lecture_8(3g)
TRANSCRIPT
Network Architecture and Design 1
Wireless & Mobile Systems
3G
Network Architecture and Design 2
World Telecom Statistics
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200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Landline Subs
Mobile Subs
(mil
lio
ns
)
Crossoverhas happened
May 2002 !
Network Architecture and Design 3
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Cellular Mobile Telephony Frequency modulation Antenna diversity Cellular concept
Bell Labs (1957 & 1960) Frequency reuse
typically every 7 cells Handoff as caller moves Sectors improve reuse
every 3 cells possible
Network Architecture and Design 4
First Generation Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
US trials 1978; deployed in Japan (’79) & US (’83) 800 MHz band – two 20 MHz bands TIA-553 Still widely used in US and many parts of the world
Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) Sweden, Norway, Demark & Finland Launched 1981; now largely retired 450 MHz; later at 900 MHz (NMT900)
Total Access Communications System (TACS) British design; similar to AMPS; deployed 1985 Some TACS-900 systems still in use in Europe
Network Architecture and Design 5
Second Generation – 2G Digital systems Leverage technology to increase capacity
Speech compression; digital signal processing Utilize/extend “Intelligent Network” concepts Improve fraud prevention Add new services There are a wide diversity of 2G systems
IS-54/ IS-136 North American TDMA; PDC (Japan) iDEN DECT and PHS IS-95 CDMA (cdmaOne) GSM
Network Architecture and Design 6
GSM « Groupe Special Mobile », later changed to
« Global System for Mobile » joint European effort beginning in 1982 focus on seamless roaming across Europe
Services launched 1991 time division multiple access (8 users per 200KHz) 900 MHz band; later extended to 1800MHz added 1900 MHz (US PCS bands)
GSM is dominant world standard today well defined interfaces; many competitors network effect (Metcalfe’s law) took hold in late 1990s tri-band GSM phone can roam the world today
Network Architecture and Design 7
Distribution of GSM Subscribers
GSM is used by 70% of subscribers worldwide 564 M subs / 800 M subs in July 2001
Most GSM deployments in Europe (59%) and Asia (33%) ATT & Cingular deploying GSM in US today
Number of subscribersin the world (Jul 2001)
GSM71%
US TDMA10%
CDMA12%
PDC7%
Source: EMC World Cellular / GSM Association
Network Architecture and Design 8
1G – Separate Frequencies
30 KHz
30 KHz
30 KHz
30 KHz
30 KHz
30 KHz
30 KHz
30 KHzFre
qu
ency
FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access
Network Architecture and Design 9
2G – TDMA –Time Division Multiple Access
Fre
qu
ency
Time
200 KHz
200 KHz
200 KHz
200 KHz
One timeslot = 0.577 ms One TDMA frame = 8 timeslots
Network Architecture and Design 10
2G & 3G – CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access Spread spectrum modulation
originally developed for the military resists jamming and many kinds of interference coded modulation hidden from those w/o the code
All users share same (large) block of spectrum one for one frequency reuse soft handoffs possible
Almost all accepted 3G radio standards are based on CDMA CDMA2000, W-CDMA and TD-SCDMA
Network Architecture and Design 11
Multi-Access Radio Techniques
Courtesy of Petri Possi, UMTS World
Network Architecture and Design 12
Courtesy of Suresh Goyal & Rich Howard
Network Architecture and Design 13
Courtesy of Suresh Goyal & Rich Howard
Network Architecture and Design 14
Courtesy of Suresh Goyal & Rich Howard
Network Architecture and Design 15
Courtesy of Suresh Goyal & Rich Howard
Network Architecture and Design 16
3G Vision Universal global roaming Multimedia (voice, data & video) Increased data rates
384 Kbps while moving 2 Mbps when stationary at specific locations
Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient) IP architecture Problems
No killer application for wireless data as yet Vendor-driven
Network Architecture and Design 17
International Standardization
ITU (International Telecommunication Union) radio standards and spectrum
IMT-2000 ITU’s umbrella name for 3G which stands for International Mobile
Telecommunications 2000 National and regional standards bodies are collaborating in 3G
partnership projects ARIB, TIA, TTA, TTC, CWTS. T1, ETSI - refer to reference slides
at the end for names and links 3G Partnership Projects (3GPP & 3GPP2)
focused on evolution of access and core networks
Network Architecture and Design 18
IMT-2000 Vision IncludesLAN, WAN and Satellite Services
Satellite
MacrocellMicrocell
UrbanIn-Building
Picocell
Global
Suburban
Basic TerminalPDA Terminal
Audio/Visual Terminal
Network Architecture and Design 19
CDMA
GSM
TDMA
PHS (IP-Based)
64 Kbps
GPRS
115 Kbps
CDMA 1xRTT
144 Kbps
EDGE
384 Kbps
cdma20001X-EV-DV
Over 2.4 Mbps
W-CDMA (UMTS)
Up to 2 Mbps
2G2.5G
2.75G 3G
1992 - 2000+2001+
2003+
1G
1984 - 1996+
2003 - 2004+
TACS
NMT
AMPS
GSM/GPRS
(Overlay) 115 Kbps
9.6 Kbps
9.6 Kbps
14.4 Kbps/ 64 Kbps
9.6 Kbps
PDC
Analog Voice
Digital Voice
Packet Data
IntermediateMultimedia
Multimedia
PHS
TD-SCDMA
2 Mbps?
9.6 Kbps
iDEN
(Overlay)
iDEN
Source: U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray
Migration To 3G
Network Architecture and Design 20
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BSC Base Station Controller
Typical 2G Architecture
MSC Mobile Switching Center
VLR Visitor Location Register
HLR Home Location Register
BTS
BSCMSC/VLR
HLRBSC
GMSC
CO
BSC
BSCMSC/VLR
CO
PSTN
PLMN
CO
Tandem Tandem
SMS-SC
PSDN
Network Architecture and Design 21
MSCHLR
Network Planes Like PSTN, 2G mobile networks have one plane for voice
circuits and another plane for signaling Some elements reside only in the signaling plane
HLR, VLR, SMS Center, …
MSCVLR
Transport Plane (Voice)
Signaling Plane (SS7)MSC
SMS-SC
Network Architecture and Design 22
PSTN-to-Mobile Call
(STP)
(SCP)
PSTNPLMN
(SSP)(SSP)BSSMS
PLMN(Home)(Visitor)
(STP)
HLR
GMSC
(SSP)
VMSC
VLR
IAM
6
2
Where is the subscriber?
5Routing Info
3Provide Roaming
4
SCP
1
IAM
514 581 ...
ISUP
MAP/ IS41 (over TCAP)
Signalingover SS7
Network Architecture and Design 23
BSS Base Station System
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BSC Base Station Controller
MS Mobile Station
NSS Network Sub-System
MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller
VLR Visitor Location Register
HLR Home Location Register
AuC Authentication Server
GMSC Gateway MSC
GSM 2G Architecture
SS7BTS
BSCMSC
VLR
HLRAuC
GMSC
BSS
PSTN
NSS
AE
CD
PSTNAbis
B
H
MS
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
Network Architecture and Design 24
GPRS - 2.5G for GSM
General packet radio service first introduction of packet technology
Aggregate radio channels support higher data rates (115 Kbps) subject to channel availability
Share aggregate channels among multiple users All new IP-based data infrastructure No changes to voice network
Network Architecture and Design 25
2.5G / 3G Adds IP DataNo changes for Voice Calls
2G Network Layout
Mobile Switching Center
NetworkManagement
(HLR)
Out to another MSC or Fixed Network (PSTN/ISDN)
2.5G/2.75G Network Layout
Mobile Switching Center
NetworkManagement
(HLR)
Out to another MSC or Fixed Network (PSTN/ISDN)
IP GatewayInternet(TCP/IP)
3G Network Layout
Mobile Switching Center
IP Gateway
Internet(TCP/IP)
IP Gateway
Internet(TCP/IP)
NetworkManagement
(HLR)
- Base Station - Radio Network Controller
Mobile Switching Center
NetworkManagement
(HLR)
Out to another MSC or Fixed Network (PSTN/ISDN)
Network Architecture and Design 26
SS7BTS
BSCMSC
VLR
HLRAuC
GMSC
BSS
PSTN
NSS
AE
CD
PSTNAbis
B
H
MS
BSS Base Station System
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BSC Base Station Controller
NSS Network Sub-System
MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller
VLR Visitor Location Register
HLR Home Location Register
AuC Authentication Server
GMSC Gateway MSC
2.5G Architectural Detail
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
IP
2G+ MS (voice & data)
PSDNGi
SGSN
Gr
Gb
Gs
GGSN
Gc
Gn
2G MS (voice only)
Network Architecture and Design 27
GSM Evolution for Data Access
1997 2000 2003 2003+
GSM
GPRS
EDGE
UMTS
9.6 kbps
115 kbps
384 kbps
2 Mbps
GSM evolution 3G
Network Architecture and Design 28
3G rel99 Architecture (UMTS)- 3G Radios
SS7
IP
BTS
BSCMSC
VLR
HLRAuC
GMSC
BSS
SGSN GGSN
PSTN
PSDN
CN
CD
GcGr
Gn Gi
Abis
Gs
B
H
BSS Base Station System
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BSC Base Station Controller
RNS Radio Network System
RNC Radio Network Controller
CN Core Network
MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller
VLR Visitor Location Register
HLR Home Location Register
AuC Authentication Server
GMSC Gateway MSC
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
AE PSTN
2G MS (voice only)
2G+ MS (voice & data)
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Gb
3G UE (voice & data)
Node B
RNC
RNS
Iub
IuCS
ATM
IuPS
Network Architecture and Design 29
3G rel4 Architecture (UMTS)- Soft Switching
SS7
IP/ATM
BTS
BSCMSC Server
VLR
HLRAuC
GMSC server
BSS
SGSN GGSN
PSTN
PSDN
CN
CD
GcGr
Gn Gi
Gb
Abis
Gs
B
H
BSS Base Station System
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BSC Base Station Controller
RNS Radio Network System
RNC Radio Network Controller
CN Core Network
MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller
VLR Visitor Location Register
HLR Home Location Register
AuC Authentication Server
GMSC Gateway MSC
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
ANc
2G MS (voice only)
2G+ MS (voice & data)
Node B
RNC
RNS
Iub
IuCS
IuPS
3G UE (voice & data)
Mc
CS-MGW
CS-MGWNb
PSTNMc
ATM
Network Architecture and Design 30
Biggest Threat to Today’s 3G:Wireless LANs Faster than 3G
11 or 56 Mbps vs. <2 Mbps for 3G when stationary Data experience matches the Internet
with the added convenience of mobile same user interface (doesn’t rely on small screens) same programs, files, applications, Websites.
Low cost, low barriers to entry. Organizations can build own networks
Like the Internet, will grow virally. Opportunity for entrepreneurs! Opportunity for wireless operators?
Network Architecture and Design 31
Fourth Intermediate Report
WLAN I. Stergiou
GPRS A. Sgora
Deadline: 12/03/03
Network Architecture and Design 32
Fourth Intermediate Report
Structure Overview of examined technology Focus on open research points Related to open points works - State of the
art behind open points Your own interests - Ideas Conclusions References
Network Architecture and Design 33
Fourth Intermediate Report
Report (soft and hard copy) Use of English language A related presentation (about thirty
minutes).
Network Architecture and Design 34
End of Eighth Lecture
Network Architecture and Design 35
Final Project Requirements
Goal Design of a wireless campus for Karlovasi
area. Basic Elements
Around 150 wireless users Provision of internet access in an adequate
rate. Using conventional technologies.
Network Architecture and Design 36
Final Project Requirements
Starting from www.samos.aegean.gr/noc