leed v4 and construction materials -...
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©2012 Center For Environmental Innovation in Roofing, All Rights Reserved
LEED v4 AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
NOVEMBER 2, 2012
A CENTER WEBINAR PRESENTATION
“LEED is continuously evolving and improving. We’re not just
going for net zero; we’re going for net positive. Getting to an
entire market transformation means we need to keep moving
in the right direction.
The next update to the rating systems (LEED v4) will open up
LEED to a wider range of building types and manufacturing
industries, delivering the benefits of green building up and
down the supply chain. It will advance environmental footprint
issues, like climate change, and encourage optimization of
energy and water use.”
The Next Version of LEED
Source: U. S. Green Building Council (Italics and underlining added.) 2
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
LEED v4 Timeline
October 1, 2012:
December 10, 2012:
June 1, 2013:
Summer / Fall 2013:
June 1, 2015:
Final LEED v4 Draft released for comment Public comment period closes LEED v4 balloting by USGBC membership begins LEED v4 becomes an alternative to LEED 2009 LEED v4 replaces LEED 2009 for all projects
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
4
• Material Disclosure and Optimization: Environmental Product Declarations (MRc2)
• Material Disclosure and Optimization: Sourcing of Raw Materials (MRc3)
• Material Disclosure and Optimization: Material Ingredients (MRc4)
New LEED v4 Material Credits
4
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• Disclosure: Reporting the impacts of products • Environmental impacts
• Social impacts
• Hazard impacts
• Optimization: Reducing the impacts of products • Net reduction of impacts “below industry average”
• Use of environmentally preferred product categories
• Elimination of specific hazardous chemicals
What is Disclosure and Optimization?
5
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• Option 1: Disclosure – Alternate Path – Alternate Path – Alternate Path – Alternate Path
and / or…
• Option 2: Optimization – Alternate Path – Alternate Path – Alternate Path – Alternate Path
Material Disclosure and Optimization
Credit Structure
1 Point 1 Point
Max. 2 Points
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• Option 1: At least 20 products must have… – Product-specific ISO-compliant Life Cycle Assessment*
– Product-specific ISO-compliant Environmental Product Declaration*
– Industry-wide ISO-compliant Environmental Product Declaration*
• Option 2: At least 50% of all materials must be… – Products with extended producer responsibility program*
– Products with lower impacts than “industry average” in at least 3 impact categories
Credit MRc2
Environmental Product Declarations
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
*Weighting varies
• Option 1: At least 20 products must have… – Self-declared Corporate Sustainability Report*
– Third party certified CSR*
• Option 2: At least 25% of all materials must be… – Bio-based
– FSC certified wood
– Reused
– Recycled
Credit MRc3
Sourcing of Raw Materials
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
*Weighting varies
• Option 1: At least 20 products must have… – Manufacturer self-report by CAS No.
– Health Product Declaration using Health Product Declaration Open Standard
– Cradle-to-Cradle certified minimum Silver level
• Option 2: At least 25% of all materials must… – Pass GreenScreen Benchmark 1 or 2*
– Achieve Cradle-to-Cradle Platinum or Gold*
– Have no ingredients on REACH Authorization or Candidate List
Credit MRc4
Material Ingredients
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
*Weighting varies
• Within 100 miles: 200% weighting
• Within 500 miles: 150% weighting
Credit MRc2/3/4
Local Source Weighting
Locally-sourced products receive additional weighting:
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• EPDs and HPDs
• GreenScreen
• REACH
• Cradle-to-Cradle
LEED v4 and Materials
New Concepts
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
LEED v4 and Materials
EPDs and HPDs
12
EPD
HPD
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• Focused on quantifiable measures – Environmental impacts (global warming, ozone depletion, etc.) – Resource consumption (energy, water, solid waste)
• Cradle-to-grave perspective
• Well-established methodology and rules – Standardized methodology: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) – Common rules for comparison: Product Category Rules (PCRs)
• Based on recognized global standards – ISO 14000 environmental management series
• Supported by established program operators – UL Environment, NSF, ICC Evaluation Service, and others
Environmental Product Declaration(EPD)
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Sample EPD
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Product: Ceiling Tile
Manufacturer: Certainteed
Certifier: UL Environment
ACCORDING TO IS0 14025
Procedure: ISO 14025
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
EPD Detail
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Life Cycle / System Boundary
Life Cycle Diagram
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
EPD Detail
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Impact Summary
Functional Unit:
Comparable with
Similar Products
Impact Category
Impact Units
Impact Measures
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• Few EPDs have been published so far – Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is complex and costly
– Additional Product Category Rules (PCRs) must be completed
• Multiple LCA / EPD options within LEED v4 may cause confusion – LCA versus EPD
– Industry –wide versus specific product EPD
– How will “below industry average” be implemented?
• Education will be required for design professionals to effectively integrate EPDs into material selection and project design
LEED v4 and EPDs
EPD Challenges
17
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• Focused on potential hazard rather than quantifiable impact
– Primary reliance on hazard reference lists of “chemicals of concern”
– Little or no attention to levels or thresholds of chemical ingredients
• Cradle-to-grave perspective
• Emerging methodology and rules
• Based on multiple approaches to hazard definition
– Over one dozen published hazard lists and protocols
Health Product Declaration(HPD)
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• HPD Open Standard Working Group established July, 2011 (http://www.hpdworkinggroup.org/)
• A joint initiative of Healthy Buildings Network (HBN) and BuildingGreen, Inc.
• Numerous NGO and corporate participants, including GAF & JM
• Draft HPD published October 2, 2011 and currently in pilot program
HPD Open Standard Working Group
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Source: Healthy Buildings Network
HPD Open Standard Draft
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Ingredient CAS No. Hazard References
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• “Open Standards” are not ASTM, ANSI or ISO standards
• Few if any HPDs have been published so far
• Inclusion of California Proposition 65 in current HPD Open
Standard Draft poses a significant challenge for many common
building materials (More to follow on Prop 65)
• Multiple hazard disclosure options within LEED v4 may
lead to confusion
• Education will be required for design professionals to effectively
integrate HPDs into material selection and project design
LEED v4 and HPDs
HPD Challenges
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
GreenScreen
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• Considers eighteen (18)
environmental and human health end points
• Uses a variety of public and private hazard references and lists
• Evaluates chemical hazards on 4 benchmarks of action
GreenScreen
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Source: Clean Production Action
Green Screen Hazard Categories
Carcinogenicity (C) Skin Sensitization (SnS)
Mutagenicity (M) Respiratory Sensitization (SnR)
Reproductive Toxicity (R) Skin Irritation (IrS)
Developmental Toxicity (D) Eye Irritation (IrE)
Endocrine Activity (E) Acute Aquatic Toxicity (AA)
Acute Mammalian Toxicity (AT) Chronic Aquatic Toxicity (CA)
Systemic Toxicity (ST) Persistence (P)
Neurotoxicity (N) Bioaccumulation (B)
Flammability (F) Reactivity (Rx)
GreenScreen Hazard Categories
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Source: Clean Production Action
GreenScreen Benchmarks
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Source: Clean Production Action
GreenScreen Benchmark 1
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Source: Clean Production Action
Green Screen Hazard Category Hazard References (Benchmark 1)
Carcinogenicity (C) US EPA Known, OSHA Carcinogen, NTP Known, IARC Group 1 or 2A, EU Category 1 or 2, GHS Category 1A or 1B,
CA Prop 65
Mutagenicity (M) EU Category 1 or 2, GHS Category 1A or 1B
Reproductive Toxicity (R) NTP Known, EU Category 1 or 2, GHS
Category 1A or 1B, CA Prop 65
Developmental Toxicity (D) NTP Known, CA Prop 65
PLUS 13 MORE CATEGORIES & CRITERIA
Source: Clean Production Action
GreenScreen Benchmark 1
Hazard References
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• Few if any GreenScreen evaluations have been published so far
• Some confusion exists regarding products versus ingredients in the GreenScreen protocol
• Inclusion of California Proposition 65 in GreenScreen Benchmark 1 poses a significant challenge for many common building materials (More to follow on Prop 65)
• Multiple hazard optimization options within LEED v4 may lead to confusion
• Education will be required for design professionals to effectively integrate GreenScreen into material selection and project design
LEED v4 and GreenScreen
GreenScreen Challenges
28
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
REACH
REACH
REACH mandates a step-by-step approach for the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of chemicals in products marketed and distributed in the EU. As part of the program, REACH has developed specific listings of chemicals of concern. These chemicals are listed either on a Candidate List for further review or an Authorization List for phased removal from the market
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
REACH and Construction Products
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Candidate / Authorized Chemical Relevant Construction Product(s)
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) EPS, XPS
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
SPF
Various Pthalates PVC
Coal Tar Coal Tar
4,4'- Diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA)
As a precursor of MDI, some environmental groups have claimed all polyurethanes are affected
• Although the REACH development process is grounded in
science and consensus, it is difficult for non-EU residents to
participate in the consensus process
• Some confusion exists regarding the status of precursor
chemicals as they related to finished products (e.g. MDA as
previously discussed)
LEED v4 and REACH
REACH Challenges
32
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Cradle-To-Cradle
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Cradle-To-Cradle (C2C)
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• Product certification system managed by McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry (MBDC)
• Evaluates products on five criteria • Material Health • Material Reutilization • Renewable Energy Use • Water Stewardship • Social Responsibility
• Certifies products in four classes • Basic • Silver • Gold • Platinum
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
C2C and Construction Products
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
C2C Level Relevant Requirement
Basic No PVC products
Silver No PVC and all other halogenated hydrocarbons <1000 ppm
Gold No halogenated hydrocarbons
Platinum No halogenated hydrocarbons
• C2C is a proprietary certification program not subject to a
consensus standard process
• The near-blanket ban on all halogenated fire retardants and
PVC poses a significant challenge for many common building
materials
LEED v4 and C2C
C2C Challenges
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LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
California Proposition 65
37
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
“In 1986, California voters approved an initiative to address their growing concerns about exposure to toxic chemicals. That initiative became the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, better known by its original name of Proposition 65. Proposition 65 requires the State to publish a list of chemicals known to cause cancer or birth defects or other reproductive harm. This list, which must be updated at least once a year, has grown to include approximately 800 chemicals since it was first published in 1987.
Proposition 65 requires businesses to notify Californians about significant amounts of chemicals in the products they purchase, in their homes or workplaces, or that are released into the environment. By providing this information, Proposition 65 enables Californians to make informed decisions about protecting themselves from exposure to these chemicals.”
What is Prop 65?
38 Source: California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
“A chemical can be listed if either of two independent committees of scientists and health professionals appointed by the Governor find that the chemical has been clearly shown to cause cancer or birth defects or other reproductive harm.
A second way for a chemical to be listed is if it has been identified as causing cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm by agencies such as the U.S. EPA, the U.S. FDA, NIOSH, and IARC.
A third way for a chemical to be listed is if an agency of the state or federal government requires that it be labeled or identified as causing cancer or birth defects or other reproductive harm.
A fourth way requires the listing of chemicals meeting certain scientific criteria and identified in the California Labor Code as causing cancer or birth defects or other reproductive harm.”
How are Chemicals Listed in Prop 65?
39 Source: California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
CA Prop 65 List
REACH Candidate / Authorized List
Number of chemicals included
Over 800 Less than 3 dozen
Hazard criterion May include chemicals that are either known or suspected to be hazardous
Includes only chemicals known to be hazardous
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Prop 65 and REACH
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
41
Prop 65 and Construction Products
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
Prop 65 Chemical Relevant Product(s)
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) EPS, XPS
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)
SPF
Bitumens, extracts of steam-refined or air-refined
APP, SBS, BUR, Bituminous Coatings
Carbon Black (CAS 1333-86-4) EPDM
Titanium Dioxide, airborne, unbound particles of respirable size
Almost all white roof covers and coatings
• Some options could be simplified – No compelling need for “ISO-compliant LCA” since it can easily
be converted into an Iso-compliant EPD
– Weightings may add more confusion than value
• Some options may need additional time for broad adoption by product manufacturers – EPDs: Need more PCRs and LCA studies
– HPDs: Need fully vetted HPD standard
LEED v4 and Construction Materials
Observations
42
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• Chemical hazard categories need to be harmonized – Why should some chemicals be accepted under some options
and rejected under others?
– CA Prop 65 is particularly problematic in terms of hazard definition and consensus development
• Some options are overly proprietary or lack consensus input – GreenScreen
– C2C
– REACH (Outside of EU)
LEED v4 and Construction Materials
Observations
43
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• The current approach to optimization ignores important optimization strategies – Trade-off strategies
– Continuous improvement strategies
• Some options lack consensus support or are obviously proprietary – GreenScreen
– C2C
– REACH (Outside of EU)
LEED v4 and Construction Materials
Observations
44
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• Some options fail to demonstrate tangible sustainable benefit – Does local sourcing necessarily reduce environmental impact or
hazard?
– Do single-attribute products necessarily reduce environmental impact or hazard?
LEED v4 and Construction Materials
Observations
45
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
• Focus on disclosure first, and then optimization – Work on improving consistency and reliability of disclosure
options
– Keep optimization options in the Pilot Credit Library
• Restrict hazard references to the most authoritative global sources – Specifically eliminate the use of regional lists such as Prop 65
• Add opportunities for trade-off and continuous improvement
– Consider closed-loop recycling and other trade-off strategies
– Consider levels of reduction rather than blanket bans
LEED v4 and Construction Materials
Suggestions
46
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
LEED v4 Timeline
October 1, 2012:
December 10, 2012:
June 1, 2013:
Summer / Fall 2013:
June 1, 2015:
Final LEED v4 Draft released for comment Public comment period closes LEED v4 balloting by USGBC membership begins LEED v4 becomes an alternative to LEED 2009 LEED v4 replaces LEED 2009 for all projects
47
LEED v4 : WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
©2012 Center For Environmental Innovation in Roofing, All Rights Reserved
Center for Environmental Innovation in Roofing
816 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20006
www.roofingcenter.org