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EL102 (Communicative English) LECTURE 8 (REVIEW)

Content

Present Simple and Present Continuous tense

Past Simple and Past Continuous tense

Past Simple and Present Perfect tense

Form

Present SimplePresent ContinuousInfinitive (3rd person singular: infinitive + 's')Form of 'be' and verb + ingAffirmative formIYouWe write a letter to friends.TheyHe/She/It reads a comic book.I am playing cards.He/She/It is riding a horse. YouWe are studying hard.They

Negative formIYouWe dont play basketball.TheyHe/She/It doesnt run fast. I am not going to the cinema.He/She/It isnt walking a lot.YouWe arent playing volleyball.TheyInterrogative form I youDo we read a lot? they Does he/she/it wear jeans?Am I cleaning the house?Is he/she/it washing the car? you Are we playing tennis? they

Exceptions

After -o, -ch, -sh or -s, add es.Example: do - he does, wash - she washesAfter a consonant, the final consonant y becomes -ie. (but: not after a vowel)Example: worry - he worries but: play - he playsSilent -e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee)Example: come - coming but: agree - agreeing After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled.Example: sit sittingfinal -ie becomes y.Example: lie lying

Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present:be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, wantExample: I have a house with a big garden. He knows my father.

Use

Present SimplePresent Continuousin general (regularly, often, never)- How often does Colin play football?He plays every Tuesday.present actions happening one after anotherFirst Colin plays football, then he watches TV.right nowLook! Colin is playing football now.also for several actions happening at the same timeColin is playing football and Anne is watching.

Present SimplePresent Continuous action set by a timetable or schedule- What time does the film start?- It starts at 8 pm.arrangement for the near future- Where are you doing tonight?- I am going to the cinema.daily routine- Where does Bob work?- He works in a restaurant.only for a limited period of time (does not have to happen directly at the moment of speaking)Jenny is working in a restaurant this week.

Pair work: Complete and act out the conversation.

Rosanna: Hi, John. Nice to see you. What ___________ (do) these days?

John: Hi, Rosanna. I ______________ (work) in a hotel near the beach. I __________ (like) it a lot because it's so interesting. And you? _________________(still study) French at the college?

Rosanna: Yes. I _____________(not like) it very much because we have to work too much.

are you doing

am working

like

Are you still studying

dont like

But one good thing is that I _________ (write) to a French boy who lives in Marseilles. It helps with my French. _____________ (go) to work now?

John: No, I ______________ (go) to the supermarket to do some shopping. Do you want to come with me?

Rosanna: I can't, sorry. I _____________(go) to a cafe to meet my friend Melissa. She ____________(help) me with my thesis. I will telephone you tomorrow.

John: OK, speak to you tomorrow. Bye.

am writing

Are you going

am going

am going

is helping

Simple Present or Present Continuous?

I _________ (live) in London.

This weekend, I ___________ (visit) my friends in Brighton.

The train to Brighton ___________ (leave) London at 6.45 in the morning.

In the early afternoon, we _________ (want) to go on a sightseeing tour.

In the evening, we ___________ (go) to a concert.

The concert ____________ (start) at 8 o'clock.

I _____________ (come) back to London on Sunday.

My train ____________ (arrive) in London at 7.50 in the evening.

live

am visiting

leaves

want

are going

starts

am coming

arrives

When to use which tense?

For present actions happening one after another, we use _____

For actions happening while speaking, we use _______

For arrangements for the near future, we use ______

For actions set by a schedule or timetable, we use _______

Which tense do you have to use with the following time words: sometimes, never, every day? _______

Which tense do you have to use with the following signal words: Listen!, at the moment, right now? _______

PST

PCT

PCT

PST

PST

PCT

Form

Past Simple TensePast Continuous Tenseirregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbspast form of 'be' + ing form of verbAffirmative formI He/She/It You spoke English well.WeTheyI He/She/It was You speaking We were English.They

Negative formIHe/She/It You didnt study Russian.WeTheyI He/She/It wasntYou speaking We werent English.TheyInterrogative form I he/she/itDid you read a comic we book? they I Was he/she/it you playingWere we football? they

Exceptions when adding 'ed' :when the final letter is -e, only add -d. Example: love lovedafter a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: admit - admittedExceptions when adding 'ing' : silent -e is dropped (but: does not apply for -ee) Example: make - making but: agree - agreeing after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: sit - sitting

Exceptions

after a consonant, final -y becomes -i. (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - he worried but: play - he playedfinal -l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) Example: travel-travellingIrregular verbs:cut-cuthit-hitcost-costwrite-wrotespeak-spokebreak-brokego-wenteat-ateleave-leftrun-ranget-gotsing-sang

Use

Past SimplePast Continuousafter another She came home, switched on the computer and checked her e-mails.new action in the past My mobile rang (when I was sitting in a meeting.)at the same time Simon was playing on the computer while his brother was watching TV.action already in progress While I was sitting in a meeting, (my mobile suddenly rang.)

past completed actionColin played football yesterday.at a certain time in the pastYesterday at six o'clock, Colin was playing football.Adverbs used in past tensesfirstthenthree days agolast week/semesteryesterdayin 1995whenwhileas long asat this time yesterdayat that moment last month

Examples:

Hi, Roman! What were you doing at this time yesterday?

Hi, Jenny. I was studying for my exam.

When did you finish your project?

Oh, I finished it three days ago.

When was your mother born?

She was born in 1956.

Hey, what were you doing while your mother was cooking yesterday evening?

Well, I was helping her in the kitchen.

Describe the picture using past simple and past continuous

Complete and practice the conversation. (Simple Past or Past Continuous)

A: What _______________ (do / you) yesterday at 8 pm?

B: I ______________ (sit) in the pub with Sam. Why?

A: I ________________ (drive) to the sports center at that time to play squash with a few friends. As we __________ (be) only three players, I __________(try) to ring you to ask if you would like to come as well. But I ______________ (reach / not) you at home.

B: Why _____________ (ring / not / you) my mobile?

A: I actually _____________ (want) to ring your mobile, but by accident I __________ (dial) William's number. He _____________(do / not) anything special at that moment and really _______(like) the idea of playing squash with us.

tried

was sitting

was driving

were

dialed

didnt reach

did you not ring

wanted

were you doing

wasnt doing

liked

Past Simple or Past Continuous?

When I _________(get) up yesterday, the sun ____________ (shine). It ________(be) a beautiful morning. So I __________(decide) to cycle around a little. I ___________ (go) to the shed and __________(take) out my bike. While I ____________(cycle) past some villages, I ____________(see) some people in their gardens. One man _____________ (mow) the grass while his wife ______________ (pick) strawberries. After one hour of cycling in sunshine, a big fat raincloud suddenly ________ (appear) and it _________ (start) to rain. Luckily, a farmer ____________ (notice) me and __________ (tell) me to come in. While it ______________ (rain) outside, I ______________ (sit) in the farmer's house. After a while, the sun __________ (come) out again.

got

was

decided

went

was shining

took

was cycling

was seeing

was picking

appeared

started

noticed

told

was sitting

was raining

came

was mowing

Past SimplePast ContinuousS+V-ed+OS+was/were+V-ing+OS+didnt+V+OS+wasnt/werent+V-ing+O.(q/w)Did+S+V+O?(q/w)Was/Were+S+V-ing+O?past completed actionaction happened at a certain time in the pastaction after another actions happened at the same time new action in the past action already in progress

Simple Past

vs.

Present Perfect

When do we use each tense in English?

Present Perfect tense

Form: have / has + past participle

Affirmative:I have heard this song before.

She has heard this song before.

Interrogative:Have you heard this song before?

Has she heard this song before?

Negative:I havent heard this song before.

She hasnt heard this song before.

Remember:

Grammar has meaning!

Different grammar tenses are used in different situations or contexts and they carry different meanings.

For example

Use the simple past for action that happened in the past and is:

over, done, finished!

Use the present perfect for action that started in the past, but . . .

is still true

today.

The simple past always refers to an action or situation that is finished.

The present perfect connects the past and the present. It is used to show that an action or situation in the past:

-continues today, OR

-might happen again

Use the simple past with time words like:

yesterday

last Saturday, week, month, year, etc.

_______ ago

when I was

in 1990 (past date)

Use the present perfect with time words like:

recently/lately

since

so far this

week, month, year, etc.

Additional notes about present perfect:

We often use present perfect to say that something happened sooner than expected.

Example:

Jan: Dont forget to mail that letter.

Tom: Ive already mailed it.

We often use present perfect to express personal experiences, there is not a definite time given. The time expressions ever and never are very often used with this meaning.

Example:

I have never been to Japan.

Have you ever been there?

Practice!

Do these exercises with your class.

Choose the simple past or present perfect

and talk about why each is necessary.

When I was a child, I ________ (swim) a lot.

So far this week, we _________ (study) a lot.

Theo __________ (be) very sick recently.

I _________ (have) a terrible headache yesterday.

It ________ (rain) a lot lately. swim

They _______ (get) married ten years ago.

I ________ (go) to Balboa Park many times.

My family ________ (take) a vacation last year.

swam

have studied

has been

had

has rained

got

have gone

took

-Have you ever(enjoy,see,stay in,visit,go on,experience)?- - When ?-

great museums

traditional food

beachfront hotels

guided tours

stunning wildlife

rich history

Practice

Peter(play)football yesterday.

They (clean) the car. It looks new again.

Last year we(go)to Italy.

John and Peggy(just/read)the book. Now they can watch the film.

I(meet)my friend two days ago.

We (never/visit)another country before.

She(buy)a new car in 2011.

I'm sorry, but I(forget)my homework.

(win)the game of chess?

The girls (not/eat)their lunch yet.

Present Simple Tense is use for daily routines, habits or repeatedactions and permanent states.Present Continuous Tense is use for actions happening whilespeaking and arrangements for the near future. Past Simple Tense is use for past completed action and actionhappened after another.Past Continuous Tenseis used for actions happened at the same timeor at a certain time in the past. Present perfectis used to talk about situations and events that took place at indefinite time in the past.