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Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issues 21 May 2008

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Page 1: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issues

21 May 2008

Page 2: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

THE ARCTIC OCEAN & MARGINAL SEAS

ARCTIC OCEAN

ChukchiSea

BeaufortSea

LincolnSea

BarentsSea

KaraSeaLaptev

Sea

East SiberianSea Norwegian-

GreenlandSea

Greenland

Canada

USA

Russia

Norway

Page 3: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

Hans Island

Page 4: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

THE ARCTIC OCEAN & MARGINAL SEAS

ARCTIC OCEAN

ChukchiSea

BeaufortSea

LincolnSea

BarentsSea

KaraSeaLaptev

Sea

East SiberianSea Norwegian-

GreenlandSea

Greenland

Canada

USA

Russia

Norway

Page 5: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

Minimum Arctic Ice 2002

Page 6: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

SHIPPING ROUTES BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE FAR EAST

Page 7: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

PROPOSED ‘ARCTIC BRIDGE’?

Murmansk

Churchill

Murmansk

Churchill

Page 8: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

THE FLOOR OF THE ARCTIC OCEAN

Greenland

Greenland

CanadaCanada

USAUSA

RussiaRussia

CanadaCanadaBasinBasin

ChukchiChukchiBorderlandsBorderlands

MendeleevMendeleevRidgeRidge

LomonosovLomonosovRidgeRidge

GakkelGakkelRidgeRidge

AlphaAlphaRidgeRidge

AmerasianAmerasian BasinBasin

EurasianEurasian BasinBasin

NorwayNorway

IcelandIceland

Page 9: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

THE ARCTIC OCEAN: MORPHOLOGICAL BREAKS IN NATURAL PROLONGATIONS

Russ

ia

Canada

Greenlan

d

Lomonosov Ridge

Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge

Page 10: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

THE CENTRAL ARCTIC OCEAN: AN ENCLAVE OF COMBINED CONTINENTAL SHELVES?

Prospective zone of extended sovereign rights

Zones beyond coastal state jurisdiction

Page 11: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

THE ARCTIC OCEAN & MARGINAL SEAS

ARCTIC OCEAN

ChukchiSea

BeaufortSea

LincolnSea

BarentsSea

KaraSeaLaptev

Sea

East SiberianSea Norwegian-

GreenlandSea

Greenland

Canada

USA

Russia

Norway

Page 12: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

BEAUFORT SEA – Disputed Zone Between Canada and the United States

Fishing Zone limit

U.S. limit

Disputed Zone

Page 13: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

ZONES DEFINED BY SECTOR LINES

Page 14: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

ZONES DEFINED BY MEDIAN LINES

Page 15: Legal Status of the Arctic Some Contemporary Issueslegal.un.org/avl/pdf/ls/McRae_presentation.pdf · Presentation - Mr. Donald Malcolm McRae, Professor, Faculty of Law, University

THE ARCTIC OCEAN & MARGINAL SEAS

ARCTIC OCEAN

ChukchiSea

BeaufortSea

LincolnSea

BarentsSea

KaraSeaLaptev

Sea

East SiberianSea Norwegian-

GreenlandSea

Greenland

Canada

USA

Russia

Norway


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