A database of the expanding vocabulary used in medical education

MedEdWorld Updates highlight useful and easily accessible sources of information on key and important topics in medical education contributed by leading experts from around the world.

U P D AT E O N

LECTURESUseful resources on MedEdWorld

Dr Catherine Kennedy, AMEE Projects Offi cer

GLOSSARYLecture: An instruction or verbal discourse by a speaker before a large group of students. This teaching method has historically been quite prominent in education because it is an economic way to communicate information to large groups. However, increasing knowledge about the group’s diffi culties in maintaining concentration and absorbing extensive information while in a passive listening mode has brought the value of lectures under criticism. Audio-visual presentations, demonstration of patients and intermittent discussions can help activate learners. Reference: Wojtczak, A. (2003) Glossary of Medical Education Terms. AMEE Occasional Paper No 3. Dundee: AMEE.

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TEXTBOOKSBligh, D.A. (2000) What’s the Use of Lectures? (6th Rev.Ed.) New York NY: John Wiley & Sons.www.mededworld.org/Publications/Textbooks/What-s-the-Use-of-Lectures.aspx A revised edition of the 1970s classic, this book examines the nature of teaching and learning in a classroom lecture, describing how they learn, how much knowledge they retain and how to enhance their attention and motivation.

Brown, G. and Edmunds, S. (2013)”Lectures” in Dent, J.A. and Harden, R.M.(Eds.), A Practical Guide for Medical Teachers (4th Ed.) London: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.www.mededworld.org/Publications/Textbooks/A-Practical-Guide-for-Medical-Teachers-%284th-Ed-%29.aspx This chapter on lectures provides a useful overview of the purpose and processes of lecturing, from the considerations to take before designing a lecture, to the evaluation of its eff ectiveness at the end.

Brown, S. and Race, P. (2002) Lecturing: A Practical Guide. London: Routledge.www.mededworld.org/Publications/Textbooks/Lecturing-A-Practical-Guide.aspxGuides the reader through the art of good lecturing, demonstrating how lecturers are a fl exible and essential tool for enhancing learning and understanding.

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A selection of texts recommended on MedEdWorld

A revised edition of the 1970s classic, this book examines the nature of teaching and learning in

A selection of key articles recommended by the MedEdWorld Community

Exley, K. and Dennick, R. (2009) Giving a Lecture 2nd Ed. (Key Guides for Eff ective Teaching in Higher Education). London: Routledge. www.mededworld.org/Publications/Textbooks/Giving-a-Lecture-2ndEd-%28Key-Guides-for-Eff ective-T.aspx Uses a multi-disciplinary approach based on educational theory to provide clear guidance on how to give a memorable and motivational lecture. Updated to address developments such as podcasting and e-lecturing.

Harden, R.M. and Laidlaw, J.M. (2012) Essential Skills For A Medical Teacher. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.www.mededworld.org/Publications/Textbooks/Essential-Skills-for-a-Medical-Teacher-An-Introduc.aspxChapter 21 in this book provides a useful overview on lectures, with key tips on how to deliver a good lecture.

Race, P. (2013) The Lecturer’s Toolkit: A Practical Guide to Assessment, Learning and Teaching (3rd Ed.) London: Routledge.www.mededworld.org/Publications/Textbooks/The-Lecturer-s-Toolkit-A-Practical-Guide-to-Assess.aspxPractical guidance on eff ective teaching with accessible advice and helpful tips.

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Brown, G. and Manogue, M. (2001) Refreshing lecturing: a guide for lecturers. AMEE Guide No. 22. Medical Teacher, 23: 3, pp.231-244. www.mededworld.org/Publications/Articles/Refreshing-lecturing-a-guide-for-lecturers-AMEE-Gu.aspx An overview on lecturing, a model of the processes of lecturing, and suggestions for improving lectures, learning and evaluation.

Fyrenius, A., Bergdahl, B., and Silén, C. (2005) Lectures in problem-based learning – Why, when and how? An example of interactive lecturing that stimulates meaningful learning. Medical Teacher, 33:2, pp. e105-e112. www.mededworld.org/Publications/Articles/Lectures-in-problem-based-learning-Why,-when-and-h.aspxA discussion of the lecture in the framework of theories of learning in general and the problem-based learning tradition in particular.

Gülpinar, M.A. and Yeğen, D.C. (2005) Interactive lecturing for meaningful learning in large groups. Medical Teacher, 27:7, pp. 590-594.www.mededworld.org/Publications/Articles/Interactive-lecturing-for-meaningful-learning-in-l.aspxStructured integrated interactive lectures were more meaningful for students and can assist in the development of higher order thinking.

Harden, R.M. (2008) Death by PowerPoint – the need for a ‘fi dget index’. Medical Teacher, 30:9-10, pp. 833-835. www.mededworld.org/Publications/Articles/Death-by-PowerPoint-the-need-for-a-fi dget-index.aspxThree approaches to making presentations using PowerPoint which should yield a more attentive and appreciative audience.

Harden, R.M. and Crosby, J. (2000) The good teacher is more than a lecturer – the twelve roles of the teacher. AMEE Guide 20. Medical Teacher, 22:4, 334-347. www.mededworld.org/Publications/Articles/The-good-teacher-is-more-than-a-lecturer-the-twelv.aspx A useful model for examining the roles of a teacher in a curriculum and matching staff to the diff erent roles.

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Lochner, L. and Gijselaers, W.H. (2011) Improving lecture skills: A time effi cient 10-step pedagogical consultation method for medical teachers in healthcare professions. Medical Teacher 33:2 pp 873-874.www.mededworld.org/Publications/Articles/Improving-lecture-skills-A-time-effi cient-10-step.aspx A method of improving lecturing through the use of consultants and student committees.

McLeod, P., Steinert, Y., Capek, R., Chalk, C., Brawer, J., Ruhe, V. and Barnett, B. (2013) Peer review: An eff ective approach to cultivating lecturing virtuosity. Medical Teacher, 35:4, pp. e1046-e1051. www.mededworld.org/Publications/Articles/Peer-review-An-eff ective-approach-to-cultivating-l.aspx Explores the impact of a programme in which video-recorded lectures were critiqued by peers.

Malik, A.S. and Malik, R.H. (2012) Twelve tips for eff ective lecturing in a PBL curriculum. Medical Teacher, 34:3, pp. 198-204. www.mededworld.org/Publications/Articles/Twelve-tips-for-eff ective-lecturing-in-a-PBL-curri.aspxThese tips highlight methods of preparing and delivering lectures that follow the educational philosophy underpinning the PBL approach.

Masikunis, G., Panayiotidis, A. and Burke, L. (2009) Changing the nature of lectures using a personal response system. Innovations in Education and Teaching International. 46: 2, pp. 199-212. www.mededworld.org/Publications/Articles/Changing-the-nature-of-lectures-using-a-personal-r.aspx Describes how using a personal response system encouraged lecturers to explore new approaches to lecturing, including the use of video clips containing problems to which the students were asked to respond.

Nelson, C., Hartling, L., Campbell, S. and Oswald, A.E. (2012) The eff ects of audience response systems on learning outcomes in health professions education. A BEME systematic review. BEME Guide No. 21. Medical Teacher, 34:6, pp.505.www.mededworld.org/Publications/Articles/A-BEME-systematic-review-BEME-Guide-No-21,-The-eff .aspxProvides evidence to suggest the eff ectiveness of audience response systems in improving learning outcomes.

Ventura, S. and Onsman, A. (2009) The use of popular movies during lectures to aid the teaching and learning of undergraduate pharmacology. Medical Teacher 31:7, pp. 662-664. www.mededworld.org/Publications/Articles/The-use-of-popular-movies-during-lectures-to-aid-t.aspxInvestigates whether the use of short movie references to pharmacology during lectures could stimulate learning in undergraduate students.

Visioli, S., Lodi, G., Carrassi, A. and Zannini, L. (2009) The role of observational research in improving faculty lecturing skills: A qualitative study in an Italian dental school. Medical Teacher, 31:8, pp. e362-e369. www.mededworld.org/Publications/Articles/The-role-of-observational-research-in-improving-fa.aspxObservational research on lecturing skills and the provision of feedback for faculty development.

A space for debating a wide range of topics of current interest to the health professions.

RESOURCES

Resources contains over 300 images, video clips, websites and conference presentations that may be incorporated into lectures, including:

Jesse Desjardins Video Clip (2010) “Steal this presentation!”www.mededworld.org/Resources/Resources-Items/Steal-This-Presentation!.aspx Hints and tips on how to put together a great PowerPoint presentation.

Grand Roundswww.mededworld.org/Resources/Resources-Items/Grand-Rounds.aspxAn on-line open-access journal of interesting case reports that can be used in lectures and other teaching.

LEARNING TECHNOLOGY

BioDigital Human Platform: A Virtual 3D Bodywww.mededworld.org/Learning-Technology/Equipment-Items/BioDigital-Human-Platform-A-virtual-3D-body.aspx Brings to life thousands of medically accurate anatomy objects and health conditions in an interactive web-based platform.

Poll Everywherewww.mededworld.org/Learning-Technology/Equipment-Items/Poll-Everywhere.aspxAn instant audience feedback tool for enhancing interactive lectures.

TurningPointwww.mededworld.org/Learning-Technology/Equipment-Items/TurningPoint.aspxA ‘clicker’ based in-class system for polling, voting and feedback.

FORUMS

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Recommended to support teaching, learning and assessment

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