er t$ 'eter&i%e -hether $r %$t a te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$% i# t$ *e $perati,e i# i%e((e"t 'ele/ati%/ the p$-er t$ &a4e te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$% -$!l' !%'e%ia*l+ ,i$late the

/e%eral pri%"iple e&*$'ie' i% Arti"le 7 th!# the te#tat$r i# %$t all$-e' t$ &a4e #!"h'ele/ati$% i% hi# -ill.

Art. 7 . I( a te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$% a'&it# $( 'i((ere%t i%terpretati$%# i% "a#e $( '$!*t thati%terpretati$% *+ -hi"h the 'i#p$#iti$% i# t$ *e $perati,e #hall *e pre(erre'.

Plea#e %$te that i% i%terpreti%/ the -ill $r a%+ 'i#p$#iti$%# therei% the pri&$r'ial pri%"iple i#al-a+# pre(ere%"e t$ that i%terpretati$% that -ill /i,e &ea%i%/ a%' e((e"t t$ the -ill $( thete#tat$r. Th!# i% "$%#tr!i%/ the pr$,i#i$%# $( a -ill #!*#ta%"e rather tha% ($r& &!#t *ere/ar'e' a%' the i%#tr!&e%t #h$!l' re"ei,e the &$#t (a,$ra*le "$%#tr!"ti$% t$ a""$&pli#h thep!rp$#e i%te%'e' *+ the te#tat$r. The i%te%ti$% $( the te#tat$r i# the "$%tr$lli%/ (a"t$r i% the

5!ri'i"al relati$%# ari#i%/ (r$& the -ill< he%"e it i# %e"e##ar+ t$ i%terpret that i%te%ti$% rati$%all+a%' i% #!"h &a%%er a# %$t t$ re%'er i%e((e"ti,e the te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%. Plea#e al-a+#*ear i% &i%' al#$ that i% te#ta&e%tar+ #!""e##i$% the -ill $( the te#tat$r i# the (ir#t la- !%le##the i%te%ti$% $( the te#tat$r i% hi# -ill i# "$%trar+ t$ la- #!"h i%te%ti$% &!#t *e /i,e% e((e"t. B+la- &ea%# %$t the per&i##i,e la-# *!t "$&p!l#$r+ la-# that -ill re%'er the i%te%ti$% $r'i#p$#iti$%# $( the te#tat$r %!ll a%' ,$i'.

Plea#e %$te that i% the #a&e &a%%er a# -e "$%#tr!e the ,ali'it+ $( a la- the $*5e"t i% the"$%#tr!"ti$% $r the -ill i# %$t t$ #ee4 (la-# i% the i%#tr!&e%t a%' 'e"lare it i%,ali' *!t rather t$#!#tai% it i( le/all+ p$##i*le. The pre#!&pti$% i# that the te#tat$r i%te%'e' a la-(!l rather tha% a%

!%la-(!l thi%/ a%' "$!rt# -ill %$t #ee4 a% i%terpretati$% that -ill %!lli(+ hi# -ill $r a%+ partthere$(. There($re a# *et-ee% t-$ i%terpretati$%# $%e -$!l' re%'er the -ill $r a%+ part there$(,$i' that i%terpretati$% that -$!l' &a4e the -ill ,ali' a%' $perati,e &!#t *e prepare'.

Plea#e %$te ,er+ -ell h$-e,er that -he% the la%/!a/e $( a -ill $r a%+ te#ta&e%tar+'i#p$#iti$%# therei% i# plai% a%' !%a&*i/!$!# "$!rt# are %$t per&itte' t$ -re#t it (r$& it#%at!ral &ea%i%/ i% $r'er t$ #a,e it (r$& %!llit+. Th!# -he% it appear that the 'i#p$#iti$%# areplai%l+ a%' !%a&*i/!$!#l+ ,$i' "$!rt# "a%%$t #a,e it (r$& it# $*,i$!# %!llit+.

Art. 7 9. Whe% there i# a% i&per(e"t 'e#"ripti$% $r -he% %$ per#$% $r pr$pert+ e0a"tl+a%#-er# the 'e#"ripti$% &i#ta4e# a%' $&i##i$%# &!#t *e "$rre"te' i( the err$r appear# (r$&the "$%te0t $( the -ill $r (r$& e0tri%#i" e,i'e%"e e0"l!'i%/ the $ral 'e"larati$%# $( the te#tat$ra# t$ hi# i%te%ti$%< a%' -he% a% !%"ertai%t+ ari#e# !p$% the (a"e $( the -ill a# t$ the appli"ati$%$( a%+ $( it# pr$,i#i$%# the te#tat$r# i%te%ti$% i# t$ *e a#"ertai%e' (r$& the -$r'# $( the -illta4i%/ i%t$ "$%#i'erati$% the "ir"!ta%"e# !%'er -hi"h it -a# &a'e e0"l!'i%/ #!"h $ral'e"larati$%. %2

Plea#e %$te there are t-$ 4i%'# $( a&*i/!it+ i% a -ill. The+ are3


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Pate%t $r e0tri%#i" a&*i/!it+< a%'Late%t $r i%tri%#i" a&*i/!it+.

A pate%t $r e0tri%#i" a&*i/!it+ i% a -ill appear# $% the (a"e $( the -ill it#el( #!"h a# -he% the

te#tat$r /i,e# a 'e,i#e $r le/a"+ i% hi# -ill t$ t$ #$&e $( the #i0 "hil're% $( hi# *r$ther J!a%. I%thi# "a#e there i# a% a&*i/!it+ *e"a!#e it "a%%$t *e 'eter&i%e' -h$ a&$%/ the #i0 "hil're% $(J!a% are t$ re"ei,e the *$!%t+ $( the te#tat$r. The '$!*t i# rea'il+ 'i#"er%i*le (r$& the (a"e $(the -ill it#el(.

A late%t $r i%tri%#i" a&*i/!it+ i# $%e -hi"h "a%%$t *e #ee% (r$& a &ere per!#al $r rea'i%/ $( a -ill *!t -hi"h a&*i/!it+ ari#e# $%l+ !p$% "$%#i'erati$% $( e0tri%#i" "ir"!ta%"e# -hi"h i#$!t#i'e the -ill. A% e0a&ple i# -he% the te#tat$r /i,e# a le/a"+ t$ &+ "$!#i% Pe'r$ a%' it t!r%#$!t that he ha# t-$ $r &$re "$!#i%# %a&e' Pe'r$. A late%t $r i%tri%#i" a&*i/!it+ &a+ there($reari#e either 12 -he% the -ill %a&e# a per#$% a# *e%e(i"iar+ $( a /i(t $r a thi%/ a# the #!*5e"t&atter $( #!"h /i(t a%' there are t-$ $r &$re per#$%# that a%#-er t$ #!"h %a&e $r t-$ $r&$re thi%/# that &eet #!"h 'e#"ripti$% $r =2 -here there i# a &i#'e#"ripti$% $( the *e%e(i"iar+$r the thi%/ /i,e% a# /i(t.

Par$l $r e0tri%#i" e,i'e%"e the -ei/ht $( a!th$rit+ i% &a%+ A&eri"a% 5!ri#'i"ti$%# i# that par$l $re0tri%#i" e,i'e%"e i# a'&i##i*le t$ e0plai% the -ill i( the a&*i/!it+ i# late%t $r i%tri%#i"< h$-e,er#!"h 4i%' $( e,i'e%"e i# %$t a'&i##i*le i( the a&*i/!it+ i# pate%t. Si%"e a late%t a&*i/!it+ i#'i#"l$#e' $%l+ *+ e0tri%#i" e,i'e%"e it &a+ *e re&$,e' $( e,i'e%"e $( the #a&e 4i%'< -herea#$% the $ther ha%' a pate%t a&*i/!it+ appear# $% the (a"e $( the -ill a%' &!#t *e e0plai%e' *+"$%#tr!"ti$% $( the -ill a""$r'i%/ t$ #ettle' le/al pri%"iple# a%' %$t *+ e0tri%#i" e,i'e%"e thei%te%ti$% $( the te#tat$r i# t$ *e 'eter&i%e' (r$& the -ill al$%e.

Plea#e %$te that e0tri%#i" e,i'e%"e t$ e0plai% a&*i/!itie# i% a -ill "a%%$t i%"l!'e $ral'e"larati$%# $( the te#tat$r. Th!# *+ i&pli"ati$% -ritte% 'e"larati$%# $( the te#tat$r area'&i##i*le. The rea#$% i# that the a'&i##i$% $( $ral 'e"larati$%# $( the te#tat$r -h$#e lip# ha,e*ee% #eale' *+ 'eath a%' there($re "a% %$ l$%/er 'e%+ $r a((ir& the tr!th $( -hat -it%e##e#&a+ #a+ he 'e"lare' -$!l' "reate "$%(!#i$% a%' /i,e ri#e t$ (al#e "lai. S!"h $ral'e"larati$%# are %$t a'&i##i*le i% e,i'e%"e t$ "lari(+ a&*i/!itie# i% a -ill -hether &a'e *e($re$r a(ter the e0e"!ti$% $( a -ill.

Art. 79@. The -$r'# $( a -ill are t$ *e ta4e% i% their $r'i%ar+ a%' /ra&&ati"al #e%#e !%le## a"lear i%te%ti$% t$ !#e the& i% a%$ther #e%#e "a% *e /athere' a%' that $ther "a% *ea#"ertai%e'. Te"h%i"al -$r'# i% a -ill are t$ *e ta4e% i% their te"h%i"al #e%#e !%le## the "$%te0t"learl+ i%'i"ate# a "$%trar+ i%te%ti$% $r !%le## it #ati#(a"t$ril+ appear# that the -ill -a# 'ra-%#$lel+ *+ the te#tat$r a%' that he -a# !%a")!ai%te' -ith #!"h te"h%i"al #e%#e. 876a2

Plea#e %$te that i% te#ta&e%tar+ #!""e##i$% the i%te%t $( the te#tat$r i# para&$!%t. Th!# i%te#ta&e%tar+ #!""e##i$% the i%te%t $( the te#tat$r i# the (ir#t la-. Th!# all r!le# $( "$%#tr!"ti$%are 'e#i/%e' t$ a#"ertai% a%' /i,e e((e"t t$ that i%te%ti$%. It i# $%l+ -he% the i%te%ti$% $( the


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te#tat$r i# "$%trar+ t$ la- &$ral# $r p!*li" p$li"+ that it "a%%$t *e /i,e% e((e"t.

The -$r'# a%' pr$,i#i$% i% a -ill &!#t *e plai%l+ "$%#tr!e' t$ a,$i' a ,i$lati$% $( thei%te%ti$%# $( the -ill $( the te#tat$r i% hi# la#t -ill a%' te#ta&e%t. Whe% the -$r'# !#e' *+ thete#tat$r i# "lear a%' !%e)!i,$"al )!e#ti$%# ari#i%/ i% the "$!rt# ($r the "$%#tr!"ti$% $( #!"h

-$r'# &!#t *e re#$l,e' i% a""$r'a%"e -ith the plai% a%' literal &ea%i%/ $( the la%/!a/e $( thete#tat$r e0"ept -here it "learl+ appear# that hi# i%te%ti$% -a# $ther tha% that a"t!all+e0pre##e'.

Art. 791. The -$r'# i% a -ill are t$ re"ei,e a% i%terpretati$% -hi"h -ill /i,e t$ e,er+e0pre##i$% #$&e e((e"t rather tha% $%e -hi"h -ill re%'er a%+ $( the e0pre##i$% i%$perati,e< a%'$( t-$ &$'e# $( i%terpreti%/ a -ill that i# t$ *e prepare' -hi"h -ill pre,e%t i%te#ta"+. %2

I% "$%#tr!i%/ the pr$,i#i$%# $( a -ill the -$r'# there$( #h$!l' re"ei,e a% i%terpretati$% -hi"h -ill /i,e e((e"t t$ e0pre##i$% $( the te#tat$r rather tha% $%e -hi"h -ill re%'er a%+ $( thee0pre##i$% i%$perati,e. Th!# a# (ar a# p$##i*le the appare%tl+ "$%(li"ti%/ pr$,i#i$%# i% a -ill&!#t *e har&$%i e' t$ &a4e the& "$ e0i#t -ith ea"h $ther. A%' $( &$'e# $( i%terpreti%/ a -illthat i%terpretati$% -hi"h -ill pre,e%t i%te#ta"+ i# prepare'.

What i# the rea#$% -h+ the la- pre(er# that i%terpretati$% $( a -ill that -ill "a!#e i%te#ta"+:A%#-er3 The p$li"+ $( the la- i# t$ /i,e &ea%i%/ a%' e((e"t t$ the la#t -ill a%' te#ta&e%t $( thete#tat$r. I% te#ta&e%tar+ #!""e##i$% the (ir#t la- i# the -ill $( the te#tat$r. Th!# -here a -illha# *ee% e0e"!te' the rea#$%a*le a%' %at!ral pre#!&pti$% i# that the te#tat$r i%te%'# t$'i#p$#e $( all hi# pr$pert+. There i# %$ pre#!&pti$% $( a% i%te%ti$% t$ 'ie i%te#tate a# t$ a%+p$rti$% $( hi# e#tate -he% the -$r'# !#e' *+ the te#tat$r i% hi# -ill "a% "learl+ "arr+ the -h$lee#tate. The pre#!&pti$% a/ai%#t i%te#ta"+ i# #$ #tr$%/ that "$!rt# -ill a'$pt a%+ rea#$%a*le

"$%#tr!"ti$%# $( a -ill i% $r'er t$ a,$i' it.

Art. 79=. The i%,ali'it+ $( $%e $( #e,eral 'i#p$#iti$%# "$%tai%e' i% a -ill '$e# %$t re#!lt i% thei%,ali'it+ $( the $ther 'i#p$#iti$%# !%le## it i# t$ *e pre#!&e' that the te#tat$r -$!l' %$t ha,e&a'e #!"h $ther 'i#p$#iti$%# i( the (ir#t i%,ali' 'i#p$#iti$% ha' %$t *ee% &a'e. %2

Plea#e %$te that -he%e,er a pr$*ate "$!rt 'e"lare# the i%,ali'it+ $( $%e $( the 'i#p$#iti$%# i%a -ill the i%,ali'it+ $( #!"h pr$,i#i$% '$e# %$t re#!lt i% the i%,ali'it+ $( the $ther 'i#p$#iti$%#!%le## it "$!l' *e pre#!&e' that the te#tat$r -$!l' %$t ha,e &a'e #!"h $ther 'i#p$#iti$%# i( the(ir#t i%,ali' 'i#p$#iti$% ha' %$t *ee% &a'e.

Art. 79>. Pr$pert+ a")!ire' a(ter the &a4i%/ $( a -ill #hall $%l+ pa## there*+ a# i( the te#tat$rha' p$##e##e' it at the ti&e $( &a4i%/ the -ill #h$!l' it e0pre##l+ appear *+ the -ill that #!"h

-a# hi# i%te%ti$%. %2

Plea#e %$te that a""$r'i%/ t$ T$le%ti%$ Thi# arti"le #tate# a pri%"iple that i# "$%trar+ t$ thepri%"iple e0pre##e' i% the $ther pr$,i#i$%# $( the Ci,il C$'e. A""$r'i%/ t$ hi& thi# arti"le"$%tra,e%e# the pr$,i#i$%# $( arti"le# 77 778 7 1 a%' 7 =. A""$r'i%/ t$ T$le%ti%$ the


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pri%"iple !%'erl+i%/ the #ai' arti"le# i# that the i%herita%"e $( a per#$% i%"l!'e# all the pr$pert+ri/ht# a%' $*li/ati$%# %$t e0ti%/!i#he' *+ hi# 'eath a%' it i%"l!'e# %$t $%l+ th$#e e0i#ti%/ atthe ti&e $( 'eath *!t al#$ th$#e a""r!i%/ theret$ #i%"e #!"h 'eath. I% $ther -$r'# a""$r'i%/ t$hi& i( the te#tat$r &erel+ #a+# i% hi# -ill3 ;ere*+ i%#tit!te r. a# &+ #$le heir the i%#tit!ti$%#h$!l' e%title r. t$ all the tra%#&i##i*le pr$pert+ $( the te#tat$r at the ti&e $( hi# 'eath %$t at

the ti&e $( the &a4i%/ $( the -ill. ?et *+ the pr$,i#i$%# $( the pre#e%t arti"le r. -$!l' *eli&ite' t$ the pr$pert+ at the ti&e $( the &a4i%/ $( the -ill. A%' pr$pertie#a")!ire' *+ the te#tat$r there($re "a%%$t pa## t$ r. *e"a!#e there i# %$ e0pre## 'e"larati$%$( the i%te%ti$% $( the te#tat$r t$ thi# e((e"t.

Plea#e 'i#a*!#e +$!r &i%'# a*$!t the appare%t "$%(li"t $( thi# arti"le -ith the $therpr$,i#i$%# $( the Ci,il C$'e. S!((i"e it t$ #a+ that ($r the p!rp$#e# $( the Bar E0a&i%ati$%# a%'&+ e0a&i%ati$%# +$! #h$!l' al-a+# *ear i% &i%' thi# pri%"iple i% #!""e##i$%3 The i%herita%"ei%"l!'e# all the pr$pert+ ri/ht# a%' $*li/ati$%# $( a per#$% %$t e0ti%/!i#he' *+ hi# 'eath a%'th$#e a""r!i%/ theret$ a(ter hi# 'eath.

Art. 79 . E,er+ 'e,i#e $r le/a"+ #hall "$%,e+ all the i%tere#t -hi"h the te#tat$r "$!l' 'e,i#e $r*e)!eath i% the pr$pert+ 'i#p$#e' $( !%le## it "learl+ appear# (r$& the -ill that he i%te%' t$"$%,e+ a le## i%tere#t. %2

Plea#e N$te3 Whe% the te#tat$r '$e# %$t #tate the e0te%t $( the i%tere#t that he /i,e# t$ thele/atee $r 'e,i#ee i% the pr$pert+ tra%#&itte' it i# !%'er#t$$' that hi# -h$le i%tere#t pa##e# %$&$re %$ le##. ;$-e,er the te#tat$r !%'er the pre#e%t arti"le &a+ &a%i(e#t hi# i%te%ti$% t$"$%,e+ a le## i%tere#t i% -hi"h "a#e the i%te%ti$% $( the te#tat$r -ill *e ($ll$-e'.

Art. 796. The ,ali'it+ $( a -ill a# t$ it# ($r& 'e(e%'# !p$% the $*#er,a%"e $( the la- i% ($r"e at

the ti&e it i# &a'e. %2

Plea#e %$te that there &a+ *e "a#e# that the la- i% ($r"e at the ti&e $( the &a4i%/ $( the -ill&a+ *e a&e%'e' $r repeale' *+ the le/i#lat!re. The a&e%'&e%t $( the la- i% ($r"e at the ti&e$( the &a4i%/ $( -ill '$e# %$t a((e"t the $perati$% $( the -ill. The la- the% i% ($r"e at the ti&e $(the &a4i%/ $( the -ill #hall *e applie' -ith re#pe"t t$ a%+ i##!e i% "$%%e"ti$% -ith the ,ali'it+there$( $r a%+ pr$,i#i$%# there$(.

I% "$%%e"ti$% -ith the pre#e%t arti"le plea#e ta4e %$te $( the pr$,i#i$%# $( Arti"le 18 par. = $(the Ci,il C$'e. I%te#tate a%' te#ta&e%tar+ #!""e##i$%# *$th -ith re#pe"t t$ the $r'er $(#!""e##i$% a%' t$ the a&$!%t $( #!""e##i$%al ri/ht# a%' t$ the i%tri%#i" ,ali'it+ $( thete#ta&e%tar+ pr$,i#i$%# #hall *e re/!late' *+ the %ati$%al la- $( the per#$% -h$#e #!""e##i$%i# !%'er "$%#i'erati$% -hate,er &a+ *e the %at!re $( the pr$pert+ a%' re/ar'le## $( the"$!%tr+ -herei% the #ai' pr$pert+ &a+ *e ($!%'.

Plea#e ta4e %$te al#$ that the pla"e $( e0e"!ti$% ha# %$ e((e"t !p$% the ,ali'it+ $( thepr$,i#i$%# $( the -ill.


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N$ta Be%e3 I% "a#e the 'e"e'e%t i# a ($rei/% %ati$%al the )!e#ti$% a# t$ -hat ($rei/% la- i#t$ /$,er% *$th -ith re#pe"t t$ the $r'er $( #!""e##i$% the a&$!%t $( #!""e##i$%al ri/ht# a%'the i%tri%#i" ,ali'it+ $( hi# -ill the ($rei/% la- /$,er%i%/ the i##!e i# $%e $( (a"t a%' %$t $( la-.;e%"e the %ati$%al la- $( that ($rei/%er &!#t *e pr$,e% li4e a%+ $ther (a"t i% 'i#p!te. The+ &a+%$t *e ta4e% 5!'i"ial %$ti"e $( e0"ept -he% #ai' la-# are alrea'+ -ithi% the a"t!al 4%$-le'/e $(

the "$!rt $r the+ ha,e *ee% a"t!all+ r!le' !p$% i% $ther "a#e# *e($re it a%' %$%e $( the partie#"$%"er%e' '$ %$t "lai& $ther-i#e. Phil. C$&&er"ial a%' I%'!#trial Ba%4 ,#. E#"$li% 68 SCRA=882

S!*#e"ti$% =. Te#ta&e%tar+ Capa"it+ a%' I%te%t

Art. 798. All per#$%# -h$ are %$t e0pre##l+ pr$hi*ite' *+ la- &a+ &a4e a -ill. 88=2

N$ta Be%e3

The la- pre#!&e# "apa"it+ t$ &a4e a -ill< he%"e i% $r'er that a per#$% &a+ *e 'i#)!ali(ie' t$&a4e $%e he &!#t *e e0pre##l+ pr$hi*ite' *+ la-. ere -ea4%e## $( &i%' $r partial i&*e"ilit+(r$& 'i#ea#e $( *$'+ $r (r$& a/e '$e# %$t re%'er a per#$% i%"apa*le $( &a4i%/ a -ill.

The -$r' per#$% &ea%# $%l+ %at!ral per#$%#.

E,e% a #pe%'thri(t $r pr$'i/al !%'er /!ar'ia%#hip "a% &a4e a -ill there *ei%/ %$'i#)!ali(i"ati$% pr$,i'e' *+ la-.

A per#$% !%'er "i,il i%ter'i"ti$% "a% &a4e a -ill< he i# 'i#)!ali(ie' ($r 'i#p$#iti$%# $( pr$pert+$%l+ *+ a% a"t i%ter ,i,$# *!t %$t *+ a"t &$rti# "a!#a.

Art. 797. Per#$%# $( either #e0 !%'er ei/htee% +ear# $( a/e "a%%$t &a4e a -ill. %2

N$ta Be%e3 Be"a!#e it i# the p$li"+ $( the la- t$ pre#!&e that the te#tat$r ha# "apa"it+ t$&a4e a -ill a te#tat$r &!#t *e at lea#t 1 +ear# $l' at the ti&e $( the &a4i%/ $( the -ill. It i##!*&itte' *+ thi# repre#e%tati$% that i% the (ir#t #e"$%'# $( the 'a+ $( the 1 th *irth'a+ $( aper#$% he a")!ire# "apa"it+ t$ &a4e a -ill. Th!# i( a per#$% -a# *$r% at 113@@ O"l$"4 P. . $%Ja%!ar+ 1#t 19 @ -he% the "l$"4 t!r%# 1=3@@3@1 A. . i% 199 that per#$% "a% alrea'+ ,ali'l+&a4e a -ill ri/ht $% that &$&e%t.

Art. 79 . I% $r'er t$ &a4e a -ill it i# e##e%tial that the te#tat$r *e $( #$!%' &i%' at the ti&e $(it# e0e"!ti$%. %2

Art. 799. T$ *e $( #$!%' &i%' it i# %$t %e"e##ar+ that the te#tat$r *e i% (!ll p$##e##i$% $( allhi# rea#$%i%/ (a"!ltie# $r that hi# &i%' *e -h$ll+ !%*r$4e% !%i&paire' $r !%#hattere' *+'i#ea#e i%5!r+ $r $ther "a!#e.

It #hall *e #!((i"ie%t i( the te#tat$r -a# a*le at the ti&e $( &a4i%/ the -ill t$ 4%$- the %at!re $(


12/138

the e#tate t$ *e 'i#p$#e' $( the pr$per $*5e"t# $( hi# *$!%t+ a%' the "hara"ter $( thete#ta&e%tar+ a"t. %2

N$ta Be%e3

The lare)!ire# that the te#tat$r *e $( #$!%' &i%' at the ti&e $( the e0e"!ti$% $( the -ill. B+thi# i# &ea%t that he i# a*le t$ e0e"!te hi# -ill -ith a% !%'er#ta%'i%/ $( the %at!re $( the a"t#!"h a# the re"$lle"ti$% $( the pr$pert+ he &ea%# t$ 'i#p$#e $( $( the per#$% -h$ are $r -h$&i/ht rea#$%a*l+ *e the $*5e"t# $( hi# *$!%t+ a%' the &a%%er i% -hi"h it i# t$ *e 'i#tri*!te' t$the&.

The ($ll$-i%/ are the ele&e%t# $( te#ta&e%tar+ "apa"it+3

The te#tat$r &!#t ha,e the &e%tal "apa"it+ t$ !%'er#ta%' the %at!re a%' e((e"t# $( hi# a"t< thati# he &!#t 4%$- that the i%#tr!&e%t i# a% a"t &$rti# "a!#a -hi"h -ill 'i#p$#e $( hi# pr$pert+!p$% hi# 'eath. A &arrie' -$&a% &a+ 'i#p$#e *+ -ill $( all her #eparate pr$pert+ a# -ell a# her#hare $( "$%5!/al part%er#hip $r a*#$l!te "$&&!%it+ pr$pert+. %2

Arti"le# @1 @= a%' @> are all #el( e0pla%at$r+.

S!*#e"ti$% >. F$r $( Will#

INDS OF WILLS3

ORDINAR? OR NOTARIAL WILLS That -hi"h re)!ire# a&$%/ $ther thi%/# a% atte#tati$%"la!#e a%' a"4%$-le'/e&e%t *e($re a %$tar+ p!*li".;OLOGRAP; OR ;OLOGRAP;IC WILL The &$#t i&p$rta%t (eat!re there$( -hi"h i# it# *ei%/


14/138

-ritte% e%tirel+ (r$& the 'ate t$ the #i/%at!re i% the ha%'-riti%/ $( the te#tat$r. ;ere %either a%atte#tati$% "la!#e %$r a% a"4%$-le'/e&e%t *e($re a %$tar+ p!*li" i# %e"e##ar+.

NOTE3 The Ci,il C$'e '$e# %$t re"$/%i e the ,ali'it+ $( %!%"!pati,e -ill# -ill# $rall+ &a'e *+the te#tat$r i% "$%te&plati$% $( 'eath a%' *e($re "$&pete%t -it%e##.

Art. @ . E,er+ -ill &!#t *e i% -riti%/ a%' e0e"!te' i% a la%/!a/e $r 'iale"t 4%$-% t$ thete#tat$r. %2

The la%/!a/e $r 'iale"t !#e' i% the -ill &!#t *e 4%$-% t$ the te#tat$r. Whe% a -ill i#e0e"!te' i% a "ertai% &!%i"ipalit+ i% the 'iale"t "!rre%tl+ !#e' i% #!"h pr$,i%"e $r l$"alit+ thereari#e# a pre#!&pti$% the te#tat$r 4%e- the 'iale"t #$ !#e' i% the a*#e%"e $( e,i'e%"e t$ the"$%trar+. I% #$ pr$,i%/ the "$%trar+ e,i'e%"e ali!%'e $r e0tri%#i" e,i'e%"e i# all$-e'.

Art. @6. E,er+ -ill $ther tha% a h$l$/raphi" -ill &!#t *e #!*#"ri*e' at the e%' there$( *+ thete#tat$r hiel( $r *+ the te#tat$r# %a&e -ritte% *+ #$&e $ther per#$% i% hi# pre#e%"e a%' *+hi# e0pre## 'ire"ti$% a%' atte#te' a%' #!*#"ri*e' *+ three $r &$re "re'i*le -it%e##e# i% thepre#e%"e $( the te#tat$r a%' $( $%e a%$ther.

The te#tat$r $r the per#$% re)!e#te' *+ hi& t$ -rite hi# %a&e a%' the i%#tr!&e%tal -it%e##e#$( the -ill #hall al#$ #i/% a# a($re#ai' ea"h a%' e,er+ pa/e there$( e0"ept the la#t $% the le(t&ar/i% a%' all the pa/e# #hall *e %!&*ere' "$rrelati,el+ i% letter# pla"e' $% the !pper part $(ea"h pa/e.

The atte#tati$% #hall #tate the %!&*er $( pa/e# !#e' !p$% -hi"h the -ill i# -ritte% a%' the(a"t that the te#tat$r #i/%e' the -ill a%' e,er+ pa/e there$( $r "a!#e' #$&e $ther per#$% t$

-rite hi# %a&e !%'er hi# e0pre## 'ire"ti$% i% the pre#e%"e $( the i%#tr!&e%tal -it%e##e# a%'that the latter -it%e##e' a%' #i/%e' the -ill a%' all pa/e# there$( i% the pre#e%"e $( the te#tat$ra%' $( $%e a%$ther.

I( the atte#tati$% "la!#e i# i% a la%/!a/e %$t 4%$-% t$ the i%#tr!&e%tal -it%e##e# it #hall *ei%terprete' t$ the&. %2

RE UIRE ENTS FOR A NOTARIAL WILL3

The -ill &!#t *e i% -riti%/ either ha%'-ritte% t+pe' $r pri%te'< the &aterial $% -hi"h it i# -ritte% i# i&&aterial *e"a!#e the ,ali'it+ $( a -ill i# %$t a((e"te' *+ it# ha,i%/ *ee% -ritte% $%p$$r #tati$%ar+ $r it# %$% preparati$% *+ a% att$r%e+ $r the a*#e%"e $( "$pie# #ee V'a DeR$0a# ,. R$0a# O.G. =1772The -ill &!#t *e e0e"!te' i% a la%/!a/e 4%$-% t$ the te#tat$rr' pa/e *!t i# "$%"l!'e' $% the =%' pa/e the e%' $( the=%' pa/e i# l$/i"al e%' $( the -ill 67 A&. J!r. Se". =8 2.

E,e% i( $%l+ the te#tat$r# (ir#t %a&e $( the te#tat$r# i# #i/%e' at the e%' $( the -ill -ith$!t hi##!r%a&e the -ill i# ,ali' 5!#t the #a&e ?ap T!a ,. ?ap a !a% =7 Phil. 6792

A te#tat$r "a% #i/% -ith hi# th!&* &ar4 $r -ith hi# i%itial# $r e,e% -ith a r!**er #ta&p $r a%e%/ra,e' '+e pr$,i'e' he i%te%'# the #a&e t$ *e hi# #i/%at!re See A*a+a ,. ala&er$ 1@Phil. >67< Lea%$ ,#. Lea%$ >@ Phil. 81=2.

B!t -he% SO EBOD? ELSE -rite# the te#tat$r# %a&e ($r hi& &ere pla"i%/ *+ the te#tat$r $ra "r$## a(ter hi# %a&e -ith$!t there *ei%/ i% the -ill a #tate&e%t that #$&e*$'+ ha' #i/%e' ($rthe te#tat$r i# NOT SUFFICIENT a%' the -ill i# "$%#i'ere' VOID %$t *e"a!#e $( the "r$## *!t*e"a!#e $( (ail!re t$ #tate the #i/%i%/ $( %a&e *+ #$&e*$'+ el#e Gar"ia ,#. La C!e#ta et al.L @87 N$,. =9 19812 The C$!rt i% the La C!e#ta "a#e #ai' that it -$!l' ha,e *ee% 'i((ere%tha' it *ee% pr$,e' that the "r$## -a# the !#!al #i/%at!re $( the te#tat$r $r -a# e,e% $%e $( the

-a+# *+ -hi"h he #i/%e' hi# %a&e. I( the#e -ere #$ (ail!re t$ #tate the -riti%/ *+ #$&e*$'+el#e -$!l' ha,e *ee% i&&aterial #i%"e he -$!l' *e "$%#i'ere' t$ ha,e #i/%e' the -ill hiel(.

S$&e*$'+ el#e &a+ -rite the te#tat$r# %a&e ($r the latter pr$,i'e' thi# i# '$%e i% the latter#pre#e%"e a%' the latter# e0pre## 'ire"ti$% Art. @62.

The per#$% -riti%/ the %a&e $( the te#tat$r #h$!l' %$t *e $%e $( the > -it%e##e#. O( "$!r#ei( there *e &$re tha% > -it%e##e# $%e $( the& &a+ #i/% ($r the te#tat$r I% re Will $( Ta% Di!"

6 Phil. @72. ;$-e,er a""$r'i%/ t$ T$le%ti%$ the la- '$e# %$t #pe"i(+ -h$ &a+ #i/% thete#t$r# %a&e $% the -ill at hi# re)!e#t. ;e%"e a""$r'i%/ t$ hi& a%+ per#$% &a+ #i/% ($r hi&.E,e% $%e $( the #!*#"ri*i%/ $r atte#ti%/ -it%e##e# &a+ #i/% ($r the te#tat$r "iti%/ i% hi# *$$4E parte Le$%ar' >9 S.C. 61 1 S.E. =18< Rile+ ,. Rile+ >8 Ala. 982.

The per#$% #i/%i%/ ($r the te#tat$r '$e# %$t e,e% ha,e t$ p!t hi# $-% %a&e Bar!t ,.Ca/a"!%/a% 1 Phil. 812. All the lare)!ire# i# that he p!t# the %a&e $( the te#tat$r Cal!+a ,.D$&i%/$ =7 Phil. >>@2

B!t i( #$&e*$'+ p!t# hi# %a&e a%' $&it# that $( the te#tat$r thi# -$!l' *e a #!*#ta%tial,i$lati$% $( the la- a%' -$!l' re%'er the -ill i%,ali' G!i#$% ,. C$%"ep"i$% 6 Phil. 661< B$l$%a%,. A*ella%a et al. L 1616> A!/. >1 198@2.


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NOTE3 The 'ele/ate &!#t #i/% i% the TESTATORS PRESENCE *!t thi# '$e# %$t%e"e##aril+ &ea% that the te#tat$r &!#t a"t!all+ #ee the #i/%i%/< it i# e%$!/h that he "$!l' ha,e'$%e #$ $r (elt it a# -he% he i# *li%'2 -ith$!t a%+ ph+#i"al $*#tr!"ti$% ha' he -a%te' t$

Ja*$%eta ,. G!#till$ 6 Phil. 6 1l ?ap T!a ,. ?ap a !a% =7 Phil. 6792.

. The -ill &!#t *e atte#te' a%' #!*#"ri*e' *+ three $r &$re "re'i*le -it%e##e# i% thepre#e%"e $( the te#tat$r a%' $%e a%$ther

N$te3 Thi# re)!ire&e%t i# a#i'e (r$& the $ther re)!ire&e%t that there &!#t *e a% atte#tati$%"la!#e *e"a!#e thi# re)!ire# a% ATTESTING. A#i'e (r$& the atte#ti%/ it#el( there &!#t *ePROOF OF SUC; ATTESTING AND T;E PROOF IS W;AT WE CALL T;E atte#tati$% "la!#e.

The ter& i% the pre#e%"e '$e# %$t %e"e##aril+ re)!ire a"t!all+ #eei%/ *!t &ere p$##i*ilit+ $(#eei%/ -ith$!t a%+ ph+#i"al $*#tr!"ti$% Ja*$%eta ,. G!#till$ 6 Phil. 6 12. ;e%"e -he% aper#$% &erel+ ha# hi# *a"4 t!r%e' the #i/%i%/ i# '$%e i% hi# pre#e%"e #i%"e he "$!l' ha,e($"!# hi# e+e# i% the pr$per 'ire"ti$%. O% the $ther ha%' i( there i# a "!rtai% #eparati%/ thete#tat$r a%' #$&e -it%e##e# (r$& the $ther -it%e##e# there -$!l' *e a ph+#i"al $*#tr!"ti$%a%' the -ill "a%%$t *e ,ali' See Nera ,. Ri&a%'i 1 Phil. 6@2.

I% "a#e the te#tat$r i# *li%' the pre#e%"e &a+ *e "$&plie' -ith i( the #i/%i%/ $r a"ti$% i# -ithi% the ra%/e $( the $ther #e%#e# li4e heari%/ t$!"h et". $( the te#tat$r. What i# i&p$rta%t i#that he reali e# -hat i# *ei%/ '$%e. A% a!th$rit+ ha# re(erre' t$ thi# a# the TEST OFAVAILABLE SENSES.

The p!rp$#e $( pre#e%"e i# t$ a,$i' (ra!'!le%t #!*#tit!ti$% $( the -ill< a%' t$ &a4e it &$re

'i((i"!lt the i%,e%ti$% $( (al#e te#ti&$%+ *+ the -it%e##e# #i%"e the+ &a+ *e the -it%e##e# $($%e a%$ther.

It i# i&p$rta%t that the te#tat$r #i/%# i% the pre#e%"e $( the -it%e##e# he%"e it he *ri%/# t$ theiratte%ti$% a '$"!&e%t p!rp$rte'l+ t$ *e hi# -ill *!t alrea'+ pre,i$!#l+ #i/%e' the re)!ire&e%t $(the la- ha,e %$t *ee% "$&plie' -ith.

A# l$%/ a# the #i/%i%/ i# '$%e -ithi% the pre#e%"e $( $%e a%$ther it reall+ '$e# %$t &atter&!"h -hether the -it%e##e# #i/%e' ahea' $( $r a(ter the te#tat$r a# l$%/ a# the #i/%i%/ i##!((i"ie%tl+ "$%te&p$ra%e$!#. I% either "a#e the -ill i# ,ali' #ee Ga*riel ,. ate$ 61 Phil.=182.

62 The te#tat$r $r the per#$% re)!e#te' *+ hi& t$ -rite hi# %a&e a%' the i%#tr!&e%tal -it%e##e# $( the -ill #hall #i/% ea"h a%' e,er+ pa/e there$( e0"ept the la#t $% the le(t &ar/i%.

The la- #a+# pa/e %$t #heet. A #heet ha# t-$ pa/e# the (r$%t a%' the re,er#e #i'e< i( *$thare !#e' *$th &!#t *e pa/e' I% Re E#tate $( Sa/!i%#i% 1 Phil. 762


17/138

The la#t pa/e %ee' %$t *e #i/%e' $% the &ar/i% #i%"e the #i/%at!re# alrea'+ appear at thee%'. ;e%"e it i# -r$%/ t$ #a+ that the la#t pa/e there$( %ee'# %$t *e #i/%e' at all2.

I( the la#t pa/e "$%tai%# $%l+ the atte#tati$% "la!#e the te#tat$r %ee'# %$t #i/% $% the &ar/i%Fer%a%'e ,#. Ver/el 'e Di$# 8 Phi. 9==2.

Whe%e,er the &ar/i%al #i/%at!re# are re)!ire' alth$!/h the la- #a+ le(t &ar/i% the p!rp$#e i##er,e' i( the+ are $% the ri/ht t$p $r *$tt$& &ar/i%3 ($r the $%l+ p!rp$#e i# t$ i'e%ti(+ thepa/e# !#e' a%' th!# pre,e%t (ra!' A,e%a ,. Gar"ia = Phil. 1 6< Na+!e ,. $5al 7 Phil.16=2.

Fail!re t$ ha,e the &ar/i%al #i/%at!re# $( the te#tat$r a%' the -it%e##e# -he% %ee'e' i# aFATAL 'e(e"t I% re3 Will $( Priet$ 8 Phil 7@@2. Th!# e,e% i( the #e"$%' pa/e *ear# the#i/%at!re $r th!&* &ar4 a# the "a#e &a+ *e $( the te#tat$r *!t a*#e%t $% the (ir#t pa/e the

-ill "a%%$t *e a'&itte' t$ pr$*ate E#tate $( Ta&p$+ ,. Al*erati%e L 1 >== Fe*. =6 198@2.

Plea#e *e a*le t$ 'i#ti%/!i#h the "a#e $( Cel#$ I"a#ia%$ ,. Nati,i'a' I"a#ia%$ et al. L 1 979J!%e >@ 198 11 SCRA =>2 -ith that $( E#tate $( Ta&p$+ ,. Al*era#ti%e L 1 >== Fe*r!ar+=6 19=@2.

A "re'i*le -it%e## i# $%e p$##e##e' $( the )!ali(i"ati$%# i&p$#e' *+ la-. ;e &!#t *e"$&pete%t t$ te#ti(+. At the pr$*ate h$-e,er the te#ti&$%+ $( the -it%e##e# %ee' %$t *e a'etaile' $r a""!rate a""$!%t $( the pr$"ee'i%/# Ja,ella%a ,. Ja,ela%a L 1>7 1 Ja% >@ 198@2.

The -it%e## "a% #i/% -ith a "r$## $r a &ar4 pr$,i'e' that #!"h i# hi# !#!al #i/%at!re a%'pr$,i'e' (!rther that he reall+ 4%$-# h$- t$ rea' a%' -rite. Other-i#e he "a%%$t $( "$!r#e *e

a -it%e## Gar"ia ,. La C!e#ta L @87 N$,. =9 19612 N$te "$%ti%!e $% p. 8 $( Para#2

72 The atte#tati$% "la!#e #hall #tate3

The %!&*er $( the pa/e# !#e' !p$% -hi"h the -ill i# -ritte%2.

While Art. @9 re)!ire# &ere #!*#ta%tial "$&plia%"e Still the (ail!re $( the atte#tati$% "la!#e t$#tate the %!&*er $( pa/e# a# (atal 'e(e"t ;$-e,er e,e% i( the %!&*er $( pa/e# i# p!t '$-%#$&e-here el#e i% the -ill a# l$%/ a# %$ e,i'e%"e ali!%'e $r e0tri%#i" e,i'e%"e i# re)!ire'there i# 'ee&e' #!*#ta%tial "$&plia%"e -ith the la-. Si%/#$% ,. Fl$re%ti%$ L 8@> O"t. =6196=< G$% ale# ,. G$% ale# L >=7= N$,. =9 19612. The atte#tati$% i# pr$perl+ #pea4i%/ %$t part $( the -ill it#el( *!t #a&e &a+ $( "$!r#e *ei%"$rp$rate' i%t$ the -ill it#el( Al'a*a ,. R$)!e > Phil. 7 2. Or it &a+ $( "$!r#e *e -ritte% $%

a #eparate pa/e Villa(l$r ,. T$*ia# 6> Phil. 71 2.

The atte#tati$% "la!#e i# a% a"t $( the -it%e##e# he%"e it %ee' %$t "$%tai% the #i/%at!re $( thete#tat$r. I( pre#e%t #ai' #i/%at!re -ill *e treate' a# a &ere #!rpl!#a/e.

While the te#tat$r i# re)!ire' t$ 4%$- the la%/!a/e $( the -ill the -it%e##e# are %$t re)!ire' t$4%$- the la%/!a/e $( the atte#tati$% "la!#e. It i# #!((i"ie%t that it *e tra%#late' t$ the& Art. 6la#t par.2.

P!rp$#e $( the atte#tati$% "la!#e3

T$ pre#er,e i% per&a%e%t ($r& a re"$r' $( the (a"t# atte%'i%/ the e0e"!ti$% $( the -ill #$ that i%"a#e $( (ail!re $( &e&$r+ $( the #!*#"ri*i%/ -it%e##e# $r a%+ $ther "a#!alt+ the+ &a+ #till *epr$,e'. Le+%e# ,. Le+%e# @ O.G. N$. 7 p 6127Se*a#tia% ,. Pa%/a%i*a% 6@ Phil. 86>

E##e%tial re)!ire&e%t# ($r %$tarial -ill $ther tha% th$#e &e%ti$%e' i% Arti"le# @ a%' @63

Art. @8. E,er+ -ill &!#t *e a"4%$-le'/e' *e($re a %$tar+ p!*li" *+ the te#tat$r a%' the -it%e##e#. The %$tar+ p!*li" #hall %$t *e re)!ire' t$ retai% a "$p+ $( the -ill $r (ile a%$ther -iththe $((i"e $( the Cler4 $( C$!rt. %2

UESTION3 I# the a"4%$-le'/e&e%t *e &a'e i% $%e #i%/le tra%#a"ti$% -ith the e0e"!ti$% $(the -ill:

A%#-er3 There i# %$ pr$,i#i$% i% the pre#e%t "$'e -hether the a"4%$-le'/e&e%t *e($re the%$tar+ p!*li" a%' the #i/%i%/ $( the -ill *+ the te#tat$r a%' the -it%e##e# #h$!l' *e #i/%e' i% a#i%/le tra%#a"ti$%. I% the Spa%i#h Ci,il C$'e Art. 8992 there -a# #!"h a pr$,i#i$% re)!iri%/that all the ($r&alitie# pre#"ri*e' *+ la- #h$!l' *e per($r&e' i% a #i%/le a"t -ith$!t a%+i%terr!pti$%. U%'er the C$'e $( Ci,il Pr$"e'!re -hi"h /$,er%e' the e0e"!ti$% $( -ill# pri$r t$the e%a"t&e%t $( the pre#e%t Ci,il C$'e the #a&e pri%"iple -a# re"$/%i e' *+ $!r S!pre&eC$!rt. ;$-e,er T$le%ti%$ i# $( the ,ie- that !%'er the pre#e%t Ci,il C$'e the #i/%i%/ $( the -ill*+ the te#tat$r a%' the i%#tr!&e%tal -it%e##e# a%' the a"4%$-le'/e&e%t there$( *e($re the%$tar+ p!*li" '$ %$t ha,e t$ *e a #i%/le a"t. Th!# a% i%ter,al $( ti&e &a+ elap#e *et-ee% thea"t!al #i/%i%/ $( the -ill *+ the te#tat$r a%' the -it%e##e# a%' the a"4%$-le'/e&e%t *e($re the%$tar+ p!*li".

The %$tar+ p!*li" '$e# %$t ha,e t$ *e pre#e%t at the e0e"!ti$% $( the -ill. ;e &a+ $( "$!r#e *epre#e%t i( he -a%t#. ;e "a%%$t h$-e,er *e $%e $( the > i%#tr!&e%tal -it%e##e# re(erre' t$ i% thela-. ;i# pre#e%"e h$-e,er i# re)!ire' ($r the a"4%$-le'/e&e%t.

Art. @7. I( the te#tat$r i# 'ea( $r 'ea( &!te he &!#t per#$%all+ rea' the -ill i( a*le t$ '$ #$= SCRA 9@2

UESTION3 Sh$!l' the -ill *e #i/%e' a%' e0e"!te' i% the pre#e%"e $( the %$tar+ p!*li":

ANSWER3 The la- i# #ile%t $% thi# p$i%t *!t it -$!l' #ee& that ($r the *etter pr$te"ti$% $( thete#tat$r it i# a',i#a*le that the -ill i# #i/%e' *+ the te#tat$r a%' the i%#tr!&e%tal -it%e##e#*e($re the %$tar+ p!*li" #$ that the *li%' $r illiterate te#tat$r &a+ ha,e the *e%e(it $( the %$tar+p!*li"# parti"ipati$% e,e% *e($re he #i/%# the -ill.

UESTION3 I( a per#$% i# a 'ea( &!te a%' al#$ *li%' &a+ he #till &a4e a -ill:

ANSWER3 N$ !%le## i% #$&e -a+ the "$%te%t# $( the -ill &a+ pr$perl+ *e "$&&!%i"ate' t$hi& i% a""$r'a%"e -ith the le/al re)!ire&e%t#.

NOTE3 Thi# arti"le #h$!l' al#$ *e applie' t$ a "a#e $( a% illiterate te#tat$r -h$ i# %$t *li%'*e"a!#e he i# $% the #a&e pla%e $r #it!ati$% a# $( a *li%' te#tat$r *e"a!#e he "a%%$t al#$ rea'the -ill.

Art. @9. I% the a*#e%"e $( *a' (aith ($r/er+ $r (ra!' $r !%'!e i%(l!e%"e a%' i&pr$perpre##!re a%' i%(l!e%"e 'e(e"t# a%' i&per(e"ti$%# i% the ($r& $( atte#tati$% $r i% the la%/!a/e!#e' therei% #hall %$t re%'er the -ill i%,ali' i( it i# pr$,e' that the -ill -a# i% (a"t e0e"!te' a%'

atte#te' i% #!*#ta%tial "$&plia%"e -ith all the re)!ire&e%t# $( Arti"le @6. %2

E((e"t# $( #!*#ta%tial "$&plia%"e -ith Arti"le @63

Arti"le @9 #tate# the r!le ($r #!*#ta%tial "$&plia%"e -ith arti"le @6. That i# a# l$%/ a# thep!rp$#e #$!/ht *+ the atte#tati$% "la!#e i# $*tai%e' the #a&e #h$!l' *e "$%#i'ere' ,ali'.

NOTA BENE3 The la- #pea4# %$t $( 'e(e"t# $( #!*#ta%"e *!t 'e(e"t# a%' i&per(e"ti$%# i%the FOR $( atte#tati$% "la!#e $r the la%/!a/e !#e' therei%.

Art. 1@. A per#$% &a+ e0e"!te a h$l$/raphi" -ill -hi"h &!#t *e e%tirel+ -ritte% 'ate' a%'

#i/%e' *+ the ha%' $( the te#tat$r hiel(. It i# #!*5e"t t$ %$ $ther ($r& a%' &a+ *e &a'e i% $r$!t $( the Philippi%e# a%' %ee' %$t *e -it%e##e'.

87 8 a2

NOTA BENE3

There i# %$ #pe"i(i" ($r& ($r the ,ali'it+ $( a h$l$/raphi" -ill. It &a+ *e &a'e i% $r $!t $( the"$!%tr+ a%' %ee' %$t *e -it%e##e'. It i# a &!#t that the -ill &!#t *e e%tirel+ -ritte% 'ate' a%'


22/138

#i/%e' *+ the ha%' $( the te#tat$r.

Art. 11. I% the pr$*ate $( a h$l$/raphi" -ill it #hall *e %e"e##ar+ that at lea#t $%e -it%e## -h$ 4%$-# the ha%'-riti%/ a%' #i/%at!re $( the te#tat$r e0pli"itl+ 'e"lare that the -ill a%' the#i/%at!re are i% the ha%'-riti%/ $( the te#tat$r. I( the -ill i# "$%te#te' at lea#t three $( #!"h

-it%e##e# #hall *e re)!ire'.

I% the a*#e%"e $( a%+ "$&pete%t -it%e## re(erre' t$ i% the pre"e'i%/ para/raph a%'i( the "$!rt 'ee& it %e"e##ar+ e0pert te#ti&$%+ &a+ *e re#$rte' t$. 891a2

I% the pr$*ate $( a h$l$/raphi" -ill at lea#t $%e -it%e## &!#t *e pre#e%te' t$ pr$*e that theha%'-riti%/ a%' the #i/%at!re i% the -ill i# that $( the te#tat$r. I% the "$!r#e $( the te#ti&$%+ $(thi# -it%e## he #h$!l' e#ta*li#h i% e,i'e%"e the (a"t that he i# (a&iliar -ith the ha%'-riti%/ a%'#i/%at!re $( the te#tat$r *+ %arrati%/ "ir"!ta%"e# -h+ he *e"a&e (a&iliar theret$ a%' he&!#t e0pli"itl+ 'e"lare that the -ill a%' the #i/%at!re i% the -ill are i% the ha%'-riti%/ $( thete#tat$r.

I( the h$l$/raphi" -ill i# "$%te#te' at lea#t three -it%e##e# i# %e"e##ar+. I% the a*#e%"e $(a%+ "$&pete%t -it%e## a%' i( the "$!rt 'ee& it %e"e##ar+ e0pert te#ti&$%+ &a+ *e re#$rte' t$.

Art. 1=. I% h$l$/raphi" -ill# the 'i#p$#iti$%# $( the te#tat$r -ritte% *el$- hi# #i/%at!re &!#t*e 'ate' a%' #i/%e' *+ hi& i% $r'er t$ &a4e the& ,ali' a# te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%#. %2

It i# p$##i*le that a te#tat$r &a+ ha,e alrea'+ &a'e hi# h$l$/raphi" -ill. B!t #!*#e)!e%ttheret$ he 'e#ire' t$ &a4e a'' iti$%al te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%# -ith$!t &a4i%/ a%$ther -ill *+a''i%/ #ai' 'i#p$#iti$%# a(ter hi# #i/%at!re i% hi# h$l$/raphi" -ill. F$r the ,ali'it+ $( a%+

a''iti$%al 'i#p$#iti$% i% a h$l$/raphi" -ill it &!#t *e i% the ha%'-riti%/ $( the te#tat$r 'ate'a%' #i/%e' *+ hi&.

;e%"e i( a%$ther per#$% !%'er the e0pre## 'ire"ti$% $( the te#tat$r -r$te the a''iti$%al'i#p$#iti$% e,e% i( the #a&e *e #i/%e' a%' 'ate' *+ the te#tat$r hiel( the a''iti$%al'i#p$#iti$% i# ,$i'. Al#$ e,e% i( the 'i#p$#iti$% *e i% the ha%'-riti%/ $( the te#tat$r *!t i( it i# $%l+#i/%e' *!t %$t 'ate' $r 'ate' *!t %$t #i/%e' *+ the te#tat$r the #ai' 'i#p$#iti$% i# ,$i' a%' ha#%$ e((e"t -hat#$e,er.

Art. 1 . I% "a#e $( a%+ i%#erti$% "a%"ellati$% era#!re $r alterati$% i% a h$l$/raphi" -ill thete#tat$r &!#t a!the%ti"ate the #a&e *+ hi# (!ll #i/%at!re. %2

It i# al#$ p$##i*le that a(ter the e0e"!ti$% $( a h$l$/raphi" -ill the te#tat$r &a+ ha,e a"ha%/e $( &i%' i% "$%%e"ti$% -ith #$&e $( the te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%# he &a'e i% hi# -ill. S$there are i%#ta%"e# that i%#tea' $( &a4i%/ a %e- -ill the te#tat$r &erel+ &a4e "a%"ellati$%# $ralterati$%# $r i%#erti$%# i% hi# h$l$/raphi" -ill. Th!# ($r the ,ali'it+ $( a%+ i%#erti$% "a%"ellati$%era#!re $r alterati$% i% a h$l$/raphi" -ill the te#tat$r &!#t a!the%ti"ate the #a&e -ith hi# (!ll


23/138

#i/%at!re. F!ll #i/%at!re &ea%# the (!ll $r !#!al $r "!#t$&ar+ #i/%at!re $( the te#tat$r.

The (ail!re $( the te#tat$r t$ a!the%ti"ate the i%#erti$% "a%"ellati$% era#!re $r alterati$% -ithhi# (!ll #i/%at!re -ill %$t re%'er the -h$le h$l$/raphi" -ill ,$i'. ;$-e,er i( -hat i# altere' $rera#e' -a# the 'ate $r the #i/%at!re the alterati$% -ith$!t the (!ll #i/%at!re &a4e# the -h$le

-ill ,$i' TS April > 19@62.

Art. 16. Whe% a Filipi%$ i# i% a ($rei/% "$!%tr+ he i# a!th$ri e' t$ &a4e a -ill i%a%+ ($r e#ta*li#he' *+ the la- $( the "$!%tr+ i% -hi"h he &a+ *e. S!"h -ill &a+ *e pr$*ate'i% the Philippi%e#. %2

Art. 18. The -ill $( a% alie% -h$ i# a*r$a' pr$'!"e# e((e"t i% the Philippi%e# i( &a'e -ith the($r&alitie# pre#"ri*e' *+ the la- $( the pla"e i% -hi"h he re#i'e# $r a""$r'i%/ t$ the ($r&alitie#$*#er,e' i% hi# "$!%tr+ $r i% "$%($r&it+ -ith th$#e -hi"h thi# "$'e pre#"ri*e#. %2

Art. 17. A -ill &a'e i% the Philippi%e# *+ a "iti e% $r #!*5e"t $( a%$ther "$!%tr+ -hi"h i#e0e"!te' i% a""$r'a%"e -ith the la- $( the "$!%tr+ $( -hi"h he i# a "iti e% $r #!*5e"t a%' -hi"h&i/ht *e pr$,e' a%' all$-e' *+ the la- $( hi# $-% "$!%tr+ #hall ha,e the #a&e e((e"t a# i(e0e"!te' a""$r'i%/ t$ the la-# $( the Philippi%e#. %2

NOTA BENE3

Art. 16 'eal# -ith a Filipi%$ i% a ($rei/% "$!%tr+. S!"h Filipi%$ i# a!th$ri e' t$ &a4e a -ill i%a%+ ($r e#ta*li#he' *+ the la- $( the "$!%tr+ he &a+ *e a%' #!"h -ill &a+ *e pr$*ate' i% thePhilippi%e#. It &!#t *e #tre##e' that alth$!/h a Filipi%$ -h$ i# a*r$a' i# all$-e' t$ e0e"!te' a

-ill i% a%+ $( the ($r all$-e' i% the "$!%tr+ -here he &a+ *e %e,erthele## i% the pr$*ate $(

the #ai' -ill i% the Philippi%e# it &!#t *e pr$,e' that the #ai' -ill "$&plie# -ith the i%tri%#i"re)!ire&e%t# ($r it# ,ali'it+.

N$te al#$3 That i% the a*#e%"e $( "$%trar+ pr$$( ($rei/% la-# $% the ($r&alitie# $( a -ill arepre#!&e' t$ *e the #a&e a# th$#e e0i#ti%/ i% the Philippi%e# H i"ia%$ ,. Bri&$ 6@ Phil. 872. Itha# *ee% hel' that i( there i# %$ pr$$( re/ar'i%/ the ($rei/% la- $( pr$*ate pr$"e'!re a%' %$pr$$( that the ($rei/% "$!rt that appr$,e' the -ill i# i%'ee' a pr$*ate "$!rt it -ill *e pre#!&e'that the pr$"ee'i%/# i% the &atter $( pr$*ate i% #ai' "$!rt are the #a&e a# th$#e pr$,i'e' ($r!%'er Philippi%e la-#. Te#tate E#tate $( S!%ta+ L >@ 7 J!l+ >1 196 2

Arti"le 18 'eal# -ith a% alie% -h$ i# a*r$a'. S!"h alie% &a+ &a4e a -ill i% a""$r'a%"e -iththe ($r&alitie# e0tri%#i" re)!ire&e%t# ($r ,ali'it+ $( the -ill2 pre#"ri*e' *+ the la- $(3

The pla"e $( hi# re#i'e%"e $r '$&i"ile appl+ $%l+ t$ the (ree p$rti$% $r t$ ,$l!%tar+ heir#. Other-i#e Art. =>"$!l' *e ea#il+ e&pl$+e' a# a% ea#+ -a+ t$ 'i#i%herit a "$&p!l#$r+ -ith$!t a%+ 5!#ti(ia*le"a!#e. Thi# "$%"l!#i$% -a# 'ra-% *+ i&pli"ati$% !%'er Arti"le# 916 919 9=@ a%' 9=1 $( theCi,il C$'e. Th!#3

Art. 916. A "$&p!l#$r+ heir &a+ i% "$%#e)!e%"e# $( 'i#i%herita%"e *e 'epri,e' $( hi#le/iti&e ($r "a!#e# e0pre##l+ #tate' *+ la-. a2

Wherea# Arti"le 919 pr$,i'e#3

Art. 919. The ($ll$-i%/ #hall *e #!((i"ie%t "a!#e# ($r the 'i#i%herita%"e $( "hil're% a%''e#"e%'a%t# le/iti&ate a# -ell a# ille/iti&ate3

Whe% a "hil' $r 'e#"e%'a%t ha# *ee% ($!%' /!ilt+ $( a% atte&pt a/ai%#t the li(e $( the te#tat$rhi# $r her #p$!#e 'e#"e%'a%t# $r a#"e%'a%t#7a2

NOTA BENE3

A# l$%/ a# the te#tat$r i# #till ali,e he at a%+ ti&e &a+ re,$4e hi# -ill. The heir# i%#tit!te' i% a -ill either i% their "apa"it+ a# "$&p!l#$r+ heir $r ,$l!%tar+ heir ha,e %$ ,e#te' ri/ht there$% tilla(ter the te#tat$r# 'eath. ;$-e,er pr$,i#i$%# i% a -ill -hi"h are $r'ere' t$ *e e((e"te'i&&e'iatel+ e,e% '!ri%/ the te#tat$r# li(eti&e are all ri/ht pr$,i'e' the pr$per ($r&alitie# a%'re)!i#ite# are pre#e%t *e"a!#e the+ are %$t reall+ te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%#.

UESTION3

r. Sa%t$# e0e"!te' a %$tarial -ill i% 1986 'e#i/%ati%/ hi# $%l+ *r$ther a# hi# $%l+ heir. ;e'ie' -ith$!t a%+ i##!e $% Ja%!ar+ 1#t 199 . O% De"e&*er 1 1999 hi# -ill -a# a'&itte' t$pr$*ate. Fi%al 'i#tri*!ti$% $( hi# e#tate -$rth 8 illi$% -a# &a'e t$ hi# *r$ther. O% De"e&*er1#t =@@= ariah the $%l+ #i#ter $( the #ai' 'e"e'e%t ($!%' a '$"!&e%t 'ate' De"e&*er =61997 e%tirel+ -ritte% *+ the latter e0pli"itl+ #tati%/ that he i# re,$4i%/ ($r /$$' hi# 1986 -ill.S$$% a(ter the 'i#"$,er+ $( the #ai' '$"!&e%t ariah (ile' a petiti$% i% "$!rt ($r the pr$*atethere$(.


31/138

NOTA BENE3 LI IT ?OUR ANSWER TO T;E FACTS GIVEN IN T;E PROBLE . A E NOOT;ER ASSU PTION.

A##!&i%/ that +$! are the RTC 5!'/e i% -h$#e "$!rt the petiti$% ($r pr$*ate $( the '$"!&e%t'ate' De"e&*er =6 1997 -a# ra((le' -ill +$! a'&it the #a&e t$ pr$*ate: Wh+:

Art. =9. A re,$"ati$% '$%e $!t#i'e the Philippi%e# *+ a per#$% -h$ '$e# %$t ha,e hi# '$&i"ilei% thi# "$!%tr+ i# ,ali' -he% it i# '$%e a""$r'i%/ t$ the la- $( the pla"e -here the -ill -a#&a'e $r a""$r'i%/ t$ the la- $( the pla"e i% -hi"h the te#tat$r ha' hi# '$&i"ile at the ti&e< a%'i( the re,$"ati$% ta4e# pla"e i% thi# "$!%tr+ -he% it i# i% a""$r'a%"e -ith the pr$,i#i$%# $( thi#C$'e. %2

NOTA BENE3

CONFLICT RULES FOR REVOCATION OF WILLS3

I( re,$"ati$% i# '$%e OUTSIDE the Philippi%e#3

I( te#tat$r ha# hi# '$&i"ile $!t#i'e the Philippi%e#3

F$ll$- the la- $( the "$!%tr+ -here -ill -a# &a'e< $rF$ll$- la- $( the "$!%tr+ $( '$&i"ile $( te#tat$r at the ti&e $( re,$"ati$%. I( te#tat$r ha# hi# '$&i"ile i% the Philippi%e#3

F$ll$- Philippi%e La- *e"a!#e he ha# hi# '$&i"ile here at the ti&e $( re,$"ati$%< $r

F$ll$- the /e%eral r!le $% le0 l$"i "ele*ra"i$%i# $( re,$"ati$% *+ appl+i%/ Art. 17.

I( re,$"ati$% -a# '$%e i% the Philippi%e# ($ll$- Philippi%e la- the Ci,il C$'e. Irre#pe"ti,e $(the '$&i"ile $( the te#tat$r.

Art. >@. N$ -ill #hall *e re,$4e' e0"ept i% the ($ll$-i%/ "a#e#3

B+ i&pli"ati$% $( la-< $r

B+ #$&e -ill "$'i"il $r $ther -riti%/ e0e"!te' a# pr$,i'e' i% "a#e $( -ill#< $r

B+ *!r%i%/ teari%/ "a%"eli%/ $r $*literati%/ the -ill -ith the i%te%ti$% $( re,$4i%/ it *+ thete#tat$r hiel( $r *+ #$&e $ther per#$% i% hi# pre#e%"e a%' *+ hi# e0pre## 'ire"ti$%. I(*!r%e' t$r% "a%"elle' $r $*literate' *+ #$&e $ther per#$% -ith$!t the e0pre## 'ire"ti$% $( thete#tat$r the -ill &a+ #till *e e#ta*li#he' a%' the e#tate 'i#tri*!te' i% a""$r'a%"e there-ith i( it#"$%te%t# a%' '!e e0e"!ti$% a%' the (a"t $( it# !%a!th$ri e' 'e#tr!"ti$% "a%"ellati$% $r$*literati$% are e#ta*li#he' a""$r'i%/ t$ the R!le# $( C$!rt. %2


32/138

REVOCATION B? I PLICATION OF LAW3

A re,$"ati$% $( a -ill *+ i&pli"ati$% $( la- i# that 4i%' $( re,$"ati$% pr$'!"e' *+ $perati$% $(la- -he% "ertai% a"t# $( the te#tat$r $r $""!rre%"e $( e,e%t# a(ter the e0e"!ti$% $( the -ill

re%'eri%/ ,$i' $r !#ele## either the -h$le -ill $r "ertai% te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%# therei%.Plea#e *ear i% &i%' that re,$"ati$% $( a le/a"+ $r a 'e,i#e '$e# %$t $perate t$ re,$4e thee%tire -ill. O%l+ t$tal a%' a*#$l!te re,$"ati$% $( the e%tire -ill #hall pre,e%t the pr$*ate $( there,$4e' -ill.

Re,$"ati$% $( a -ill *+ $perati$% $( la- i# all$-e' *e"a!#e there &a+ *e "ertai% "ha%/e# i%the (a&il+ $r '$&e#ti" relati$%# $r i% the #tat!# $( the pr$pert+ $( the te#tat$r #!"h a# the la-pre#!&e# a "ha%/e $( &i%' *+ the latter.

SO E INSTANCES OF REVOCATION OF A WILL OR TESATA ENTAR? DISPOSITIONST;EREIN B? OPERATION OF LAW3

I% "a#e $( #ale $( the le/a"+ $r 'e,i#e *+ the te#tat$r a(ter he e0e"!te' hi# -ill8 it -ill $""!r t$ !# that the#e arti"le# arei%"$%#i#te%t -ith ea"h $ther. Wh+ it i# that Arti"le >6 i# i%"$%#i#te%t -ith Arti"le >8: It i#*e"a!#e Arti"le >6 tell# !# that rep!*li"ati$% i# %$t p$##i*le !%le## the =%' -ill repr$'!"e# the'i#p$#iti$%# i% the 1#t -ill that i# ,$i'. Wherea# Arti"le >8 tell# !# that &ere e0e"!ti$% $( a"$'i"il re(erri%/ t$ a pre,i$!# -ill ha# the e((e"t $( rep!*li#hi%/ the -ill a# &$'i(ie' *+ the"$'i"il. Arti"le >8 '$e# %$t tell !# that the "$'i"il #h$!l' al#$ repr$'!"e the 'i#p$#iti$%# i% thepre,i$!# -ill.


35/138

Arti"le >6 a%' >8 &!#t *e re"$%"ile' -ith ea"h $ther. Th!# Arti"le >8 &!#t *e "$%#i'ere'a# the /e%eral r!le a%' arti"le >6 &!#t *e re/ar'e' a# a% e0"epti$%. I% $ther -$r'#repr$'!"ti$% i% the "$'i"il $r i% a #!*#e)!e%t -ill i# re)!ire' $%l+ -he% the $ri/i%al -ill i# ,$i' a#t$ it# ($r&< i% all $ther "a#e# re(ere%"e t$ the $ri/i%al -ill #!((i"e# t$ rep!*li#h it thr$!/h the

"$'i"il $r *+ a #!*#e)!e%t -ill. Th!# a "$'i"il $r a #!*#e)!e%t -ill &a+ rep!*li#h a%' ,ali'ate a -ill -hi"h -a# $ri/i%all+ ,$i' ($r -a%t $( te#ta&e%tar+ "apa"it+ $r $% a""$!%t $( !%'!e i%(l!e%"e!p$% the te#tat$r.

Art. >7. I( a(ter &a4i%/ a -ill the te#tat$r &a4e# a #e"$%' -ill e0pre##l+ re,$4i%/ the (ir#tthe re,$"ati$% $( the #e"$%' -ill '$e# %$t re,i,e the (ir#t -ill -hi"h "a% *e re,i,e' $%l+ *+a%$ther -ill $r "$'i"il. 7>9a2

Thi# arti"le "$,er# a "a#e -here the #e"$%' -ill e0pre##l+ re,$4e# the (ir#t -ill< the (ir#t -ill i#%$t re,i,e' *+ the re,$"ati$% $( the #e"$%' -ill !%le## #!"h re,i,al i# pr$,i'e' i% a%$ther -ill $r"$'i"il. Thi# r!le i# *a#e' $% the the$r+ that the re,$4i%/ "la!#e i% the #e"$%' -ill i# %$tte#ta&e%tar+ i% "hara"ter *!t $perate# t$ re,$4e the pri$r -ill i%#ta%ter !p$% the e0e"!ti$% $(the -ill "$%tai%i%/ it< he%"e the re,$"ati$% $( the #e"$%' -ill '$e# %$t re,i,e the (ir#t -ill -hi"hha# alrea'+ *e"$&e a %!llit+.

A""$r'i%/ t$ T$le%ti%$ the ,ali'it+ $( the pri%"iple !p$% -hi"h arti"le >7 i# *a#e' i# $pe% t$#eri$!# )!e#ti$%. The $perati$% i%#ta%ter $( the re,$"at$r+ "la!#e i# %$t 5!'i"iall+ #$!%'. There,$"at$r+ "la!#e i# al-a+# part $( the -ill #$ &!"h #$ that i( the -ill i% -hi"h it i# "$%tai%e' i#i&pr$perl+ e0e"!te' a%' "a%%$t *e pr$*ate' #!"h re,$"at$r+ "la!#e i# ,$i' a%' '$e# %$t ta4ee((e"t. I a/ree -ith T$le%ti%$ a%' I a'' that the re,$"at$r+ "la!#e i# a te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%.

Be"a!#e pr$,i#i$% i% a -ill that /i,e a-a+ a%+ $( the pr$pert+ $( the te#tat$r $r 'e%+ the #a&e(r$& a%+*$'+ i# a te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%. Th!# ($r the ,ali'it+ $( the re,$"at$r+ "la!#e the#a&e &!#t *e "$%tai%e' i% a ,ali' -ill. Th!# $%"e the re,$"at$r+ "la!#e i# re%'ere' %!ll a%',$i' a%' -ith$!t e((e"t *e"a!#e it i# pr$,i'e' i% a ,$i' -ill it ($ll$-# that it '$e# %$t $perate t$re,$4e the pri$r -ill *e"a!#e i% tr!th a%' i% (a"t the re,$"at$r+ "la!#e i# a te#ta&e%tar+'i#p$#iti$%.

NOTA BENE3

Arti"le >7 #pea4# $( e0pre## re,$"ati$%. B!t h$- a*$!t a% i&plie' re,$"ati$%. I# there #!"ha thi%/ a# i&plie' re,$"ati$% $( a -ill $r te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%:

Where there i# &erel+ i%"$%#i#te%"+ *et-ee% t-$ -ill# *!t %$ re,$4i%/ "la!#e it ha# *ee% hel'i% "$&&$% la- that !p$% the 'e#tr!"ti$% $( the #e"$%' -ill the (ir#t -ill -a# re,i,e'a!t$&ati"all+ re/ar'le## $( the i%te%ti$% $( the te#tat$r pr$,i'e' the (ir#t -ill ha# *ee%pre#er,e' !%'e#tr$+e' a%' !%"a%"elle'. Thi# r!le i# *a#e' $% the /r$!%' that -hile thei%"$%#i#te%t pr$,i#i$% $( the #e"$%' -ill "learl+ &a%i(e#t a% i%te%ti$% $% the part $( the te#tat$rt$ re,$4e the pri$r -ill +et thi# i%te%t p!rel+ te#ta&e%tar+ i% "hara"ter "a% ha,e %$ e((e"t !%til


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the 'eath $( the te#tat$r a%' i( the i%#tr!&e%t "$%tai%i%/ the i%"$%#i#te%t pr$,i#i$% i# 'e#tr$+e'*+ the te#tat$r *e($re that ti&e the re,$"at$r+ i%te%t ($r le/al p!rp$#e# #hall *e 'ee&e' t$ha,e %e,er *ee% "$%te&plate' at all *+ the te#tat$r a%' the (ir#t -ill *ei%/ !%"a%"elle' ta4e#e((e"t. T$le%ti%$ *elie,e# that the r!le $% i&plie' re,$"ati$% i# appli"ati$% i% thi# 5!ri#'i"ti$%*e"a!#e

arti"le >7 li&it# it#el( t$ "a#e# -here the #e"$%' -ill e0pre##l+ re,$4e# the (ir#t -ill< he%"e it'$e# %$t "$,er "a#e# $( i&plie' re,$"ati$%. I #!*#"ri*e' t$ the ,ie- $( T$le%ti%$.

S!*#e"ti$%

ALLOWANCE AND DISALLOWANCE OF WILLS

Pr$*ate $r All$-a%"e $( a Will. Be($re a -ill "a% ha,e ($r"e $r ,ali'it+ it &!#t *e pr$*ate'. T$pr$*ate a -ill &ea%# t$ pr$,e *e($re #$&e $((i"er $r tri*!%al ,e#te' *+ la- -ith a!th$rit+ ($rthat p!rp$#e that the i%#tr!&e%t $((ere' t$ *e pr$,e' i# the la#t -ill a%' te#ta&e%t $( the'e"ea#e' per#$% -h$#e te#ta&e%tar+ a"t it i# alle/e' t$ *e a%' that it ha# *ee% e0e"!te'atte#te' a%' p!*li#he' a# re)!ire' *+ la- a%' that the te#tat$r -a# $( #$!%' a%' 'i#p$#i%/&i%'. It i# a "i,il pr$"ee'i%/ t$ e#ta*li#h the ,ali'it+ $( the -ill.

Di#ti%"ti$% *et-ee% Re,$"ati$% a%' 'i#all$-a%"e $( a -ill3

Alth$!/h re,$"ati$% a%' 'i#all$-a%"e $( a -ill ha,e the #a&e !lti&ate e((e"t the -ill*e"$&e# i%$perati,e the+ 'i((er i% the ($ll$-i%/ re#pe"t3

. Re,$"ati$% i# a ,$l!%tar+ a"t $( the te#tat$r hiel( -herea# 'i#all$-a%"e i# *+ 5!'i"ial'e"ree . Na&el+ pr$*ate'!ri%/ the te#tat$r# li(e a%' pr$*ate a(ter hi# 'eath. I( the -ill $( the te#tat$r -a# pr$*ate' '!ri%/ hi# li(eti&e it -ill %$t pre,e%t hi& (r$& alteri%/ hi#

-ill *+ e0e"!ti%/ a%$ther -ill. The #!*#e)!e%t -ill $( "$!r#e ha# #till t$ *e pr$*ate' either'!ri%/ $r a(ter the li(eti&e $( the te#tat$r.

E,e% i( $%l+ $%e heir -a# i%#tit!te' i% the -ill t$ re"ei,e the e%tire e#tate $( the te#tat$r the -ill #h$!l' #till *e pr$*ate' a%' there &!#t *e a% $r'er $( a'5!'i"ati$% t$ *e i##!e' *+ the


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pr$*ate "$!rt.

What &a+ the "$!rt '$ i% a pr$*ate pr$"ee'i%/:

1. Or'er# the pr$*ate pr$per $( the -ill@ 19862. I% %$ "a#ei# the 5!'/&e%t "$%"l!#i,e $% &atter# #!"h a# $-%er#hip $( pr$pert+ Ca#ta%e'a ,. Ale&a%+ >Phil. =7< a"a& ,. Gat&aita% 8@ Phil. > 6@. ;$-e,er per#$%# -h$ are %either "$&p!l#$r+heir# ,$l!%tar+ heir# le/atee# %$r 'e,i#ee# "a%%$t )!e#ti$% a%+&$re the ,ali'it+ $( the $r'er$( 'i#tri*!ti$% thatha# l$%/ *e"$&e (i%al R!(i%$ C$l$&a et al. ,. Ata%a"i$ C$l$&a L 19>99 J!l+ >1 19862.

NOTA BENE3 The pr$"ee'i%/ ($r 'i#tri*!ti$% $( the pr$pert+ i# %$t i% re& a%' "a%%$t a((e"tth$#e -h$ -ere %$t per#$%all+ #er,e' -ith #!&&$%#.

DISTRIBUTION i# 'e(i%e' a# the 'i,i#i$% *+ $r'er $( the "$!rt ha,i%/ a!th$rit+ a&$!%tth$#e e%title' theret$ $( the e#tate $( a per#$% a(ter the pa+&e%t $( 'e*t# a%' "har/e#.

Art. >9. The -ill #hall *e 'i#all$-e' i% a%+ $( the ($ll$-i%/ "a#e#3

i( the ($r&alitie# re)!ire' *+ la- ha,e %$t *ee% "$&plie' -ith. The i%#tit!ti$% &!#t *e EFFECTIVE that i# there &!#t *e %$ pre'e"ea#e %$ rep!'iati$% *+the heir a%'K$r %$ i%"apa"it+ $( heir.

Art. 1. A -ill #hall *e ,ali' e,e% th$!/h it #h$!l' %$t "$%tai% a% i%#tit!ti$% $( a% heir $r #!"hi%#tit!ti$% #h$!l' %$t "$&pri#e the e%tire e#tate a%' e,e% th$!/h the per#$% #$ i%#tit!te'#h$!l' %$t a""ept the i%herita%"e $r #h$!l' *e i%"apa"itate' t$ #!""ee'.

I% #!"h "a#e# the te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%# &a'e i% a""$r'a%"e -ith la- #hall *e "$&plie' -ith a%' the re&ai%'er $( the e#tate #hall pa## t$ the le/al heir#. 78 2

NOTA BENE3 Arti"le 1 tell# !# that i( a -ill i# %$t 'e(e"ti,e #hall re&ai% ,ali' e,e% i(3 There i#%$ i%#tit!ti$% $( heir $r the i%#tit!te' heir i# /i,e% $%l+ a p$rti$% $( the e#tate $r the heiri%#tit!te' #h$!l' rep!'iate $r *e i%"apa"itate' t$ i%herit.

Plea#e %$te that a -ill i# ,ali' a%' e((e"ti,e e,e% i( the $%l+ pr$,i#i$% therei% i# ($r theapp$i%t&e%t $( a% e0e"!t$r $r the 'i#i%herita%"e $( a "$&p!l#$r+ heir.

Art. =. O%e -h$ ha# %$ "$&p!l#$r+ heir &a+ 'i#p$#e *+ -ill $( all hi# e#tate $r a%+ part $( iti% (a,$r $( a%+ per#$% ha,i%/ "apa"it+ t$ #!""ee'.

O%e -h$ ha# "$&p!l#$r+ heir# &a+ 'i#p$#e $( hi# e#tate pr$,i'e' he '$e# %$t "$%tra,e%ethe pr$,i#i$%# $( thi# C$'e -ith re/ar' t$ the le/iti&e $( the #ai' heir#. 78>a2

Arti"le = #tate# the pri%"iple $( (ree'$& $( 'i#p$#iti$% *+ -ill. ;$-e,er the e0te%t $( thi#(ree'$& 'epe%'# !p$% the e0i#te%"e 4i%' a%' %!&*er $( "$&p!l#$r+ heir#. O%e -h$ ha# %$"$&p!l#$r+ heir ha# pra"ti"all+ (!ll p$-er $( 'i#p$#iti$%< *!t $%e -ith "$&p!l#$r+ heir "a%%$t'i#re/ar' the ri/ht# $( the latter t$ their le/iti&e *e"a!#e le/iti&e i# that p$rti$% $( the e#tate $(a 'e"ea#e' per#$% re#er,e' !p$% the& *+ la-.

CO PULSOR? ;EIRS ARE T;OSE W;O SUCCEED B? FORCE OF LAW TO A CERTAIN


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PORTION OF T;E ESTATE OF T;E DECEDENT IRRESPECTIVE OF T;E WILL OFTESTATOR E CEPT IN T;OSE CASES E PRESSL? PROVIDED B? LAW. The p$rti$% t$

-hi"h the+ #!""ee' i# 4%$-% a# the le/iti&e< the re&ai%'er $( the e#tate i# "alle' (ree p$rti$%a%' &a+ *e (reel+ 'i#p$#e' $( *+ the te#tat$r a# he &a+ 'e#ire t$ a%+ per#$% -ith "apa"it+ t$#!""ee'.

EFFECT OF SPECIAL LAW ON FREEDO OF DISPOSITION B? WILL3

The r!le $% Free'$& $( Di#p$#iti$% *+ Will #et ($rth i% Arti"le = $( the Ci,il C$'e &!#t%e"e##aril+ *e &$'i(ie' i% "a#e# -hi"h are /$,er%e' *+ #pe"ial la-#.

E0a&ple $( #pe"ial la- that ta4e# pre"e'e%"e $% Arti"le =3

Se". 1@6 $( C$&&$%-ealth A"t. N$. 1 1 $ther-i#e 4%$-% a# the P!*li" La%' A"t e0pre##l+pr$,i'e#3 I( at a%+ ti&e the appli"a%t $r /ra%tee $( h$&e#tea' #ale $r lea#e $( p!*li"a/ri"!lt!ral la%' #hall 'ie *e($re the i##!a%"e $( the pate%t $r (i%al /ra%t $( the la%' $r '!ri%/the li(eti&e $( the lea#e $r -hile the appli"a%t $r /ra%tee #till ha# $*li/ati$% pe%'i%/ t$-ar'# theG$,er%&e%t i% a""$r'a%"e -ith thi# A"t he #hall *e #!""ee'e' i% hi# ri/ht# a%' $*li/ati$%#

-ith re#pe"t t$ the la%' applie' ($r $r /ra%te' $r lea#e' !%'er thi# A"t *+ hi# heir# i% la- -h$#hall *e e%title' t$ ha,e i##!e' t$ the& the pate%t $r (i%al "$%"e##i$% i( the+ #h$- that the+ha,e "$&plie' -ith the re)!ire&e%t# there($re a%' -h$ #hall *e #!*r$/ate' i% all hi# ri/ht# a%'$*li/ati$%# ($r the p!rp$#e $( thi# A"t. N$te that the pr$,i#i$% i% the P!*li" La%' A"t that theri/ht# a%' $*li/ati$%# t$ the la%' #hall pa## t$ the heir i% la- "learl+ i%'i"ate that the appli"a%t$r/ra%tee '$e# %$t ha,e a%+ ri/ht t$ 'i#p$#e $( the pr$pert+ *+ -ill i% (a,$r $( a%+ $ther per#$%.

FREEDO OF DISPOSITION B? WILL WIT; RESPECT TO T;E CORPSE OF T;ETESTATOR3

The r!le i# -ell e#ta*li#he' that the *$'+ $( the 'e"ea#e' te#tat$r -ill %$t pa## !%'er hi# -ill$r *e"$&e part $( hi# e#tate *e"a!#e the "$rp#e i# %$t pr$pert+. T$ a "ertai% e0te%t h$-e,er aper#$% i# all$-e' t$ 'i#p$#e $( hi# *$'+ $r a%+ part there$( ($r #"ie%ti(i" $r e'!"ati$%alp!rp$#e#.

Art. >. The te#tat$r #hall 'e#i/%ate the heir *+ hi# %a&e a%' #!r%a&e a%' -he% there aret-$ per#$%# ha,i%/ the #a&e %a&e# he #hall i%'i"ate #$&e "ir"!ta%"e# *+ -hi"h thei%#tit!te' heir &a+ *e 4%$-%.

E,e% th$!/h the te#tat$r &a+ ha,e $&itte' the %a&e $( the heir #h$!l' he 'e#i/%ate hi& i%#!"h &a%%er that there "a% *e %$ '$!*t a# t$ -h$ ha# *ee% i%#tit!te' the i%#tit!ti$% #hall *e


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,ali'. 77=2

Art. . A% err$r i% the %a&e #!r%a&e $r "ir"!ta%"e# $( the heir #hall %$t ,itiate thei%#tit!ti$% -he% it i# p$##i*le i% a%+ $ther &a%%er t$ 4%$- -ith "ertai%t+ the per#$% i%#tit!te'.

I( a&$%/ per#$%# ha,i%/ the #a&e %a&e# a%' #!r%a&e# there i# #i&ilarit+ $( "ir"!ta%"e#i% #!"h -a+ that e,e% -ith the !#e $( $ther pr$$( the per#$% i%#tit!te' "a%%$t *e i'e%ti(ie'a2

NOTA BENE3

The pr$,i#i$%# $( Arti"le > a%' $( the Ci,il C$'e ($ll$- the pri%"iple that i( thei%#tit!ti$% lea,e# %$ '$!*t a# t$ -h$ i# 'e#i/%ate' the -ill $( the te#tat$r &!#t *e "$&plie'

-ith< a%' ,i"e ,er#a i( the '$!*t a# t$ -h$ i# i%#tit!te' "a%%$t *e re#$l,e' the% it i# the #a&ea# i( the te#tat$r ha# %$t e0pre##e' hi# -ill.

E0a&ple# $( all$-a*le i%#tit!ti$%#3

T$ &+ '$/ trai%er &a"4+< T$ &+ *r$ther i% "a#e there i# $%l+ $%e *r$ther2< t$ &+ *r$ther# i%"a#e $( t-$ $r &$re *r$ther#< T$ the "hil're% $( &+ "la##&ate i% Gra'e I Ar&a%'$ S!lit.

E((e"t $( '$!*t $% the i%#tit!ti$% $( heir3

I% the ($ll$-i%/ a%' #i&ilar "a#e# %$ $%e i%herit# *e"a!#e there i# '$!*t a# t$ -h$ i# *ei%/i%#tit!te'3

T$ &+ "la##&ate i% Gra'e I J$#e. I( there *e t-$ J$#e#1 198@ 1@9 Phil. 1@@ 2

Plea#e al#$ %$te that the r!le i% thi# arti"le i# %$t a*#$l!te. The r!le e%!%"iate' i% Arti"le 8#h$!l' *e !%'er#t$$' a# re(erri%/ t$ heir# -h$ are $( the #a&e "la## $r 5!ri'i"al "$%'iti$% a%'$%l+ -ith re#pe"t t$ the p$rti$% $( the i%herita%"e $( -hi"h the te#tat$r "a% (reel+ 'i#p$#e.Be"a!#e a# *et-ee% t-$ heir# $%e $( -h$& i# a "$&p!l#$r+ heir a%' the $ther a ,$l!%tar+ heir

-ith$!t 'e#i/%ati$% $( heir# it i# %$t le/all+ p$##i*le t$ /i,e the& e)!al #hare# i% the e%tirei%herita%"e. The le/iti&e $( the "$&p!l#$r+ heir &!#t (ir#t *e #eparate' a%' all$tte' t$ hi&*e"a!#e the te#tat$r "a%%$t 'epri,e hi& $( it< the re&ai%'er $( the (ree p$rti$% i# -hat #hall *e'i,i'e' e)!all+ *et-ee% the t-$.

RULE IF T;E S;ARES OF SO E ;EIRS ARE DESIGNATED W;ILE T;OSE OF T;EOT;ERS ARE NOT3

I( the #hare# $( #$&e heir# are 'e#i/%ate' -hile th$#e $( the $ther# are %$t th$#e part#'e#i/%ate' #hall *e /i,e% t$ their $-%er# a%' the *ala%"e #hall *e 'i,i'e' e)!all+ a&$%/ th$#e

-h$#e #hare# are %$t 'e#i/%ate'. B!t i( the #hare# $( th$#e -h$#e p$rti$%# are 'e#i/%ate'#h$!l' "$%#!&e the e%tire e#tate th$#e -h$#e #hare# are %$t 'e#i/%ate' -ill i%herit %$thi%/.

RULE W;ERE T;ERE IS NO DESIGNATION OF S;ARES BUT T;E TESTATOR ;ASPROVIDED T;AT SPECIFIC T;INGS BE GIVEN TO EAC; ;EIR AND SUC; T;ING FORONL? A PORTION OF T;E ESTATE3

E0a&ple3

T i%#tit!te# SON a%' DAUG;TER a# hi# #$le heir#. The% i% a #eparate "la!#e i% hi# -ill he#tate# that he 'e#ire# hi# h$!#e ,al!e' at 6 illi$% t$ /$ t$ SON a%' hi# la%' #it!ate' atP$l$&$l$4 ,al!e' at 1@ t$ /$ t$ DAUG;TER. There are $ther pr$pertie# i% the e#tate.

SOLUTION3 The i%#tit!ti$% &!#t *e "$%#i'ere' a# -ith$!t 'e#i/%ati$% $( #hare# a%' theheir# #hall 'i,i'e the e#tate e)!all+ a%' the ,al!e $( the #pe"i(i" thi%/# a##i/%e' t$ ea"h *ei%/i%"l!'e' i% the a&$!%t that #h$!l' pertai% t$ ea"h.

DESIGNATION OF ALI UOT PARTS3


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I( the te#tat$r e0pre##l+ 'e#i/%ate# the #hare# $r ali)!$t part $( ea"h heir hi# -ill &!#t *e"$&plie' -ith i% #$ (ar a# it '$e# %$t ,i$late the la-. I( the ali)!$t part# 'e#i/%ate' i% the -ill#h$!l' e0"ee' the a&$!%t $( the i%herita%"e $r #h$!l' *e le## tha% #!"h i%herita%"e the#$l!ti$% -ill 'epe%' !p$% the i%te%ti$% $( the te#tat$r a%' the "ir"!ta%"e# $( ea"h "a#e.

Arti"le# 61 6= a%' 6> /$,er% #!"h "a#e#.

Art. 7. Whe% the te#tat$r i%#tit!te# #$&e heir# i%'i,i'!all+ a%' the $ther "$lle"ti,el+ a# -he% he #a+# I 'e#i/%ate a# &+ heir# A a%' B a%' the "hil're% $( C th$#e "$lle"ti,el+'e#i/%ate' #hall *e "$%#i'ere' a# i%'i,i'!all+ i%#tit!te' !%le## it "learl+ appear# that thei%te%ti$% $( the te#tat$r -a# $ther-i#e. 789a2

Plea#e %$te that i% the a*#e%"e $( a "lear i%te%ti$% $( the te#tat$r t$ the "$%trar+ it i#pre#!&e' that heir# "$lle"ti,el+ i%#tit!te' #hall *e "$%#i'ere' i%'i,i'!all+ i%#tit!te'. N$te al#$that the "$%trar+ i%te%ti$% &!#t "learl+ appear i% the -ill it#el( a%' i% "a#e there i# '$!*t $% thee0i#te%"e $( #!"h "$%trar+ i%te%ti$% the% the r!le i% Arti"le 7 &!#t *e applie'. ;e%"e th$#e"$lle"ti,el+ 'e#i/%ate' #hall *e "$%#i'ere' a# i%'i,i'!all+ i%#tit!te'.

E A PLE3 T i%#tit!te' A B a%' the #i0 82 "hil're% $( C t$ hi# e#tate $( illi$% Pe#$#.Up$% the 'eath $( T h$- '$ +$! 'i,i'e hi# e#tate:

SOLUTION3 A B a%' the #i0 82 "hil're% $( C #hall re"ei,e' 6@@ Th$!#a%' Pe#$# ea"h.Rea#$% alth$!/h "$lle"ti,el+ 'e#i/%ate' the #i0 82 "hil're% $( C #hall *e "$%#i'ere' a#i%'i,i'!all+ i%#tit!te' *e"a!#e the te#tat$r 'i' %$t pr$,i'e a "$%trar+ i%te%ti$% i% hi# -ill.

Th!# -here a te#tatri0 i%#tit!te' her h!#*a%' a# her heir a%' !p$% hi# 'eath the pr$pert+#hall pa## t$ her #i#ter# a%' %ie"e# it -a# hel' i% the "a#e $( Na*le J$#e ,#. U%#$% =7 Phil.7> that !p$% the 'eath $( the h!#*a%' the li,i%/ #i#ter# a%' the "hil're% $( 'e"ea#e' #i#ter##h$!l' ta4e per "apita a%' i% e)!al part#.

Art. . I( the te#tat$r #h$!l' i%#tit!te hi# *r

ther# a%' #i#ter# a%' he ha# #$&e $( (!ll *l$$' a%' $ther# $( hal( *l$$' the i%herita%"e #hall *e'i#tri*!te' e)!all+ !%le## a 'i((ere%t i%te%ti$% appear#. 77@a2

N$ta Be%e3 U%'er the $l' Ci,il C$'e -here the te#tat$r i%#tit!te# hi# *$ther# a%' #i#ter#a%' he ha# #$&e $( the (!ll *l$$' a%' $ther# $( hal( *l$$' the r!le $% i%te#tate #!""e##i$% -a#applie'< that i# ea"h #i#ter $r *r$ther $( (!ll *l$$' re"ei,e' t-i"e a# &!"h a# ea"h *r$ther $r#i#ter $( the hal( *l$$'. Thi# r!le i% i%te#ta"+ ($ll$-# the pre#!&e' -ill $( the te#tat$r a%' it i#a##!&e' that hi# a((e"ti$% ($r *r$ther# a%' #i#ter# $( the (!ll *l$$' i# %e"e##aril+ #tr$%/er thatthat ($r th$#e $( the hal( *l$$'.

Plea#e %$te h$-e,er that Arti"le $( the Ci,il C$'e ha' 'i#"ar'e' the r!le i% i%te#tate


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#!""e##i$% -he% the te#tat$r &a4e# a% e0pre## i%#tit!ti$% $( hi# *r$ther# a%' #i#ter# -ith$!t'e#i/%ati$% $( #hare#. Ea"h $( the *r$ther# $r #i#ter# -hether $( (!ll $r hal( *l$$' #hall #haree)!all+. The r!le %$- e%!%"iate' i% Arti"le i# *a#e' $% the pri%"iple that i( the te#tat$rreall+ ha' #tr$%/er a((e"ti$% ($r *r$ther# a%' #i#ter# $( the (!ll *l$$' tha% th$#e $( the hal( *l$$'he -$!l' ha,e &a'e a% e0pre## 'e#i/%ati$% $( #hare# &$re (a,$ra*l+ t$ the ($r&er. Si%"e he

&a'e hi# i%#tit!ti$% -ith$!t 'e#i/%ati$% $( #hare# the /e%eral pre#!&pti$% the he i%te%'# t$(a,$r the& e)!all+ &!#t pre,ail. Thi# pre#!&pti$% -ill +iel' $%l+ t$ a 'i((ere%t i%te%ti$% $( thete#tat$r -hi"h &!#t appear "learl+ i% the -ill it#el(.

Art. 9. Whe% the te#tat$r "all# t$ #!""e##i$% a per#$% a%' hi# "hil're% the+ are all 'ee&e't$ ha,e *ee% i%#tit!te' #i&!lta%e$!#l+ a%' %$t #!""e##i,el+. 7712

UESTION3 The te#tat$r pr$,i'e' i% hi# -ill a# ($ll$-#3

I here*+ i%#tit!te &+ $%l+ #$% a%' hi# "hil're% a# &+ $%l+ heir#

;$- '$ +$! 'i#tri*!te the e#tate $( the te#tat$r !p$% hi# 'eath:

ANSWER3 Di#tri*!te the %et e#tate $( the te#tat$r e)!all+ *et-ee% hi# $%l+ #$% a%' the"hil're% $( the latter. Th!# i( the %et e#tate i# 6 illi$% a%' the $%l+ #$% $( the te#tat$r ha# "hil're% the e#tate #h$!l' *e 'i,i'e' e)!all+ a&$%/ the& a%' the #$% a%' hi# "hil're% #hallre"ei,e' 1 illi$% ea"h. UESTIONABLE ANSWER2

MN$ta Be%e3 Thi# arti"le !%li4e Arti"le '$e# %$t "$%tai% a pr$,i#$ !%le## a 'i((ere%ti%te%ti$% appear#. Thi# $&i##i$% h$-e,er '$e# %$t &ea% that the r!le #tate' i% thi# arti"le i#a*#$l!te a%' a'&it# $( %$ )!ali(i"ati$%. E,e% i% the a*#e%"e $( e0pre## pr$,i#i$% i% the la- it

&!#t *e !%'er#t$$' that the r!le #tate i% thi# arti"le "a%%$t pre,ail a# a/ai%#t a "$%trar+i%te%ti$% $( the te#tat$r. The -ill $( the te#tat$r i# the #!pre&e la- i% the #!""e##i$% a%' &!#t*e $*#er,e'. That "$%trar+ i%te%ti$% h$-e,er &!#t appear i% the -ill it#el( a%' "a%%$t *e#h$-% *+ par$l $r e0tri%#i" e,i'e%"e.

The ter& #i&!lta%e$!#l+ &ea%# t$/ether at the #a&e ti&e< -herea# the ter& #!""e##i,el+&ea%# $%e a(ter the $ther.

Art. 6@. The #tate&e%t $( a (al#e "a!#e ($r the i%#tit!ti$% $( a% heir #hall *e "$%#i'ere' a#%$t -ritte% !%le## it appear# (r$& the -ill that the te#tat$r -$!l' %$t ha,e &a'e the i%#tit!ti$% i(he ha' 4%$-% the (al#it+ $( #!"h (al#e "a!#e. 787a2

NOTA BENE3 Be($re the i%#tit!ti$% $( heir# &a+ *e a%%!lle' *+ rea#$% $( a (al#e "a!#e the($ll$-i%/ re)!i#ite# &!#t "$%"!r3

1. The "a!#e ($r the i%#tit!ti$% $( heir# &!#t *e #tate' i% the -ill


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=. The "a!#e &!#t *e #h$-% t$ *e (al#e1 SCRA 76 2

REASON W;? T;E CAUSE OF FALSIT? OF T;E CAUSE OF INSTITUTION UST APPEARON T;E FACE OF T;E WILL ITSELF TO RENDER T;E INSTITUTION VOID.

The real "a!#e $r "$%#i'erati$% i% the i%#tit!ti$% $( heir# i% te#ta&e%tar+ #!""e##i$% i# theGENEROSIT? $( the te#tat$r *e"a!#e the te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$% i% (a,$r $( the i%#tit!te' heiri# a /rat!it$!# a"t. Th!# i( the (al#e "a!#e that &$,e' the te#tat$r t$ &a4e the te#ta&e%tar+'i#p$#iti$% t$ the i%#tit!te' heir '$e# %$t appear $% the (a"e $( the -ill the te#ta&e%tar+'i#p$#iti$% i# ,ali' *e"a!#e the real "a!#e $r "$%#i'erati$% i# the /e%er$#it+ $( the te#tat$r t$the i%#tit!te' heir. ;$-e,er i( the (al#it+ $( the "a!#e that &$,e' the te#tat$r t$ &a4e thete#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$% i% (a,$r $( the i%#tit!te' heir appear# $% the (a"e $( the -ill it "a%%$t*e #ai' that the real "a!#e $r "$%#i'erati$% i# the /e%er$#it+ $( the te#tat$r *!t the (al#e "a!#eit#el(. Th!# ($r #!"h te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$% t$ *e i%e((e"ti,e the (al#it+ $( the "a!#e ($r thei%#tit!ti$% &!#t appear $% the (a"e $( the -ill.

Where it appear $% the (a"e $( the -ill that the te#tat$r -$!l' %$t ha,e &a'e the i%#tit!ti$% i(he ha' 4%$-% $( the (al#it+ $( the "a!#e he ha' #tate' the% the i%#tit!ti$% i# a,$i'e' *+ the(al#it+ $( the "a!#e. Th!# -here the te#tat$r &a4e the ($ll$-i%/ te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$% a#($ll$-#3

I *e)!eath t$ Pe'r$ P1@@ @@@.@@ *e"a!#e he #a,e' &+ #$%# li(e *!t the% it t!r%e' $!t that it

-a# %$t Pe'r$ -h$ #a,e' the li(e $( hi# #$%.

It i# "lear (r$& the e0a&ple /i,e% a*$,e that the "$%#i'erati$% $r "a!#e that i&pelle' thete#tat$r t$ i%#tit!te Pe'r$ i# %$t hi# /e%er$#it+ *!t a &i#ta4e $( (a"t i% *elie,i%/ that it -a# Pe'r$

-h$ #a,e' the li(e $( hi# #$%. Thi# (a"t *ei%/ (al#e the i%#tit!ti$% i# -ith$!t real "a!#e a%' i#there($re ,$i'.

Plea#e 4%$- a%' !%'er#ta%' the "a#e $( A!#tria et al. ,. ;$%. A%'re# Re+e# >1 Phil. 76 .

NOTA BENE3 The e((e"t# $( i%#tit!ti$% *a#e' $% a% ille/al $r i&&$ral "a!#e #hall *e'i#"!##e' i% Art. 7>.

Art. 61. I( the te#tat$r ha# i%#tit!te' $%l+ $%e heir a%' the i%#tit!ti$% i# li&ite' t$ a% ali)!$tpart $( the i%herita%"e le/al #!""e##i$% ta4e# pla"e -ith re#pe"t t$ the re&ai%'er $( the e#tate.

The #a&e r!le applie# i( the te#tat$r i%#tit!te' #e,eral heir# ea"h *ei%/ li&ite' t$ a% ali)!$tpart a%' all the part# '$ %$t "$,er the -h$le i%herita%"e. %2


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Thi# i# #el( e0pla%at$r+.

Art. 6=. I( it -a# the i%te%ti$% $( the te#tat$r that the i%#tit!te' heir# #h$!l' *e"$&e #$leheir# $( the -h$le e#tate $r the -h$le (ree p$rti$% a# the "a#e &a+ *e a%' ea"h $( the& ha'

*ee% i%#tit!te' t$ a% ali)!$t part $( the i%herita%"e a%' their ali)!$t part# t$/ether '$ %$t "$,erthe -h$le i%herita%"e $r the -h$le (ree p$rti$% ea"h part #hall *e i%"rea#e' pr$p$rti$%all+. %2

N$ta Be%e3 I( the ali)!$t part# $( the i%#tit!te' heir -he% ta4e% t$/ether '$e# %$t "$,er the -h$le e#tate $r the -h$le (ree p$rti$% a# the "a#e &a+ *e #hall $%l+ *e i%"rea#e'pr$p$rti$%atel+ i( the i%te%ti$% $( the te#tat$r that the i%#tit!te' heir# #h$!l' *e"$&e #$le heir#$( the -h$le e#tate $r the (ree p$rti$% appear# $% the -ill it#el(.

E0a&ple#3

I here*+ i%#tit!te &+ (rie%'# A B a%' C t$ *e &+ heir# A t$ re"ei,e' $( &+ e#tate B a%' C1K there$(. ;ere the e%tire e#tate -a# %$t "$,ere' *+ the te#ta&e%tar+ 'i#p$#iti$%. ;$-e,er%$ pr$p$rti$%al i%"rea#e &a+ *e &a'e $% the #hare# $( the i%#tit!te' heir# *e"a!#e it '$e# %$tappear (r$& the (a"e $( the -ill that the te#tat$r i%te%'e' the& t$ *e hi# #$le heir#.

B!t i( the te#tat$r #tate' i% hi# -ill3 I here*+ i%#tit!te &+ (rie%'# A B a%' C a# &+ $%l+ heir# At$ re"ei,e' $( &+ e#tate B a%' C 1K there$(. ;ere the ali)!$t part# $( the hair# #hall *ei%"rea#e' pr$p$rti$%atel+. Th!# i( the e#tate i# -$rth P1@@ @@@.@@ Ea"h heir -ill (ir#t /et P=6@@@.@@ ea"h a%' the+ -ill al#$ #hare $% e)!al pr$p$rti$% $% the re&ai%i%/ P=6 @@@.@@. Th!#i% the la#t a%al+#i# ea"h $( the& #hall /et 1K> $( the e%tire e#tate i%#tea' $( $%l+ .

Art. 6>. I( ea"h $( the i%#tit!te' heir ha# *ee% /i,e% a% ali)!$t part $( the i%herita%"e a%'the part t$/ether e0"ee'# the -h$le i%herita%"e $r the -h$le (ree p$rti$% a# the "a#e &a+ *eea"h part #hall *e re'!"e' pr$p$rti$%all+. %2

Ill!#trati$% $( the arti"le3

The te#tat$r i%#tit!te# the ($ll$-i%/ a# hi# heir# e%titli%/ ea"h $( the& t$ a% ali)!$t part $( hi#e#tate -$rth P1=@ @@@.@@ a# ($ll$-#3

A 1K=< B < C < a%' D 1K $( the e%tire e#tate. There i# a% e0"e## $( 1K $( the e%tiree#tate -hi"h i# i% the a&$!%t $( P16 @@@.@@.

SOLUTION3

1ST 'eter&i%e the a&$!%t '!e t$ the ea"h heir $% the *a#i# $( the ali)!$t part /i,e% t$ the&!%'er the -ill3 th!#3


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;OW ABOUT T;E SPOUSE LEFT OUT IN T;E WILL IS T;ERE PRETERITION IN SUC;CASE:

There "a% *e %$ preteriti$% $( a #p$!#e *e"a!#e the #ai' heir alth$!/h a "$&p!l#$r+ heir i#

%$t a "$&p!l#$r+ heir i% the 'ire"t li%e:

;OW ABOUT AN ADOPTED C;ILD LEFT OUT IN T;E WILL. IS T;ERE PRETERITION INSUC; CASE:

DEFINITION OF PRETERITION3

Preteriti$% $r preter&i##i$% i# the $&i##i$% -hether i%te%ti$%al $r %$t $( a "$&p!l#$r+ heir i%the i%herita%"e $( a per#$%.

RE UISITES FOR PRETERITION3

A. There i# TOTAL $&i##i$% i% the i%herita%"e 19 @2. J.B.L. Re+e# Pr$(#. Ri"ar'$ P!%$ Ca/!i$a a%' the late Je## Pare'e# Jr.


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#!*#"ri*e t$ thi# ,ie-.

A""$r'i%/ t$ a%re#a T$le%ti%$ Pa'illa a%' Para# $%e 'e/ree &ea%# $%e 'e/ree relati$%#hip*+ *l$$'

6th Re)!i#ite3 B$th the Fir#t ;eir a%' the Se"$%' ;eir# !#t Be Ali,e $r at Lea#t C$%"ei,e'2 atthe ti&e $( the Death $( the Te#tat$r3

Be #!re t$ 4%$- Pere ,#. Gar"hit$re%a 6 Phil >1 ($r a *etter !%'er#ta%'i%/ $(Fi'ei"$&&i##ar+ S!*#tit!ti$%3

Art. 8 . A (i'ei"$&&i##ar+ #!*#tit!ti$% "a% %e,er *!r'e% the le/iti&e. 7 =2

Art. 86. E,er+ (i'ei"$&&i##ar+ #!*#tit!ti$% &!#t *e e0pre##l+ &a'e i% $r'er that it &a+ *e,ali'.

The (i'!"iar+ #hall *e $*li/e' t$ 'eli,er the i%herita%"e t$ the #e"$%' heir -ith$!t $ther'e'!"ti$%# tha% th$#e -hi"h ari#e (r$& le/iti&ate e0pe%#e# "re'it# a%' i&pr$,e&e%t# #a,ethe "a#e -here the te#tat$r ha# pr$,i'e' $ther-i#e. 7 >2

N$ta Be%e3 T$ *e e0pre## the -$r'# (i'ei"$&&i##ar+ #!*#tit!ti$% %ee' %$t *e !#e' *+ thete#tat$r< it i# #!((i"ie%t that there *e the a*#$l!te $*li/ati$% i&p$#e' *+ the te#tat$r t$ the 1#their $( 'eli,eri%/ a%' there($re pre#er,i%/ the pr$pert+2 t$ the =%' heir. O% the $ther ha%' 5!#t*e"a!#e the -$r' (i'ei"$&&i##ar+ #!*#tit!ti$% -a# !#e' *+ the te#tat$r it '$e# %$t %e"e##aril+

&ea% that it ta4e# e((e"t a(ter all the $ther e##e%tial re)!i#ite# &a+ *e a*#e%t.

I% the a*#e%"e $( peri$' (i0e' *+ the te#tat$r the i%herita%"e &!#t *e 'eli,ere' at 'eath $(the (ir#t heir.

De'!"ti$%# t$ *e &a'e i% "a#e $( tra%#&ittal $( the pr$pert+ t$ the =%' heir3

1. Le/iti&ate E0pe%#e# #!"h a# %e"e##ar+ repair# ($r the pre#er,ati$% $( the pr$pert+< a%'the i%"rea#e i% ,al!e $""a#i$%e' *+ !#e(!l i&pr$,e&e%t#. N$te3 The a"t!al e0pe%#e# ($r !#e(!li&pr$,e&e%t# are %$t rei&*!r#a*le2 E0a&ple $( !#e(!l i&pr$,e&e%t# i#3 a h$!#e a (e%"e.Other le/iti&ate e0pe%#e# i%"l!'e th$#e #pe%t t$ 'e(e%' the pr$pert+ (r$& !#!rpati$% *+ $ther#.E0pe%#e# ($r l!0!r+ are %$t t$ *e rei&*!r#e'.

=. Le/iti&ate "re'it#.

>. Le/iti&ate I&pr$,e&e%t#.


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Up$% &+ 'eath &+ h$!#e a%' l$t at F$r*e# Par4 #hall /$ t$ &+ (rie%' A. ;e #hall pre#er,e a%'h$l' the pr$pert+ ($r a peri$' $( te% +ear# a(ter &+ 'eath a%' -ithi% that peri$' he "a%%$talie%ate $r e%"!&*er the #a&e *e"a!#e a(ter the lap#e $( the #ai' peri$' he #hall tra%#(er the$-%er#hip $( the #ai' pr$pert+ t$ hi# #$% B. B h$-e,er "a%%$t #ell the pr$pert+ ($r a peri$' $(a%$ther te% +ear (r$& a")!i#iti$% $( $-%er#hip there$( *e"a!#e a(ter the #ai' peri$' he #hall *e

$*li/e' t$ tra%#(er the $-%er#hip there$( t$ hi# $-% #$% . ;ere alth$!/h the pr$hi*iti$% t$alie%ate the pr$pert+ i# te&p$rar+ *!t *e"a!#e the pr$hi*iti$% /$e# *e+$%' the li&it (i0e' i%arti"le 8> the pr$hi*iti$% i&p$#e' a/ai%#t B *+ th

lecture of judge antonio c lubao

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