Lecture Title

Lecturer Nameyear

Subject NameCode

1. Research purpose

Outline

• Definition of research purpose

• Importance of research purpose

• Qualities of specific purpose

Definition and importance

• It is a description of what is to be achieved by

the study.

• It summarizes the overall study goal

• It identifies the key study variables and their

possible interrelationships, as well as

identifies the the study group or population.

Qualities of Research purposes

Research purpose should be SMART:

• Specific: Addressing one thing only

• Measurable: Use proper verbs (Determine, compare, Identify, evaluate, demonstrate , describe)

• Attainable: given the resources available

• Realistic: given the local conditions

• Time bound: can be achieved in the given time

Examples

- The purpose of this study is to determine the factors

associated with increased number of diarrhea cases

among under fives in X village

- The purpose of this study was to determine whether

viewing a video of an actual pediatric inhalation

induction would reduce the level of parental anxiety

Outline

• Definition and types of variables

• Research questions

• Research hypothesis

2. Research Hypothesis & questions

7

Variables

• Variable is “any possession of a person, thing,

event, setting, and so on that is not fixed.”

• Types

1. Independent Variable

(presumed cause)

2. Dependent Variable

(presumed effect)

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Variables

–The Independent Variable: This Is The

Variable That Determines, Influences, Or

Produces The Change In The Other Main

Variable

–The Dependent variable: This variable is

dependent on or influenced by th4e

independent variable(s)

Research question definition

• It is an interrogative statement that direct

interpretations of research purpose.

• It is the specific inquiry researchers want to

answer in addressing the research problem.

1. F – Feasible2. I – Interesting3. N – Novel4. E – Ethical5. R – Relevant

Using FINER, you should be able identify or frame an actual research question.

Qualities of a Good Question

Types of questions

Types of Questions

Descriptive questions

Correlationquestions

Descriptive research questions

• Focused on describing characteristics of a population.

Examples:• What is the main factor for social media

addiction among teenagers?• What percentage of women breastfeed their

infants?

Correlation research question

• Focused on asking questions about

relationships between variables

• Normally looks at associative statistics

Examples:

• Are teenagers who spend more time on social

media spending less time on studies?

Research hypothesis

Definition of Hypothesis

• It is a prediction about the relationship

between two or more variables

• It is a declarative statements

Remember…you are always testing to see

if the Independent Variable has an effect

on the Dependent Variable.

Types of Hypotheses

Alternative hypotheses

Null hypotheses

are statements of expected relationships between variables

Types of Hypotheses

Null hypotheses (statistical hypotheses)

They state that there is no relationship

between the independent and dependent

variables.

For examples, patients’ age is unrelated to

their risk of falling

Types of Hypotheses

Alternative hypotheses (research hypotheses)

They are statements of expected relationships

between variables

Ex. Younger patients tend to be less at risk of a fall

than older patients

The risk of falling increases with the age of the

patient

Characteristics of a good hypothesis

1. Testable

2. Logical

3. Hypotheses should be expressed in the

present tense.

4. States relationship between variables

A hypothesis is composed of an independent variable

(cause) and a dependent variable (effect)

Examples of research study

• The research title

The effect of using simulation based learning

versus traditional learning on nursing students'

clinical performance of respiratory system

assessment

Examples of research study

• The research purpose

This study aimed to compare the effect of using

simulation based learning versus traditional

learning on nursing students' clinical

performance regarding respiratory system

assessment.

Examples of research study

• Research hypotheses

1. Students who attend simulation based learning

exhibit a higher score in knowledge test than those

who attend traditional learning.

2. Students who attend simulation based learning

exhibit a higher performance score of respiratory

assessment than those who attend traditional

learning.