legends of ancient rome from livy
TRANSCRIPT
ELEMENTAR.YCI
ILKINSON
LEGENDS OF ANCIENT ROME
FROM LIVY.
MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited
LONDON • BOMBAY • CALCUTTA • MADRASMELBOURNE
THE MACMILLAN COMPANYNEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO
DALLAS • SAN FRANCISCO
THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd.
'ORONTO
Legends—Livy—Frontispiece.
W
alker
&C
ockerell
sc,
(ElemcntarB Cksjsks
Legends of Ancient Rome
From Livy
Adapted and Edited with Notes, Exercises, and
Vocabularies by
Herbert Wilkinson, M.A.Formerly Postmaster of Merton College, Oxford
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED
ST. MARTIN^S STREET, LONDON1924
COPYRIGHT
First Editiori 1890.
Reprinted 1891, 1892, 1895, 1897, 1901.
Re-issue, with Illustrations, 1902.
Reprinted, with new Vocabulary, 1906, 1910, 1914, 1920, 1922, 1924.
NOTE TO NEW EDITION.
For this edition the vocabulary, which was imperfect,
has been entirely re-written. Fuller information has
been given about important words, and it is hoped
that no omissions will now be found.
January, 1906
PKINTED IN GREAT BRITATN
PREFACE.
This selection has been compiled for the use of boys
who could make out an easy passage of sucb an
author as Caesar, but would be stopped by long or
difficult sentences. It is hoped that the passages
will be found, at any rate in the earlier part of
the book, to be of progressive difficulty. The attempt
to attain this end has led to the omission of some
legends of the kings which could not have been
made easy enough without much alteration of the
text. As this would have left them not Livy’s,
but something very inferior, it was thought better
to omit them altogether.
The text has been simplified mainly by omissions,
which have sometimes been large. Moral and
political reflections, and many rhetorical passages,
have been left out bodily. Elaborate periods have
been omitted, or, where they contained matter
essential to the story, broken up. In one or two
places the order of words has been simplified
where it seemed likely to offer needless diflBculty
to young boys.
2762929
f
CONTENTS.
PAGE
I. The Founding of Rome, 1
II. The Rape of the Sabine Women,.... 3
III. The Horatii and the Curiatii, .... 5
rV. How Horatius Defended the Bridge, - - - 6
V. The Daring of Mucius Scaevola, .... 8
VI. The Battle of Lake Regillus, - - . . 9
VII. The Story of Coriolanus, 12
VIII. The War of the Fabii with the People of Veii, - 14
IX. The Story of Cincinnatus, - - . . - 17
X. How Cossus Won the Spolia Opima, . . - 21
XI. The Prophecy about the Alban Lake, - - - 24
XII. The Fall of Veii, 26
XIII. The Corning of the Gauls, 29
XIV. The Battle of the Allia, 32
XV. The Burning of Rome by the Gauls, ... 34
XVI. The Siege of the Citadel, and Defeat of the Gauls
by Camillus, - - - . . . .36Notes, 43
Exercises, 49
Vocabulary, 67
Supplement to Vocabulary, 100
English Index, - - - - - - - 103
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
Plan OF Earliest Rome - - • FrontispiBce
The Twins Exposed ...... 1
Roman fresco from the Esquiline.
The twins are carried in a sort of tray by two atten-
dants, both wearing short tunics and cloaks, one of
them also a hat. The river-god Tiber sits looking on ;
his head is crowned with reeds, and he holds asteering-paddle—expressive of the fact that his
stream is navigable.
VVoLF AND Twins ....... I
Bronze in ilie Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome. Late sixthcentury B.c. (?).
The twins are an addition of the sixteenth century,
and the animal has also suffered considerably fiomrestoration.
This she-wolf, before it feli into the restorer’s
clutches, was ahnost certainly represented withoutthe twins. It can hardly be the figure dedicated in
295 B.c. by the aediles Gn. and Q. Ogulnius, since its
style is much too archaic. Possibly it is the other
she-wolf which is known to have stood in the Capito-
line temple, and to have been struck by lightning
in 65 B.c.
WoLF AND Twins with Fahstheus ... 3
Roman silver coin (denarius) issued by Sextus Pompeius between'*
(he years 150 and 125 B.c. In the Briiish Museum.
The she-wolf suckles the twins beneath a fig-tree (on
which on some examples two or three birds are seen
viii
LI&T OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
perched);
near by stands the shepherd Faustulusleaning on his staff and wearing a broad-brimmed hat.
Below is the word ROMA ;around, SEX. PO.
[FOJSTLVS (the name of the official who issued the
coin). Fostlus is a contraction of Fostulus, which is
the same word as Faustulus. The moneyer arranges
the inscription so that the name Fostlus comes near
to the figure of Faustulus.
Head of RomulusSilver coin (.denarius) issued by C. Memmius in B.c. 51.
Romulus (QVIRINVS) is represented with longhowing hair and beard treated in formal curis in thearchaic fashion ; he wmars a wreath of laurel-leaves
'just visible on the back of his head). This head is
perhaps copied from the statue which was set up onthe Capitol. The issuer of the coin inscribes his nameC. MEMMI. C. F. i.e. ‘ Caius Memmius son of Caius.’
Rape of the Sabines
Roman silver coin issued by L. Titurius Sabinus about 87 B.c.
In ihe British Museum.
The coin, inscribed L. TITVRI, represents twoRomans carrying each a Sabine woman. On theobverse is a head of the Sabine king T. Tatius.
Horatius Cocles . . . - . .
Roman bronze medallion, issued in the reign of Antoninus Pius(A.D. 138-161) beiween the years 140 and 144 A.D.
The Sublician bridge has been broken down;one of
the Romans is stili at work with an axe. Cocles(COCLES) is swimming, with hehnet on his head andshield on his left arm, towards the Roman shore,
while one of the enemy aims a dart at him. Onthe obverse is a head of the Emperor wearing alaurei crown ; the inscription runs ANTONINVSAVG(ustus) PIVS P(ater) P(atriae) TR(ibunicia)P(otestate) CO(n)S(ul) III.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
River God Tiber 3
Bronze coin oflhe Emperor Antoninus Pius (a.d. 138-161) issuedbetween 140 and 144 B.c. In the British Museum.
The river-god TIBERIS (cp. Verg. Aen. viii. 31)reclines with an overturned vase from which waterflows under his left arm. He holds a reed in his left
hand, and rests his right on a ship at his side. Beloware the letters SC for Senatus Consulto.
Wearing THE Paludamentum - - - - 13
Colossal staiue in the Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome.About 100 A.D.
The general wears a tunic, elaborately ornamentedcuirass, and paludamentum, which is fastened on his
right shoulder with a bulla; on his feet are boots
leaving the toes bare. The statue is supposed (notwithout some reason) to represent Julius Caesar.
Warship and Standards - - - - - 13
Roman silver coin {denarius) issued by the triumvir M. Antoniusin the East betiveen 39 and 31 B.c. In the British Museum.
The galley is proceeding to the right. The stemcarries an aplustre and small circular shield (not weUshown on this specimen)
;the stem runs up in the
form usual at this time. There are small cabins at
the forecastle and poop ;from the former rises a
forem ast carrying a pennon (?). The inscription is
ANT. AVG. ili. VIR. R. P. C„ i.e. ‘Antonius augurtriumvir reipublicae constituendae.’
An aquila between two signa ornamented with discs.
The inscription is CHORTIVM PRAETOR lARVM,showing that the coin was struck for the paymentof the Praetorian Cohorts, or Guards. Note the
form CHORTIVM, which is not uncommon in Latininscriptions.
Etruscan Helmet dedicated by Hiero - - 1^’
Bronze helmet in the Brdish Museum. From Olympia.
The Etruscans (Tyrrhenians) were threateningdestruction to the Greek colony of Cyme (Cumae).
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. XI
Hiero sent a fleet to its aid, and the Syracusans andCymaeans together inflicted a crushing defeat on the
barbarians (cp. Pind. Pyih. 1). Among the Tyr-rhenian spoils dedicated by Hiero and the Syracusansat the shrine of Zeus in Olympia was thie Tyrrhenianhehnet. It bears this semi-metrical inscription
:
'Idpwv b Aeivo/ieyeos Kai rol 'LvpaKoaLoi tQi At Tvpdv’
diro Kdfias : i.e. ‘ Hiero son of Deinomenes and the
Syracusans (dedicated) to Zeus Tyrrhenian (spoils)
from Cyme.’ Notice the spelling of Hiero’s name, of
Tvppava with one p, the short form At for Au, the use
of o throughout, and the early sign (a closed eta) for
the aspirate.
Etrtjscan Wakrior - - - - - - 15
Arckaic bronze statuette from Todi in the British Museum.
The warrior held a sword (?) in his right hand ; onhis left arm is a round shield. He wears a crested
helmet, with the cheek-pieces tumed up, a shortchiton, of which the lower end is just seen under thecuirass of scales ; the cuirass has shoulder-flaps anda fringe of flaps at the bottom. On his legs are
greaves. The statuette is 12J in. high.
Wearing THE Toga - 18
Roman statue at Dresden, of Republican times.
A statue of an orator, with a case of MS. roUs at his
feet. Undemeath the toga he wears a tunica, visible
on his breast. The arm rests in a fold made by aportiion of the garment which comes over the right
shoulder, down in front of the breast, and is thenthrown again over the left shoulder
; the orator wasthus prevented from using his right arm in too violent
gesticulation. Cp. Cicero, pro Cael. v. 11 : nobisquidem olim annus erat unus ad cohibendum brachiumtoga constitutus.
Lictores 18
Silver Roman coin (denarius) issued by Q. Caepio Brutus inB.c. 58. In the British Museum.
The coin is inscribed BRVTVS, and probably repre-
sents the Consul Brutus the Elder walking between
xii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
two lictores, carrying the fasces, the procession being
led by an acc&nsus or orderly. According to a less
probable interpretation, the lictores are conductingthe children of Brutus to death.
Currus Triumphalis - - - - - - 18
Bronze Roman coin (sestertius) of fhe Emperor Tiberius(A.D. 14-38). In the British Museum.
The sides of the chariot (which is circular in form)are
decorated with reliefs (figure of Victory and trophies,
etc.).
Dedication of Spolia Opima - - - - 18
Silver coin (denarius) issucd by P. Cornelius LentulusMarcellinus about 42 B.C. In the British Museum.
The obverse of this coin is inscribed MARCELLI NVS(the name of the moneyer), but the portrait is that of
his ancestor the conqueror of Syracuse. It was com-mon at the time of the striking of this coin for
moneyers to use the portraits of their ancestors, real
or pretended, as types. The trisceles, or, as it is
sometimes inaccurately called, triquetra, of threelegs, is here used as the symbol of the three-corneredisland of Sicily, and thus identifies the portrait as thatof the conqueror of Syracuse. On the reverse we readMARCELLVS CO(n)S(ul) QVINQ(uies)— ‘ Marcellusfive times consul.’ The consul is represented as aboutto mount the steps of the temple of Jupiter Feretrius,
to dedicate there the ferculum bearing the spolia
opima which he won from the Gaulish chieftain
Viridomarus at Clastidium in B.c. 222—the third"andlast occasion of such a dedication :
Aspice ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimisingreditur, vietorque viros supereminet omnes.
Verg. Aen. vi. 369.
Gaulish Helmet from N. Italy - - -• .31
In the Louvre.
This helmet was found in the North of Italy, where,as is well known, many Gaulish tribes were settled.
It is possibly as early as the sixth century b.c.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Juno Regina --------Roman silver coin {denarius) issued by L. Jiubrius Dossenus
about .^6 B.c. In tbe British Museum.
The goddess wears a veil (as the bride of Jupiter) and a
diadem of pearls;behind is seen her sceptre. The
inseription is DOS for Dossenus, the nomen andpraenomen L. RVBRI being placed on the other side
of the coin.
Sella Curulis and Fasces
Silver Roman coin {der arius) issued by L. Furius Brocchusabout B.C. 55. In the British Museum.
The coin is inscribed L. FVRI. CN. F., i.e. ‘ L. Furius,
son of Cneius.’ The sella curulis is a camp-stool withcurved legs. The second bar which in the illustration
looks as if it were above the stool is really the other
side of the frame. On either side are the fasces andsecuris. The sella curulis was the official chair of the
higher Roman magistrates, and of the curule as
distinguished from the plebeian aediles.
Legends—Livy—Face page i.
The Twins Exposed. Fresco frora the Esquiline.
LEGENDS OF ANCIENT HOME.
I. The Founding of Eome.
Procae, regi Albae, duo filii Numitor atque Amulius
erant. Numitori, qui natu maximus erat, pater
regnum vetustum gentis legat. Plus tamen vis
potuit ^ quam volunl^as patris;
pulso fratre Amulius
regnat. Addit sceleri scelus]
fratris filios interemit,
filiam Eeam Silviam Vestalem ^ legit. Quae quumfilios geminos edidisset, ipsa vincta in custodiam
datur, pueros Amulius in fiuentein aquam mitti
jubet.
Forte quadam Tiberis super ripas effusus erat, nec
ad ipsum flumen usquam adiri poterat, fltaque ii
qui infantes ferebant, velut defuncti regis imperic),
in proxima alluvie pueros exponunt. Vastae tum in
his locis solitudines erant. Fama est, quum aqua
fluitantem alveum, quo expositi erant pueri, in sicco
destituisset, lupam sitientem ex montibus ad pueri-
2 LEGENDS OF
lem vagitum cursum flexisse. Eam mammas infanti-
bus praebentem a magistro regii pecoris inventam
esse. Huic Faustulo® nomen fuisse ferunt, ab eo
Larentiae uxori educandos datos esse.
Ita geniti itaque educati, quum primum adole-
verunt venando peragrabant saltus. Hinc robore
corporibus animisque sumpto, in latrones praeda
onustos impetus faciebant pastoribusque rapta
dividebant. I^um latrones, ob iram praedae amissae,
Remum ex insidiis ceperunt, captum regi Amulio
tradiderunt, dicentes impetus in Numitoris agros
a fratribus fieri. " Itaque Numitori ad supplicium
Remus deditur.
Jam ab initio Faustulo spes fuerat regiam stirpem
apud se educari;nam et expositos esse jussu regis
infantes sciebat, et tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset,
ad id ipsum ^ congruere;sed rem nisi per necessita-
tem aperire noluerat. Jam metu subactus Romulo
rem aperit. Forte et Numitori,® quum in custodia
Remum haberet, audivissetque geminos esse fratres,
memoria nepotum animum tetigerat, et haud procul
erat quin Remum agnosceret. Ita Amulio undique
dolus nectitur. Romulus cum pastoribus in regem
impetum facit, et a domo Numitoris, alia comparata
manu, adjuvat Remus. Ita regem obtruncant,
r^jimitor, postquam juvenes, perpetrata caed^gratulantes ad se pergere vidit, extemplo advocato
concilio, scelera fratris, originem nepotum, caedem
tyranni ostendit. Quum juvenes, per mediam con*
Lesrends—Livy—Face page 3.
Wolf and Twins wiih FaustulusCoin of Sex. Pompeius Faustulus.
B.c. 150-125. (P. 1.)
Bape of che Sabines.Coin of L. Titurius
Sabinus, b.c. 87. (P. 1.)
Head of Romulus (Quirinus).
Coin of 0. Memmius, b.c. 51.
River God Tiber.
Coin of Antoninus Pius. (P. 7.)
Horatius Cocles. Medallion of Antoninus Pius. (P. 7.) (Frofiner.)
ANCIENT ROME. 3
tionem ingressi, avum regem salutassent, vox ex
omni multitudine consentiens Numitori imperium
defert.
Ita re® Albana Numitori permissa, KomulumKemumque cepit cupido urbis condendae in his locis
ubi expositi erant. Ad id magnus Albanorum
Latinorumque numerus, pastores quoque accesserant.
Sed regni cupidine foedum certamen inter fratres
cooitmn_est. Quoniam gemini erant, nec aetate
'""discrimen facere poterant, rem auguriis discernere
constituunt. Palatium Eomulus Remus Aventinum
montem cepit. Priori Remo augurium venisse
fertur sex volucres, jamque nuntiato augurio duplex
numerus Romulo sese ostendit. Ita utrumque sua
multitudo regem salutat. Inde cum altercatione
congressi, ad caedem vertuntur. Ibi Remus in
turba ictus cecMit. jTVulgatior fama est Remumludibrio fratris novos transiluisse muros
;inde ab
irato Romulo interfectum ess^ Ita solus Romulus
imperio potitus, condita urbs conditoris nomine
appellata est.
II. The Rape of the Sabine Women.
Jam res Romana adeo valida erat ut cuilijjet finiti-
marum civitatum bello par esset, sed penuria erat
mulierum, quod Romanis conubia cum finitimis non
erant, tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa
vicinas gentes misit, qui societatem conubiumque
4 LEGENDS OF
novo populo peterent;
nusquam benigne legatio
audita est. Eomani id aegre passi, ad vim spectabant.
Eomulus autem, iram dissimulans, ludos solemnes
Neptuno parat. Indici inde finitimis spectaculum
jubet. Multi mortales studio novae urbis videndae
convenerant, et Sabinorum omnis multitudo cumliberis ac conjugibus adfujere. Ubi spectaculi tempus
venit et mentes omnium cum oculis huic deditae
erant, tum signo dato juventus Eomana ad rapiendas
virgines discurrit. Turbato per metum ludicro,
maesti parentes virginum profugiunt, deum invoc-
antes, cujus ad ludos decepti venissent. Nec raptis
indignatio est minor. Sed Eomulus ipse circumibat,
docebatque superbia patrum id factum esse, qui
conubium finitimis negassent;mollirent modo iras, et
iis animos darent quibus fors corpora dedisset. Jamadmodum mitigati animi raptis erant
;at raptarum
parentes, lacrimis et querelis civitates concitabant,
bellumque a Sabinis ortum es^ Conserto proelio
Sabinae mulieres, quarum ex injuria bellum ortum
erat, crinibus passis scissaque veste ausae sunt se
inter tela vola^ia inferre, et infestas acies dirimere,
hinc patres, hinc viros orantes ne soceri generique se
nefando sanguine respergerent. Movet res quum^multitudinem tum duces. Silentium et repentina fit
quies;inde ad foedus faciendum duces prodeunt, nec
pacem modo sed civitatem unam ex duabus faciunt^
regnum consociant, imperium omne Eomam con-
ferunt.
ANCIENT ROME. 5
III. The Horatii and the Curiatii.
Tullo Hostilio rege bellum inter Eomanos Albanos
que coortum est. Forte in duobus tum exercitibus
erant trigemini fratres, nec aetate nec viribus dis-
pares. Horatios Curiatiosque fuisse constat, incertum
tamen est utrius populi Horatii, utrius Curiatii fuerint.
Plures tamen sunt qui Romanos Horatios vocent.
Cum trigeminis agunt ^ reges ut pro sua quisque
patria ferro dimicent : ibi imperium fore ubi victoria
fuerit. Nihil excusatur; tempus et locus convenit.
Priusquam dimicarent foedus ictum est inter Romanos
et Albanos ut, cujus populi cives eo certamine vicis-
sent, is alteri populo cum bona pace imperitaret.
Foedere icto trigemini arma capiunt. Duo exercitus
utrimque pro castris consederant. Datur signum,
infestisque armis terni juvenes concurrunt. Consertis
deinde manibus, ^ duo Romani, vulneratis tribus
Albanis, interfecti sunt. Ad quorum casum conclam-
avit gaudio Albanus exercitus, Romanas legiones jam
spes tota deseruerat. Is tamen qui ex Romanis super- \fuit forte integer erat
;jergo ut segregaret hostium
pugnam, capessit fugam, eos ita secuturos ratus ut
quemque vulnera sinerent. Jam aliquantum spatii^ex
eo loco ubi pugnatum est aufugerat, quum respiciens
videt magnis intervallis sequentes, unum haud procul
ab sese abesse. In eum magno impetu rediit;
et
dum Albanus exercitus inclamat Curiatiis ut opem
6 LEGENDS OF
ferant fratri, jam Horatius c^o hoste victor secundam
pugnam petebat. Tunc clamore Romani militem
suum adjuvant, et ille defungi proelio festina^
Prius itaque quam alter, qui nec procul aberat, con-
sequi posset, et alterum Curiatium conficit. . Jamque
aequato Marte singuli supererant, sed nec spe nec
viribus par^ Alter ferro intactus et geminata victoria
ferox in certamen tertium i^t, alter vulnere ac cursu
fessus, fratrumque ante se strage victus, hosti victori
objicitur. Nec illud proelium fuit. Romanus exultans,
“ duos,” inquit, “ fratrum manibus dedi, tertium ut
Romanus Albano imperet dabo.” Arma male sustin-
enti gladium jugulo defigit, jacentem spoliat.- Romani
ovantes ac gratulantes Horatium accipiunt eo^ majore
cum gaudio quo prope metum res fuerat. Sepulcra
exstant quo quisque loco accidit, duo Romana uno
loco propius Albam, tria Albana Romam versus, sed
distantia locis ut et pugnatum est.
IV. How Horatius Defende» the Bridge.
B.c. 508 .
The Romans had driven out their kivg, L. Tarquinius, with ali his
family on account of his tyranny. Now the Tarquins were of Etrus-
can origin, so they sought help of their kinsmen in Etruria.
Jam Tarquinii ad Lartem Porsenam, Clusinum regem,
perfugerant, qjiQhantque ne se in exilio vivere pateijg-
tur. Porsena igitur Romam infesto exercitu venit.
Quum hostes adessent, omnes in urbem ex agris demi-
ANCIENT ROME. 7
graverunt, urbem ipsam praesidiis firmaverunt. Pons
Sublicius iter paene hostibus dedit; sed unus vir
Horatius Cocles, qui forte in statione pontis positus
erat, quum Janiculum repentino impetu captum vi-
disset, trepidamque suorum turbam arma ordinesque
relinquere, admonuit ut pontem ferro atque igni inter-
rumperent. Promisit se, quantum vir unus posset,
hostes sustenturum esse. Vadit inde ad primum adi-
tum pontis;duos tamen ex Romanis pudor cum eo
tenuit, Sp. Lartium ac T. Herminium, ^um his pri-
mam periculi procellam parumper sustinuit. Deinde
eos quoque ipsos, exigua parte pontis relicta, in tutum
cedere coegit. Circumferens inde oculos ad proceres
Etruscorum, nunc singulos provocabat, nunc omnes
increpabat. Aliquamdiu cunctati sunt dum alius
deinde commovit aciem, et clamore sublato undique in
unum hostem tela conjiciun^ Quae quum in objecto
scuto cuncta haesissent, neque minus obstinatus ille
pontem obtineret, jam impetu facto virum detrudere
conabantur, quum simul fragor rupti pontis, simul
clamor Romanorum pavore subito impetum sustinui^
Tum Cocles, “Tiberine pater,” inquit, “te precor ut
haec arma et hunc militem propitio flumine accipias.”
Inde armatus in Tiberim desiluit, multisque superinci-
dentibus telis incolumis ad suos tranavit. Grata
erga tantam virtutem civitas fuit;statua Horatii in
comitio posita, agri quantum uno die circumarare
potuit datum est.
alium circumspectat ut proelium Pudor
3 LEGENDS OF
V. The Daring of Mucius Scaevola.
B.O. 608.
Urbe ab Horatio servata, obsidio erat nihilominus
et frumenti inopia, sedendoque expugnaturum se urbem
Porsena sperabat, quum C. Mucius, adolescens nobilis,
magno audacique facinore eam indignitatem^ vindican-
dam' esTe ratus, ''^iia sponte in hostium castra penetrare
constituit. Dein, metuens ne, si consulum injussu et
ignaris omnibus ^ iret, forte deprehensus a custodibus
Romanis retraheretur ut transfuga, senatum adit.)
“Transire Tiberim,” inquit, “patres, et intrare, si
possim, castra hostium Volo, non praedo nec populati-
onum ultor; majus, dis juvantibus, in animo est
facinus.” Approbant patres. Abdito intra vestem
ferro proficiscitur^ Ubi eo venit, in confertissima
turba prope regium tribunal constitit. Ibi quumstipendium militibus forte daretur, et scriba, cum rege
sedens pari fere ornatu, multa ageret, Mucius, timens
sciscitari uter Porsena esset, ne regem ignorando
semet ipse aperiret quis esset, scribam pro rege ob-
truncat. Inde dum per trepidam turbam cruento
mucrone viam sibi ipse facit, regii satellites compre-
hensum 3 retraxerunt. Ante tribunal regis destitutus,
tum quoque inter tantas fortunae minas metuendus
magis quam metuens, “Romanus sum,” inquit “civis*;
C. Mucium vocant. Hostis ^ hostem occidere volui,
nec ad mortem minus animi est quam fuit ad
ANCIENT BOME. 9
caedem. Romanum est et facere et pati. Nec unus
in te hos animos gessi;juventus tibi Romana omnis
bellum indicit. Ne aciem, ne proelium timueris;uni
tibi et cum singulis res erit.” Tum rex simul ira com-
motus periculoque conterritus, ignem circumdari jussit
nisi propere exponeret quas sibi insidias minaret^Mucius autem, ut monstraret se corporis dolorem
nihili facere dextram accenso ad sacrificium foculo
injecit. Rex, tantam fortitudinem miratus, amoveri
ab altaribus juvenem jussit, et liberum inviolatumque
dimisit. Tunc Mucius, “Beneficio,” inquit, “a me id
tulisti quod minis nequisti; trecenti juventutis
Romanae principes conjuravimus ut in te hac via
grassaremur. Mea prima sors fuit; ceteri suo quisque
tempore aderunt.” Huic, quum Romam rediisset,
Scaevolae a clade dextrae manus cognomen datum
est.
VI. The Battle of Lake Regillus.
B.C. 499.
Porsena having made jteace with Pome, Tarquinius went to live
in exile at Tusculum in Latium, and joined the Latins in a warwith Rome, hoping thus to recover his throne.
Aulus Postumius dictator, Titus Aebutius magister
equitum cum magnis copiis peditum equitumque
profecti, lacum Regillum in agro Tusculano agmjhi
hostium odcufrerunt, et quia Tarquinios esse in
exercitu Latinorum auditum est, Romani sustinerh
10 LEGENDS OF
non potuerunt quin extemplo confligerent. Ergo
proelium etiam gravius atque atrocius quam c§^^afuit. Duces enim non modo ad regendam consilio
rem adfuere, sed suis ipsi corporibus dimicaverunt^
nec quisquam ferme procerum hac aut illa ex acie
praeter dictatorem Komanum sine vulnere excessii».
In Postumium suos adhortantem Tarquinius Superbus,
quamquam jam aetate erat gravior, equum admisit,
ictusque ab latere, concursu suorum in tutum receptus
est. Et ad^ alterum cornu Aebutius magister equitum
in Octavium Mamilium ducem Tusculanum impetum
fecit. Hic quoque equum concitat, tantaque vi
concursum est^ ut brachium Aebutio trajectum sit,
Mamilio pectus percussum. . Hunc quidem in secundam
aciem Latini recepere^ Aebutius, quum saucio brachio
telum tenere non posset, pugna excessit. Dux Latinus
vulnere nihil deterritus, proelium renovat, et quia suos
metu perculsos videbat, arcessit cohortem exulum
Romanorum, cui Luci Tarquini filius praeerat. Hi
^ quod majore pugnabant iraob erepta bona patriamque
/ ademptam, pugnam parumper restituerunt.
Referentibus jam pedem Romanis, M. Valerius, con-
spicatusferocemjuvenemTarquinium ostentantem se in
prima exulum acie, subdit calcaria equo, et Tarquinium
^ infesto spiculo petit. Tarquinius retro in agmen
^pruna cessit. Valerium, temere invectum in exulum
aciem, ex transverso adortus transfigit; equo
autem vulnere equitisnon retardato, moribundus
Romanus ad terram defluxit. Dictator Postumius,
ANCIENT ROME. 11
postquan^cecidisse talem virum, exules citato agmine
invehi, suos perculsos cedere fgfilinadk&rtife, 'c
suae, quam praesidii causa circa se habebat, dat
signum ut quem ^ suorum fugientem viderint, illum
pro hoste habeant. Romanis ita a fuga in hostem
versis acies restituta est. Cohors dictatoris tum
primum proelium iniit. Integris corporibus animisque
fessos exules adorti^ caedunt. Ibi alia pugna inter
proceres coorta est. Imperator Latinus, ubi cohortem
exulum a dictatore Romano prope circumventam
vidit, quosdam ex suis in primam aciem secum rapi^
T. Herminius, legatus Romanus, Mamilium veste
armisque noscitans, tanta vi cum hostium duce
proelium iniit ut Mamilium uno ictu per latus trans-
fixum ^ occiderit;
ipse autem, dum corpus hostis
spoliat, jaculo transfixus expiraverit. Tum dictator
ad equites advolat, obtestans ut fesso jam pedite
descendant ex equis, et pugnam ineant. Dicto paruere
;
desiliunt ex equis, provolant in primum. Recipit
extemplo animum pedestri^ acies, postquam juven-
tutis proceres secum partem periculi sustinentes vidit.
Tum demum impulsi Latini, perculsaque inclinavit
acies. Equitibus admoti sunt eq^ ut persequi hostes
possent, secuta est et pedestris acies, tantusque ardor
fuit ut Romani eodem impetu quo fuderant hostem,
castra caperent. Hoc modo ad lacum Regillum
pugnatum est. Dictator et magister equitum
triumphantes in urbem rediere.
12 LEGENDS OF
VII. The Story of Coriolanus.
B.C. 492-488 .
The Volscians were a tribe in Latium who were repeatedly at ivar
with Rome, and were notfinally conquered iill B.G. 338.
Consul ad Volscum bellum missus oppidum Coriolos
magna vi adortus est. Erat tum in castris inter
primores juvenum Cn. Marcius, cui cognomen postea
Coriolano fuit. Dum exercitus Romanus Coriolos
obsidet, sine ullo metu extrinsecus imminentis belli,
legiones Volscae ab Antio profectae invadunt,
eodemque tempore ex oppido eruperunt hoste^
Marcius, qui forte in statione erat, cum delecta
militum manu non modo impetum erumpentium
rgtudit, sed per patentem portam irrupit, caedeque
facta, aedificiis muro imminentibus ignem injecit.
Inde oppidanorum ortus clamor et Romanis auxit
animum et Volscos qui ad ferendam opem venerant,
utpote capta urbe, turbavit. Ita fusi sunt Volsci,
Corioli oppidum captum.
M. Minucio et A. Sempronio consulibus, magna vis
frumenti ex Sicilia advecta est, agitatumque in senatu
quanti ^ plebi daretur. Multi ex patribus venisse
tempus putabant recuperandi jura* quae sibi vi extorta
essent. In primis Marcius Coriolanus, hostis
tribuniciae potestatis, “ si annonam,” inquit, “ veterem
volunt, jus pristinum reddant patribus.” Et senatui
nimis atrox haec sententia visa est, et plebem ira
prope armavit. Tribuni diem Marcio dixerunt, ^ qui
quum die dicta non adesset, damnatus absens in
Weariiig the Paludamentum.Statue in Pal. d. Conservatori.
Etruscan Helmet dedicated by Hiero. In British Museum.
ANCIENT ROME. 13
Volscos exulatum abiit. Venientem Volsci benigne
exceperunt, benigniusque indies colebant. Hospitio
utebatur Atti Tulli, qui longe princeps Volsci nominis
erat, Eomanisque semper infestus. Itaque quum
alterum vetus odium, alterum ira recens stimularet,
consilia de Eomano bello conferunt.
Imperatores ad id bellum a Volscis lecti ''Attius
Tullius et Cn. Marcius, exui Eomanu^ Hic Circeios
profectus, primum colonos^ ' inde Eom^nos expulit
liberamque eam urbem Volscis tradidit. Inde in
Latinam viam transgressus, multa oppida Eomanis
ademit. Postremo_^stris quinque millia ab urbe
positis agrum Eomanum populatur, custodibus
inter populatores missis qui patriciorum agros
intactos servarent, sive plebi infensus, sive ut discordia
inde inter pf.cres plebemque oriretur. Quae profecto
orta esset, sed externus timor, maximum concordiae
vinculum, infensos inter se jungebat animos.
Sp. Nautius et Sex. Furius con.sules erant. Eo^dum legiones recensent et praesidia per muros dis
^
ponunt, multitudo ingens vocare senatum, referre^ de'
legatis ad Cn. Marcium mittenuis coegitr Missi itaque
de pace ad Marcium oratores. Atrox responsum
retulerunt; si Volscis ager redderetur, posse agi de
pace ; si praeda belli per otium frui vellent, se
enisurum ut appareret non fractum exilio sibi animumesse. Sacerdotes quoque ivisse supplices ad castra
hostium traditum est, nec magis quam legatos Marci
animum flex/fye
14 LEGENDS OF
Tum matropae ad Veturiam., matrem /Coriolani,
Volumniamque' Uxorem frequentes coeunt. Pervicere
ut et Veturia, magno natu mulier, et Volumnia duos
parvos filios secum ferens in castra hostium irent, et
quoniam armis viri defendere urbem non possent,
mulieres precibus lacrimisque defenderent. Ubi ad
castra ventum est, nuntiatumque Coriolano est adesse
ingens mulierum agmen, primo, qui neque a legatis
neque a sacerdotibus motus esset, multo obstinatior
adversus lacrimas muliebres erat. Deinde familiarium
quidam, qui Veturiam inter ceteras cognoverat inter
nurum nepotesque stantem, “ Nisi me frustrantur,”
inquit, “ oculi, mater tibi conjuxque et liberi adsunt.”
Coriolanus quum matri complexum ferret, mulier in
iram ex precibus versa, “ Sine, priusquam complexum
accipio,” inquit, “ sciam utrum ad filium l n ad hostem
venerim, captiva materne in castris tuis sim.” Uxor
deinde ac liberi amplexi, fletusque ab omni turba ortus
virum tandem fregere. Complexus inde suos dimittit
;
ipse retro ab urbe castra movit. Abductis deinde
legionibus ex agro Romano, alii alio^ leto periisse
eum tradunt.
VIII. The War of the Fabii witi< Tti£ P|:ople
OF Veii. b.c. 479, 478.
Veii was one of the most powerful cities of Etruria. In Nos. XI.
and XII. itsfinal conquest hy Home toill be related.
Eo tempore neque pax neque bellum cum Veientibus
fuit. Res in latrocinium venerat;legionibus Romanis
Legends—Livy—Face pago 15
Etruscan Warrior. Bronze Statuette in the British Museum
ANCIENT ROME. 15
cedebant in urbem;ubi abductas senserant legiones,
agros incursabant. Ita neque omitti res neque perfici
poterat.
Tum Fabia gens senatum adit;consul pro gente
loquitur :—“ Assiduo magis quam magno praesidio, ut
scitis, patres conscripti, i bellum Veiens eget. Yos
alia bella curate, Fabios hostes Veientibus date. Sic
tuta majestas Romani nominis erit. Id velut familiare
bellum privato sumptu gerere nobis in animo est.”
Gratiae ingentes actae. Consul e curia egressus comi-
tante Fabiorum agmine, qui in vestibulo curiae
senatus consultum expectantes steterant, domumrediit. Jussi armati postero die ad limen consulis
adesse. Domos inde discedunt.
Fabii postero die arma capiunt;quo jussi erant
conveniunt. Consul paludatus egrediens in vestibulo
gentem omnem suam instructo agmine videt; acceptus
in medium signa ferri jubet. Nunquam exercitus
neque minor numero neque clarior fama et admir-
atione hominum per urbem incessit. Sex et trecenti
milites, quorum neminem ducem sperneres, ibant,
unius familiae viribus Veienti populo pestem mini-
tantes. Quibus Capitolium arcemque et alia templa
praetereuntibus, magna sequentium turba deos pre-
catur ut illud agmen faustum atque felix mittant,
sospites brevi in patriam ad parentes restituant.
Incassum missae preces. Infelici via, dextro Jano^
portae Carmentalis profecti, ad Cremeram flumen
perveniunt. Is opportunus locus communiendo prae-
sidio visus est.
16 LEGENDS OF
L. Aemilius inde et C. Servilius consules facti. Et
donec in populationibus res erat, non ad praesidium
modo tutandum Fabii satis erant, sed tota regione
qua Tuscus ager Eomano adjacet, sua tuta omnia,
infesta^ hostium fecere. Intervallum deinde haud
magnum populationibus fuit, dum et Veientes, accito
ex Etruria exercitu, praesidium Cremerae oppugnant,
et Eomanae legiones, ab L. Aemilio consule adductae,
cominus cum Etruscis acie dimicant. Veientibus vix
spatium fuit aciem dirigendi;
ita fusi ad Saxa Eubra
—ibi castra habebant—pacem supplices petunt, cujus
impetratae mox eos paenituit. Eursus cum Fabiis
erat Veienti^ populo certamen. Nec erant incur-
siones modo in agros, aut subiti impetus in incursantes,
sed aliquotiens aequo campo collatisque signis ^ cer-
tatum est;
gensque una populi Eomani saepe ex
opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit. Id
primo acerbum indignumque Veientibus est visumj
inde consilium natum est insidiis ferocem hostem
captandi. Gaudebant etiam multo successu Fabiis
audaciam crescere. Itaque et pecora praedantibus
aliquotiens obviam acta sunt, velut casu incidissent,
et agrestium fuga vasti relicti sunt agri, et subsidia
armatorum, ad arcendas populationes missa, saepius
simulato quam vero pavore refugerunt. Jamque Fabii
adeo contempserant hostem ut sua arma neque loco
neque tempore ullo sustineri posse crederent. Haec
spes eos provexit ut ad pecora procul a Cremera con-
specta decurrerent, quamquam rara hostium arma
ANCIENT ROME. 17
apparebant. Quum improvidi effuso cursu insidias
circa ipsum iter locatas superassent, et vaga pecora
raperent, subito ex insidiis undique consurgunt
hostes. Fabii, clamore exterriti, et jam agmine arma-
torum saepti, cogebantur in spatium brevissimum se
colligere;quae res et paucitatem eorum et multi-
tudinem Etruscorum insignem faciebat. Tum omissa
pugna, quam in omnes partes intenderant, in unumlocum se omnes inclinant. Eo nisi corporibus armis-
que rupere viam. Duxit via in editum leniter collem.
Inde primo restitere;mox, ut respirandi spatium
superior locus dedit, pepulere etiam subeuntes,
vicissetque auxilio loci paucitas, nisi jugo circummissi
Veientes in verticem collis evasissent. Ita superior
rursus factus hostis. Fabii caesi ad unum omnes,
praesidiumque expugnatum. Trecentos sex periisse
constat, unum prope puberem relictum, stirpem genti
Fabiae, dubiisque rebus populi Romani maximumfuturum auxilium.
5
IX. The Story of Cincinnatus.
B.c. 458.
Tke Aequi were a tribe living on the eastern boundary ofLatium,
and like the Volsci constantly at war with Rome.
Consul Minucius, quum in fines Aequorum exerci-
tum duxisset, nulla clade accepta in castris se
pavidus tenebat. Quod ubi senserunt hostesjj^revit
ex metu alieno, ut fit,,audacialpeT~no^ adorti
18 LEQENDS OF
castra, postquam vis aperta parum profecerat
munitiones postero die circumdant. Quae prius
quam omnem clauderent exitum, quinque equites
inter stationes hostium emissi, Eornam pertulere
consulem exercitumque obsideri. Nihil tam inopina-
tum nec tam insperatum accidere potuit. Itaque
tantus pavor, tanta trepidatio fuit, quanta, si urbem,
non castra, hostes obsiderent. Quum dictatorem
dici placuisset 1 qui rem perculsam restitueret, L.
Quinctius Cincinnatus consensu omnium dicitur.
L. Quinctius, spes unica imperii populi Eomani,
trans Tiberim agrum quatuor jugerum colebat, quae
prata Quinctia vocantur. Ibi, operi agresti in-
tentus, ab legatis rogatus ut mandata senatus togatus
audiret, togam e tugurio proferre uxorem jubet.
Qua velatus simulae pulvere et sudore absterso pro-
cessit, dictatorem eum legati gratulantes salutant;in
urbem vocant; qui terror sit in exercitu exponunt.
Navis Quinctio publice parata fuit, transvectumque
tres filii, obviam egressi, excipiunt, inde alii pro-
pinqui atque amici, tum patrum major pars. Ante-
cedentibus lictoribus domum deductus est;
et illa
quidem nocte vigilatum est in urbe.
Postero die dictator, quum ante lucem in forum
venisset, magistrum equitum dicit L. Tarquitium
patriciae gentis, qui bello longe primus Eomanae
juventutis habitus est. Cum magistro equitum in
contionem venit, justitium edicit, claudi tabernas
tota urbe jubet, vetat quemquam privatae quidquam
Legends—LIvy—Face page IS.
Currus Triumphalis.Ooin of the Emperor Tiberius,
Oedication of Spolia Opima. Coin of Marcellinusj with Portrait of Marcellus.
1
ANCIENT ROME. 19
rei agere. Tum imperavit omnibus qui aetate mili-
tari 2 essent ut armati cum cibariis in dies quinque
coctis, vallisque duodenis ante solis occasum Martis
in Campo adessent. Ceteros quibus aetas ad mili-
tandum gravior esset militibus cibaria coquere jussit.
Sic juventus ad vallos petendos discurrit./Sumpsere
unde 3 cuique proximum fuit;
prohibitus nemo est,
impigreque ad edictum dictatoris praesto fuere.
Inde composito agmine legiones ipse dictator,
magister equitum suos equites ducit. Media nocte
in Algidum perveniunt, et ut sensere se jam prope
hostes esse, signa constii
Jbi dictator, equo
castrorum, quantum nocte prospici poterat, con-
templatus, tribunis militum imperavit ut sarcinas
in unum conjici juberent, militem cum armis val-
lisque in ordines suos redire. I Facta sunt quae
imperavit. Tum exercitum omnem longo agmine
circumdat hostium castris, et, ubi signum datum sit,
clamorem omnes tollere jubet, clamore sublato ante
se quemque ducere fossam, et jacere vallum. Jussa
miles exsequitur;
clamor hostes circumsonat
;
superat inde castra hostium et in castra consulis
venit : alibi ^ pavorem, alibi gaudium ingens facit.
Consul, civium esse clamorem atque auxilium adesse
ratus, suos arma capere et se subsequi jubet.
Nocte proelium initum est. Aequi, ab exteriore ad
interiorem hostem versi, dictatori noctem ad opus
perficiendum dedere;pugnatumque cum consule ad
circumvectus, ^formamque
20 LEGENDS OF
lucem est. Prima luce jam circumvallati ab di-ctatore
erant, et vix adversus Unum exercitum pugnamsustinebant. Tum hostes, ancipiti malo urgente
a profilio ad preces versi, hinc dictatorem, hinc
consulem orare, ^ ne in occidione victoriam ponerent,
ut inermes se inde abire sinerent. Dictator Grac-
chum Cloelium ducem principesque alios vinctos ad
se adduci jube^ Negat se sanguinis Aequorum
egere;
licere abire;sed ut exprimatur tandem con-
fessio subactam domitamque esse gentem, sub
jugum® abituros. Tribus hastis jugum fit, duabus
humi fixis, superque eas una transversa deligata.
Sub hoc jugo dictator Aequos misit.
Castris hostium receptis plenis omnium rerum
—
nudos enim emiserat—praedam omnem suo tantum
militi dedit; consularem exercitum ipsumque con-
sulem increpans;
“ Carebis,” inquit, “ praedae parte,
miles, ex eo hoste cui prope praedae fuisti : et
tu, L. Minuci, donec consularem animum incipias
habere, legatus his legionibus praeeris.” Ita se
Minucius abdicat consulatu, jussusque ad exercitum
manet. Romae senatus a Q. Fabio, praefecto urbis,
habitus ® triumphantem Quinctium urbem ingredi
jussit. Ducti ante currum hostium duces, militaria
signa praelata, secutus exercitus praeda onustus.
Epulae instructae esse dicuntur ante omnium domo.s,
epulantesque cum carmine triumphali currum secuti
sunt. Quinctius sexto decimo die dictatura in sex
menses accepta se abdicavit.
ANCIENT ROME. 21
^ How Cossus WoN THE Spolia Opima.
B.C. 437 .
Hoc anno Fidenae, colonia Komana, ad Lartem Tolum-
nium Veientium regem defecere. Majus additum est
defectioni scelus;legatos Eomanos, causam novi con-
silii quaerentes, jussu Tolumnii interfecerunt. CumVeientibus Fidenatibusque atrox dimicatio instabat.
Consules creantur M. Geganius Macerinus tertium,
^
et L. Sergius Fidenas; quem credo a bello quod
deinde gessit appellatum esse. Hic enim primus cis
Anienem flumen cum rege Veientium secundo proelio
conflixit nec incruentam victoriam retulit. Major
itaque ex civibus amissis dolor quam laetitia fusis
hostibus fuit;
et senatus, ut in trepidis rebus, dicta-
torem dici Mamercum Aemilium jussit. Is magistrum
equitum L. Quinctium Cincinnatum, dignum parente
juvenem dixit. Ad delectum a consulibus habitum
centuriones veteres belli periti adjecti sunt, et numerus
amissorum proxima pugna expletus. Dictator inde
hostes ex agro Eomano trans Anienem submovit,
collesque inter Fidenas atque Anienem cepit, nec ante
in campos degressus est quam legiones Faliscorum
auxilio venerunt. Tum demum castra Etruscorum
pro moenibus Fidenarum posita sunt; et dictator
haud procul inde ad confluentes consedit, vallo in
ripis utriusque amnis interposito. Postero die suos
in aciem eduxit.
22 LEGENDS OF
Inter hostes variae fuere sententiae. Faliscus*
procul ab domo militiam aegre patiens, satisque
sibi fidens, pugnam poscere Veienti Fidenatique
plus spei in trahendo bello esse. Tolumnius,
quamquam suorum magis placebant consilia, postero
tamen die se pugnaturum edixit ne longinquam mili-
tiam non paterentur Falisci. Dictatori et Romanis,
quod detrectasset pugnam hostis, animi accessere;
posteroque die acies utrimque inter bina^ castra in
medium campi procedunt. Veiens, multitudine abun-
dans, post montes circummisit qui® inter dimicationem
castra Romana aggrederentur. Trium populorum
exercitus ita stetit instructus ut dextrum cornu
Veientes, sinistrum Falisci tenerent, medii Fidenates
essent. Dictator dextro cornu adversus Faliscos,
sinistro contra Veientem Capitolinus Quinctius in-
tulit ® signa;ante mediam aciem cum equitatu magis-
ter equitum processit. Parumper silentium et quies
fuit, Etruscis non, nisi cogerentur, pugnam inituris,
et dictatore arcem Romanam respectante ut ex ea ab
auguribus, simul atque aves rite admisissent, ex com-
posito tolleretur signum. Quod ubi conspexit, pri-
mos equites clamore sublato in hostem emisit. Secuta
peditum acies ingenti vi conflixit. Nulla parte
legiones Etruscae sustinuere impetum Romanorum.
Eques maxime resistebat, equitumque longe fortissi-
mus ipse rex certamen trahebat.
Erat tum inter equites Romanos tribunus quidam
militum, A. Cornelius Cossus, eximia pulcritudine
ANCIENT ROME. 23
corporis, animo ac viribus par. memorque generis,
quod amplissimum acceptum majus reliquit posteris.
Is quum ad impetum Tolumnii trepidantes Romanas
turmas videret, insignemque eum regio habitu tota
acie volitantem cognosset;
“ Hiccine est,^’ inquit,
“ruptor foederis humani violatorque juris gentium
jam ego hanc mactatam victimam, si modo sancti
quidquam in terris esse, di volunt, legatorum Mani-
bus dabo.” Calcaribus subditis infesto cuspide in
unum fertur hostem. Quem quum equo dejecisset,
confestim et ipse hasta innixus se in pedes ex-
cepit. Adsurgentem ibi regem umbone resupinat,
repetitumque saepius cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tumexsangui detracta sunt spolia; caputque abscisum
victor spiculo gerens terrore caesi regis hostes fudit.
Ita equitum quoque fusa acies, quae una fecerat
anceps certamen. Dictator legionibus fugatis instat,
et ad castra compulsos caedit. Fidenatium plurimi
locorum notitia effugere in montes. Cossus Tiberim
cum equitatu transvectus ex agro Veientano ingentem
praedam ad urbem detulit. Inter proelium et ad
castra Romana pugnatum est adversus partem copi-
arum ab Tolumnio, ut ante dictum est, ad castra
missam. Fabius Yibulanus vallum defendit, deinde
porta principali dextra cum triariis egressus, hostes
in vallum intentos repente invadit. Quo pavore in-
jecto caedes minor, quia pauciores erant, fuga non
minus trepida quam in acie fuit.
Omnibus locis re bene gesta, dictator senatus con-
24 LEGENDS OF
suito decretoque populi triumphans in urbem rediit.
Longe maximum triumphi spectaculum fuit Cossus,
spolia opima ^ regis interfecti gerens. In eum milites
carmina incondita cum Romulo aequantes canebant.
Spolia in aede Jovis Feretrii prope Romuli spolia,
quae prima opima appellata erant, cum solemni dedi-
catione fixit; averteratque in se a curru dictatoris
civium ora, et ejus diei gloriam prope solus tulerat.
The Prophecy about the Alban Lake.
B.c. 397.
Jam Romani Veientesque in armis erant, tanta
ira odioque ut victis finem adesse appareret. Quumspes major imperatoribus Romanis in obsidione quamin oppugnatione esset, hibernacula etiam, res nova
militi Romano, aedificari coepta sunt,^ consiliumque
erat hiemando continuare bellum. Prodigia interim
multa nuntiata sunt, quorum pleraque parum credita;
in unum curae omnium versae sunt, quod lacus in
Albano nemore sine ullis caelestibus aquis, causave
qua alia, quae rem miraculo eximeret, in altitudinem
insolitam crevit. Oratores ad oraculum Delphicum
missi rogatum quidnam eo prodigio di portenderent.
Sed propior interpres fatis oblatus est, senior qui-
dam Veiens, qui inter cavillantes in stationibus ac
custodiis milites Romanos Etruscosque cecinit, prius-
quam ex lacu Albano aqua emissa foret, nunquampotituros Veis Romanos. Quod primo sperni, deinde
ANCIENT ROME. 25
agitari in sermonibus coeptum est, donec unus ex
statione Eomana, proximum oppidanorum percunc-
tatus est quisnam is esset qui per ambages de lacu
Albano locutus esset. Postquam audivit haruspicem
esse, vatem ad colloquium elicuit, Quumque ambo
inermes sine ullo metu longius a suis progressi essent,
praevalens juvenis Romanus senem infirmum in om-
nium conspectu raptum ad suos transtulit. Qui
quum perductus ad imperatorem, inde Romam ad
senatum missus esset, rogantibus, quidnam id esset
quod de lacu Albano docuisset, respondit sic libris
fatalibus, sic disciplina Etrusca traditum esse, ut
quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum si eam Romanus’
rite emisisset, victoriam de Veientibus dari; ante-
quam id fiat, deos moenia Yeientium deserturos non
esse. Sed patres auctorem levem rati, nec super
tanta re satis fidum, decrevere legatos sortesque
oraculi Pythici expectandas.
Cetera bella, maximeque Yeiens, incerti exitus
erant;jamque Romani, desperata ope humana, fata
et deos spectabant, quum legati ab Delphis venerunt
sortem oraculi afferentes congruentem responso captivi
vatis :“ Romane, cave aquam Albanam lacu contineri,
cave in mare manare suo flumine sinas. Emissam per
agros rigabis, dissipatamque rivis extingues. Tum tu
audax insiste hostium muris;memento ex ea urbe,
quam per tot annos obsides, victoriam tibi his, quae
nunc panduntur, fatis datum. Bello perfecto donumamplum victor ad mea templa portato.”
26 LEGENDS OF
The Fall of Yeil.
B.C. 396.
Jam ex lacu Albano aqua in agros emissa est,
Veiosque fata appetebant. Igitur M. Furius Camillus,
fatalis dux ad excidium illius urbis, dictator dictus
magistrum equitum P. Cornelium Scipionem dixit.
Omnia repente mutaverant ^ imperatore mutato : alia
spes, alius animus hominum, fortuna quoque urbis
alia videri. Camillus, delectu in certam diem indicto,
ipse interim Veios ad confirmandos militum animos
intercurrit;inde Pomam ad conscribendum novum
exercitum redit, nullo detractante militiam. Peregrina
etiam juventus, Latini Hernicique operam suam
pollicentes ad id bellum venere;quibus quum gratias
in senatu egisset dictator, satis jam omnibus ad id
bellum paratis, ludos magnos Veis captis se facturum
ex senatus consulto vovit. Profectus cum exercitu ab
urbe, primum cum Faliscis et Capenatibus signa con-
fert. Omnia ibi summo consilio acta fortuna etiam
secuta est. Non proelio tantum hostes fudit, sed
castris quoque exuit, ingentique praeda est potitus.
Inde Veios exercitus ductus est. Operum fuit omnium
longe maximum ac laboriosissimum cuniculus in arcem
hostium agi coeptus. Quod ne intermitteretur opus,
neu sub terra continuus labor eosdem conficeret, in
partes sex munitorum numerum divisit ; senae horae
in orbem operi attributae sunt, nocte ac die nunquam
ante omissus labor quam in arcem viam facerent.
ANGIENT ROME, 27
Dictator quum jam in manibus videret victoriam
esse, urbem opulentissimam capi, tantumque praedae
fore quantum non omnibus ante bellis fuisset, literas
ad senatum misit: deum immortalium benignitate, suis
consiliis, patientia militum Veios jam fore in potestate
populi Eomani;quid de praeda faciendum censerent 1
Duae senatum distinebant sententiae, altera senis P.
Licini, cui placuit palam populo edici, ut qui particeps
esse praedae vellet, in castra Veios iret;altera Appi
Claudii qui auctor erat stipendii ex ea pecunia militi
numerandi, ut eo minus tributi plebes conferret.
Licini tutior visa sententia est quae popularem senatum
faceret. Edictum itaque est, ad praedam Veientem,
qui vellent, in castra ad dictatorem proficiscerentur.
Ingens profecta multitudo replevit castra. Tumdictator, quum edixisset ut arma milites caperent,
“ tuo ductu,” inquit, “ Pythice Apollo, tuoque
numine instinctus, pergo ad delendam urbem Veios,
tibique decimam partem praedae voveo.” Inde ab
omnibus locis urbem aggreditur quo minor periculi
ab cuniculo ingruentis sensus hostibus esset. Veientes
ignari se jam a suis vatibus, jam ab externis oraculis
proditos esse, seque ultimum illum diem agere, neque
suspicantes subruti^ cuniculo moenibus arcem jamplenam hostium esse, in muros discurrunt.
Inseritur huic loco fabula : immolante rege Veien-
tium, haruspicem dixisse ei victoriam dari qui exta ejus
hostiae prosecuisset. Hanc vocem, in cuniculo exaudi-
tam, movisse Romanos milites ut aperto cuniculo exta
23 LEGENDS OF
raperent et ad dictatorem ferrent. Sed hanc fabulam
neque affirmare neque refellere operae pretium est.^
Cuniculus, delectis militibus eo tempore plenus, in aede
Junonis, quae in Veientana arce erat, armatos repente
edidit. Et pars hostes in muros aversos invadunt
;
pars claustra portarum revellunt;pars, quum ex tectis
saxa tegulaeque a mulieribus ac servitiis jacerentur,
inferunt ignes. Clamor omnia variis terrentium ac
paventium vocibus, mixto mulierum ac puerorum
ploratu complet. Momento temporis dejectis ex muro
undique armatis, patefactisque portis, alii agmine
irruunt, alii desertos scandunt muros; urbs hostibus
impletur, omnibus locis pugnatur. Deinde multa jam
edita caede senescit pugna, et dictator praecones edicere
jubet ut ab inermi abstineatur.^ Is finis sanguinis fuit.
Dedi inde inermes coepti, et ad praedam miles permissu
dictatoris discurrit. Atque ille dies caede hostium ac
direptione urbis opulentissimae est consumptus. Hic
Veiorum occasus fuit, urbis opulentissimae Etrusci
nominis,^ magnitudinem suam vel ultima clade indi-
cantis, quod decem aestates hiemesque continuas
circumsessa, quum plus cladium intulisset quam
accepisset, postremo, jam fato quoque urgente,
operibus non vi expugnata est. •
Romam ut nuntiatum est Veios captos, velut ex
insperato immensum gaudium fuit, et priusquam
senatus decerneret, plena omnia templa Romanarum
matrum grates dis agentium erant. Senatus in
quatriduum supplicationes decernit. Adventus quoque
ANCIENT ROME. 29
dictatoris, omnibus ordinibus obviam effusis, et
celebratior quam ullius umquam antea fuit, trium-
phusque consuetum honorandi illius diei modumexcessit. Maxime conspectus ipse est, curru equis
albis juncto urbem invectus : idque parum non civile
modo sed humanum etiam ^ visum, est, triumphusque
ob eam unam rem clarior quam gratior fuit. TumJunoni reginae templum in Aventino locavit,
dedicavitque Matutae Matris. Atque his divinis
humanisque rebus gestis dictatura se abdicavit.
XIII. The Coming of the Gauls.
B.C. 391.
Hoc anno M. Caedicius, de plebe quidam, nuntiavit
tribunis se in nova via, ubi nunc sacellum est supra
aedem Vestae vocem noctis silentio audisse clariorem
hui^aha^' quae dici juberet Gallos
adventare. Id, ut fit, propter auctoris humilitatem
sjpretum . et quod longinqua eoque ignotior gens erat.
Neque deorum modo monita spreta sunt, sed humanamquoque opem,^ quae una erat, M. Furium Camillum
ab urbe amovere. Qui, did?^ dict^ ab L. Apuleio
tribuno plebis propter praedam Veientanam, filio
quoque adolescente per idem tempus orbatus, in
exilium abiit, precatus .ab dis immortalibus ut primo
quoque tempore ^ sui desiderium civitati ingratae
facerent.
Expulso cive, quo manente, si quidquam rerum
30 LEGENDS OF
humanarum certum est, capi Eoma non potuerat,
legati ab Clusinis veniunt auxilium adversus Gallos
petentes. Ea gens traditur dulcedine frugum,
maximeque vini, nova tum voluptate, capta Alpes
transisse agrosque ab Etruscis ante cultos occupavisse.
Clusini, novo bello exterriti, quum multitudinem,
quum formas hominum invisitatas cernerent, audirent-
que saepe ab iis cis et ultra Padum legiones Etrus-
corum fusas, quamquam adversus Eomanos nullum iis
jus societatis amicitiaeve erat, legatos Eomam, qui
auxilium ab senatu peterent, misere. De auxilio
nihil impetratum;
legati M. Fabii Ambusti filii
missi, qui nomine senatus populique Eomani cum Gallis
agerent, ne socios populi Eomani atque amicos oppug-
narent. Eomanis eos, si res cogeret, tuendos esse_f‘^
sed melius visum esse bellum ipsum amoveri, si posset,
et Gallos, novam gentem, pace potius cognosci quam
armis.
Mitis ea legatio, ni feroces legatos Gallisque magis
quam Eomanis similes habuisset. Quibus, postquam
mandata ediderunt in concilio Gallorum, hoc respon-
sum datum est. Etsi novum nomen audiant Eoman-
orum, tamen credere viros fortes esse, quorum auxilium
a Clusinis in re trepida sit imploratum jet quoniam
legatione adversus se maluerint quam armis tueri
socios, ne se quidem pacem quam illi afierant aspernari,
si Gallis agro egentibus, quem latius possideant quafn
colant Clusini, partem finium concedant. Aliter
pacem impetrari non posse. Se et responsum Clusin-
Legends—Livy—Face page 31.
Gaulish Helmet from N. Italy.
(Bertrard, Avdrdol. Celt. et GavJ
ANCIENT BOME. 31
oram coram Romanis accipere velle, et, si negetur
ager, coram iisdem Romanis dimicaturos, ut domumnuntiare possent quantum Galli ceteros mortales
virtute praestarent. Mox accensis utrimque animis
ad arma discurritur et proelium conseritur. Ibi legati
contra jus gentium arma capiunt. Nec id clam esse
potuit, quum ante signa Etruscorum tres fortissimi
nobilissimique Romanae juventutis pugnarent. Quin
etiam Q. Fabius, evectus extra aciem, ducem Gal-
lorum equo in ipsa signa Etruscoruin-incursantem per
latus transfixum hasta occiditJ^Spolia ejus legentem
Galli agnovere, perque totarfiaciem Romanum legatum
esse signum datum est. Omissa inde in Clusinos ira
receptui canunt ^ minitantes Romanis. Erant qui
extemplo Romam eundum esse censerent;
vicere
seniores, ut legati prius mitterentur questum injurias
postulatumque ut pro jure gentium violato Fabii
dederentur. Quum legati Gallorum ea, sicut erant
mandata, exposuissent, Fabiorum factum senatui non
placebat, et jus postulare barbari videbantur. Sed
ambitio obstabat ne id quod placebat decernerent in
tantae nobilitatis viris. Itaque, ne penes ipsos culpa
esset cladis forte Gallico bello acceptae, cognitionem
de postulatis Gallorum ad populum rejiciunt. Ibi
tanto plus gratia atque opes valebant ut ii quorum de
poena agebatur, tribuni militum consulari potestate
in sequentem annum crearentur. Quo facto Galli,
haud secus quam dignum erat infensi, bellum palam
minantes ad suos redeunt.
32 LEGENDS OF
XIV. The Battle of the Aelia.
B.C. 390.
Galli, postquam accepere honorem habitum viola-
toribus juris gentium, elusamque legationem suam
esse, flagrantes ira, cujus impotens est gens, con-
festim signis convulsis citato agmine iter ingrediuntur.
Quum urbes exterritae ad arma concurrerent, fugaque
agrestium fieret, Romam se ire magno clamore signi-
ficabant, quacumque ibant equis virisque late fusis
immensum spatium obtinentes. Sed antecedente fama
nuntiisque Clusinorum, plurimum terroris Romamhostium celeritas tulit, quibus, exercitu raptim ducto,
aegre ad undecimum lapidem occursum est, qua
flumen Allia, Crustuminis montibus praealto defluens
alveo haud multum infra viam Tiberino amni miscetur.
Jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, et
gens in vanos tumultus nata truci cantu clamoribusque
variis cuncta horrendo sono compleverant.
Tribuni militum non loco castris ante capto, non
praemunito vallo, quo receptus esset, instruunt aciem
in cornua diductam ^ ne multitudine hostium circum-
veniri possent. Nec tamen aequari frontes poterant,
quum extenuando mediam aciem infirmam et vix
cohaerentem haberent. Editus erat ab dextera locus
quem subsidiariis repleri placuit;eaque res ut initium
pavoris ac fugae, sic una salus fugientibus fuit. NamBrennus, Gallorum regulus, in paucitate hostium
ANCIENT ROME. 33
artem ^ maxime timens, in subsidiarios signa convertit,
haud dubius, si eos loco depulisset facilem in aequo
campo victoriam fore. Adeo non fortuna modo sed
ratio etiam cum barbaris stabat.^ In altera acie nihil
simile Romanis, non apud duces, non apud milites
erat. Pavor fugaque occupaverat animos, et tanta
omnium rerum oblivio ut multo major pars Veios
quam recto itinere Romam ad conjuges ac liberos
fugerent. Parumper subsidiarios tutatus est locus
in reliqua acie^ simul atque auditus est hostium
clamor, non modo non tentato certamine sed ne
clamore quidem reddito, integri intactique fugerunt.
Nec ulla caedes pugnantium fuit; terga caesa suo
ipsorum certamine in turba fugam impedientium.
Circa ripam Tiberis, quo armis abjectis totum sinis-
trum cornu defugit, magna strages facta est ; multos-
que imperitos nandi aut loricis aliisque tegminibus
impeditos hausere gurgites. Maxima tamen pars
incolumis Veios perfugit, unde ne nuntius quidem
cladis Romam missus est. Ab dextro cornu, quod
procul a flumine et magis sub monte steterat, Romamomnes petiere, et ne clausis quidem portis urbis in
arcem confugerunt. Gallos quoque, velut obstupe-
factos, miraculum victoriae tam repentinae tenuit.
Et ipsi pavore deflxi primum steterunt velut ignari
quid accidisset;
deinde insidias vereri;
postremo
caesorum spolia legere, armorumque cumulos, ut
mos iis est, coacervare. Tum demum, postquam
nihil usquam hostile cernebatur, viam ingressi
34 LEGENDS OF
haud multo ante solis occasum ad urbem Romamperveniunt.
XV. The Burning of Rome by the Gauls.
B.C. 390.
Romani, quum major pars ex acie Veios petisset,
neminem superesse rati praeter eos qui Romam refug-
erant, totam urbem lamentis impleverunt. Privatos
deinde luctus stupefecit publicus pavor, postquam
hostes adesse nuntiatum est. Mox ululatus cantusque
dissonos barbarorum circa moenia vagantium audie-
bant. Quum spes nulla esset, tam parva relicta manu,
urbem defendi posse, placuit cum conjugibus ac liberis
juventutem militarem senatusque robur in arcem
Capitoliumque concedere, armisque et frumento collato
deos hominesque et nomen Romanum defendere. Si
arx Capitoliumque, sedes deorum, si senatus, caput
publici consilii, si militaris juventus superesset, levem
esse jacturam seniorum turbaeque in urbe utique peri-
turae. ^ Et quo id aequiore animo plebis multitudo
ferret, senes consulares dicebant se simul cum illis obi-
turos, nec his corporibus, quibus arma ferre non pos-
sent, inopiam armatorum oneraturos.
Inde seniores morti destinati agmen juvenum in
Capitolium prosequebantur, eorum virtuti fortunam
urbis commendantes. Plebis maxima pars, quam nec
capere tam exiguus collis, nec in tanta frumenti inopia
alere poterat, ex urbe §|[uga, uno agmine Janiculum
ANCIENT EOME. 35
petiit. Inde pars per agros dilapsi, pars urbes petunt
[
finitimas, sine ullo duce aut consensu, suum quisque
consilium exsequentes. Flamen interea Quirinalis
virginesque Vestales quae sacrorum secum ferre non
I poterant in sacello prope flaminis aedes defodiunt,
j
cetera, partito inter se onere, via quae ducit ad Jani-
culum ferunt. Eas quum L. Albinius, de plebe
Eomana homo, conspexisset, plaustro conjugem ac
liberos habens, irreligiosum ratus sacerdotes pub-
licos sacraque populi Eomani pedibus ire ferrique,i se
autem ac suos in vehiculo conspici, descendere uxorem
ac pueros jussit, virgines sacraque in plaustrum im;
posuit et Caere pervexit.
Eomae interim, omnibus jam ad tuendam arcem
paratis, turba seniorum domos rqgressa adventum
hostium ojistinato ad mortem animo expectabat.
Qui eorum curules gesserant magistratus, augustis-
sima veste vestiti medio aedium eburneis sejlis
ged^e. Galli ingressi postero die urbem patente
Collina porta in forum perveniunt, circuinferentes
oculos ad templa deum, arcemque solam belli speciem
tenentem. Inde modico relicto praesidio, ne quis
ex arce impetus fieret, dilapsi ad praedam, vacuis viis
pars in proxima tecta ruunt, pars ultima petunt.
Inde rursus ipsa solitudine exterriti, ne qua fraus
hostilis vagos exciperet, in forum ac propinqua foro
loca redibant;ubi plebis aedificiis obseratis, patenti-
bus atriis principum, major prope cunctatio tenebat
aperta quam clausa invadendi. |3^enerabundi intue-
36 LEGENDS OF
bantur viros in aediujn vestibulis sedentes, qui
praeter cumatum habitumque, m^estate etiam qrisque
gravitate dis simillimi videbantur. Ad eos velut
simulaora y^rsi quum starent, M. Papirius unus ex
senatoribus Gallum barbam suam permulcentem sci-
pione eburneo percussisse dicitur;atque ab eo initium
caedis ortum, ceteros in sedibus suis trucidatos. Post
principum caedem nulli deinde mortalium parcitur,
tecta diripiuntur, exhaustis ignes injiciuntur.
XVI. The Siege of the Citadel, and Defeat of
THE Gauls by Camillus, b.c. 390.
Galli, quum inter incendia ac ruinas captae urbis
nihil superesse praeter armatos hostes viderent, impe-
tum in arcem facere statuunt. Prima luce signo dato
multitudo omnis in foro instruitur;inde clamore sub-
lato ac testudine^ facta subeunt. Adversus quos
Eomani, stationibus ad omnes aditus firmatis, scan-
dere hostem sinunt;quo magis in arduum successerit,
eo facilius per proclive pelli posse rati. Medio fere
clivo restitere, atque inde^^x loco superiore, qui prope
sua sponte in hostem inferebat, dmpetii facfb Gallos
tantfcstrage ac ruina fudere, ut nunquam postea tale
genus pugnae tentaverint.
Omissa itaque spe per vim atque arma subeundi, ob-
sidionem parant. Exercitu diviso partim per finitimos
populos praedari placuit, partim obsideri arcem, ut
ANCIENT ROME. 37
obsidentibus frumentum populatores agrorum praebe-
rent. Proficiscentes ab urbe Gallos fortuna ipsa
Ardeam, ubi Camillus exulabat, duxit;
bic, maestior
ibi publica fortuna quam sua, repente audit Gallorum
exercitum adventare, atque de eo pavidos Ardeates
consulere. Quum se in mediam contionem intulisset^
“ Ardeates,” inquit, “ fortuna vobis jam oblata est et
pro tantis populi Eomani beneficiis gratiae referendae
et huic urbi decus belli ingens pariendi. Qui eflFuso
agmine adventant, gens est cui natura corpora animos-
que magna magis quam firma dederit. Eo in certa-
mina plus terroris quam virium ferunt. Argumento ^
sit clad«s Romana;patentem cepere urbem
;ex arce
Capitolioque his exigua manu resistitur. Jam obsi-
dionis taedio victi abscedunt, vagique per agros palan-
tur. Cibo vinoque repleti, ubi nox appetit, prope
rivos aquarum sine stationibus ac custodiis passim
ferarum ritu sternuntur. Si vobis in animo est
moenia vestra tueri, prima vigilia capite arma, meque
ad caedem, non ad pugnam, sequimini.”
Omnibus persuasum erat tantum bello virum nemi-
nem eo tempore esse. Dato itaque signo, primae silentio
noctis ad portas Camillo adfuere. Egressi haud pro-
cul urbe, sicut praedictum erat, castra Gallorum intuta
neglectaque ab omni parte nacti cum ingenti clamore
invadunt. Nusquam proelium, omnibus locis caedes
est;corpora nuda et somno soluta trucidantur. Ex-
tremos tamen, e cubilibus excitos, pavor in fugam et
quosdam in ipsum hostem tulit. Magna -pars in
38 LEGENDS OF
agrum Antiatem delati, incursione ab oppidanis facta
circumveniuntur.
Veis interim non animi solum sed etiam vires indies
crescebant, et maturum ^ jam videbatur patriam ex hos-
tium manibus eripi. Sed corpori valido caput deerat
Locus ipse admonebat Camilli, et magna pars militum
erafqui ejus ductu auspicioque res prospere gesserant.
Consensu omnium placuit ab Ardea Camillum acciri,
sed senatu, qui Eomae esset, antea consulto. Ingenti
periculo per hostium custodias transeundum erat.
Ad eam rem Pontius Cominius, impiger juvenis,
operam pollicitus cortici incubans secundo Tiberi ad
urbem defertur. Inde per praeruptum saxum in
Capitolium evadit, et ad magistratus ductus mandata
exercitus edit. Accepto inde senatus consulto ut
Camillus, jussu populi de exilio revocatus, dictator
diceretur, eadem degressus Veios contendit, legatique
Ardeam ad Camillum missi Veios eum perduxere,,.-—Dum haec Veis agebantur, interim arx Eomae Capi-
toliumque in ingenti periculo fuit. Namque Galli,
vestigio notato humano, qua nuntius a Veis pervenerat,
nocte sublustri primo inermem, qui tentaret viam,
praemisere : inde arma tradentes, atque alii alios
trahentes sublevantesque, tanto silentio in summumevasere, ut non custodes solum fallerent, sed ne canes
quidem, animal ad nocturnos strepitus sollicitum,
excitarent. Anseres non fefellere, quibus Junoni’
sacris in summa cibi inopia abstinebatur.^ Quae res
saluti fuit;namque clangore eorum alarumque crepitu
ANCIENT ROME. 39
excitus M. Manlius qui triennio ante consul fuerat,
vir bello egregius, armis arreptis ceterosque simul ad
arma ciens vadit, et dum ceteri trepidant, Gallum qui
jam in summo constiterat, umbone ictum deturbat.
Cujus casus quum proximos Gallorum sterneret, trepi-
dantes alios, armisque omissis saxa manibus amplexos,
trucidat Manlius. Jamque et alii congregati telis
missilibusque saxis proturbare hostes, totaque prolapsa
acies in praeceps deferri. Sedato deinde,, tumultu
reliquum noctis quieti datum est. Luce orta, vocatis
ad concilium militibus, Manlius primum ob virtutem
laudatus;tum vigiles ejus loci qua fefellerat ascendens
hostis citati. Quibus omnibus culpam in unum vigilem
conjicientibus, Q. Sulpicius, tribunus militum, reum
ejus noxae approbantibus cunctis de saxo dejecit____
Inde intentiores utrimque custodiae esse, et apud
Gallos quia vulgatum erat inter Veios Komamquenuntios commeare, et apud Romanos ab nocturni peri-
culi memoria.
Sed ante omnia obsidionis bellique mala, fames
utrumque exercitum urgebat. Indutiae deinde factae,
et colloquia permissu imperatorum habita;in quibus
quum Galli famem Romanis objicerent, eaque necessi-
tate ad deditionem eos vocarent, dicitur avertendae
ejus opinionis causa multis locis panis de Capitolio
jactatus esse in hostium stationes. Sed jam neque
dissimulari neque ferri ultra fames poterat. Itaque,
dum dictator exercitum parat quo haud impar adoria-
tur hostes, interim Capitolinus exercitus, stationibus
40 LEOENDS OF
vigiliisque fessus, fame victus, spe postremo deficiente,
et armis infirma corpora prope obruentibus, vel dedi
vel redimi se jussit. Tum senatus habitus, tribun-
isque militum negotium datum ut paciscerentur.
Inde inter Q. Sulpicium tribunum militum, et Bren-
num regulum Gallorum colloquio transacta res est et
mille pondo ^ auri pretium populi factum. Eei per se
foedissimae adjecta est indignitas; pondera a Gallis
alkta iniqua, et tribuno recusante, gladius ab insolenti
Gallo ponderi additus, auditaque ea vox intoleranda
Komanis, “ Yae victis !
”
Sed dique et homines prohibuere redemptos vivere
Eomanos. Nam forte, priusquam infanda merces
perficeretur, dictator intervenit, auferrique aurum de
medio, et Gallos submoveri jubet. rX^uum illi reni
tentes pactos dicerent esse, negat eam pactionem
ratam esse, quae postquam ipse dictator creatus esset
injussu suo facta esset : denuntiatque Gallis ut se ad
proelium expediant. Suos arma aptare ferroque non
auro recuperare patriam jubet. Instruit deinde aciem
in semirutae solo urbis, et omnia quae arte belli suis
secunda parari poterant providet. Galli nova re tre-
pidi arma capiunt, iraque magis quam consilio in
Eomanos incurrunt. Jam verterat® fortuna, jam
deorum opes humanaque consilia rem Eomanam ad-
juvabant. Igitur primo concursu haud majore mo-
mento fusi sunt Galli quam quo ad Alliam vicerant.
Justiore altero deinde proelio ad octavum lapidem
Gabina via, quo se ex fuga contulerant, ductu ejusdem
ANCIENT ROME. 41
Camilli vincuntur. Ibi magna caedes facta. Castra
capiuntur et ne nuntius quidem cladis relictus. Dic-
tator recuperata ex hostibus patria triumphans in
urbem redit, interque jocos militares Eomulus ac
pater patriae conditorque alter urbis haud vanis
laudibus appellabatur.
General Note.—The chief difl5culty which will be found
by boys beginning this book will probably be the order of
words in the sentence. The subject will constantly come in
the middle or at the end of the sentence, and the verb, object,
etc., in rather unexpected places. Careful parsing will, how*
ever, soon get over the diflBculty.
NOTES.
1. plus posse = to be stronger.
2. Vestalem. The priestesses of Vesta were forbidden to
marry, so Amulius hoped that his niece would have no chil-
dren who might overthrow him.
3. Faustulo, dat., in apposition to huic.
4. id ipsum. The meaning is that the time when Faustulusfound the twins agreed with the date at which the royal
children had been exposed.
5. Numitori, indirect object to tetigerat.
6. re. Bes is oftenused in Latin where we should use a less
vague word. In translating, consider what particular ‘ thing’
is meant, and choose a suitable English word.
II.
1. mollirent, darent, indirect command.
2. quum ... tum = both ... and.
III.
1. agunt. Cum aliquo agere ut ...=to induce a man to ...
2. consei-tis manibus. Manus conserere = to come to close
quarters.
3. eo ... quo = in proportion as.
43
44 NOTES.
V.
1. Indignitatem. The fact of the city being besieged wasfelt as an insuit by the Romans.
2. ignaris omnitous, abi. abs.
3. comprehensum retraxerunt. Translate the participle andverb by two verbs, “ seized and dragged back.”
4. hostis hostem. In English we should omit hostis.
VI.
1. ad = on.
2. concursum est, impersonal.
3. quem ... illum. In Latin the relative clause often comesbefore the antecedent. Change the order in translating.
4. See V., note 3.
VII.
1. quanti. Gen. of price.
2. jura. The plebeians had lately won the right of havingtheir own magistrates, called tribunes, to protect them againstthe patrician consuis.
3. diem dicere alicui, “to name a day for a man,” i. e. to
appoint a day for his trial ; to bring him to trial,
4. referre = to refer the matter to the Senate, to consuit
the Senate.
5. alii ... alio = some say by one, some by another.
VIII.
In this passage, and especially at the beginning, the sen-
tences are very short and terse. In compound tenses theauxiliary verb is constantly omitted, a favourite practice withLivy, for which you must always be prepared.
1. Patres conscripti, i. e. patres et conscripti. This was the
regular form used in addressing the Senate. The Patres werethe senators in the time of the kings. After the expulsion
of the Tarquins new senators were added, who v ere called
conscripti, ‘‘ the chosen ones.
”
NOTES. 45
2. Jano. The temple of the god Janus was a covered pass-
age with a door at each end. Hence any arched passage cameto be called by this name.
3. infesta. The opposite to tuta.
4. collatis signis. Conferre signa means “to bring the
Standard s together,” i. e. “ to fight at close quarters.”
5. maximum auxilium, The reference is chiefly to Q.Fabius Maximus, who saved Rome after the battle of LakeTrasimene in the second Punic war. Ovid refers to himmore distinctly in his account of the destruction of the Fabii
—
“ Nam puer impubes et adhuc non utilis armisUnus de Fabia gente relictus erat,
Scilicet ut posses olim tu, Maxime, nasci,
Cui res cunctando restituenda foret.”
IX.
1. placuisset. “ It had been decided.”
2. aetate militari. Between 17 and 43.
3. unde = ex eo loco qui.
4. alibi ... alibi. In the one place ... in the other.
5. orare, historical infinitive.
6. jugum. To pass under the yoke was a sign of defeat andsubmission.
7. praedae, dat. of purpose.
8. habitus. Senatum habere = to hold a meeting of the Senate.
X.
1. tertium. Here used adverbially.
2. Faliscus. Singular for plural : a frequent use in Livy.
3. poscere. Historical infinitive.
4. bina castra. Castra being a pl. noun requires the dis-
ti ibutive numeral.
5. qui. The antecedent must be supplied.
6. intulit signa. Signa inferre = to advance to the attack.
7. ex composito. “ According to agreement. ”
46 NOTES.
8. violator, etc. Because he had urged the men of Fidenaeto kill the ambassadors.
9. spolia opima. These were said to be won when theRoman general killed the general of the enemy. Cossusaccording to Livy was not the general, but other accounts saythat he was consul that year.
XI.
1.
coepta sunt, passive, because the dependent infinitive
is passive.
XII.
1. mutaverant, intransitive.
2. operae pretium est. “ It is worth while.”
3. abstineatur, impersonal. Why ?
4. nominis. ‘ The Etruscan name ’ means ‘ the Etruscanrace.
’
5. civile ... humanum. The meaning is that Camillus tookmore upon him than became a Citizen or even a man ; i. e. heseemed to be making himself equal to a king, or even to thegods.
XIII.
1. humanam opem. In apposition to Camillum.
2. primo quoque tempore = as soon as possible.
3. receptui canere. “ To sound a retreat,” Iit. to play (on
the trumpet) for a retreat.
XIV.
1. in cornua diductum, i. e. stretched out so as to covei as
much space as possible.
2. artem. “Stratagem.”
3. cum C. stabat. “ Was on the side of.”
XV.
1. ire ferrique. Ire refers to the priests, ferri to the sacredvessels.
NOTES. 47
XVL
1. testudine. A protection formed by tbe soldiers holdingtheir sbields locked closely together over their heads. Trans-late here “with shields locked.”
2. argumento. Dat. of purpose.
3. maturum videbatur. “It seemed high time.”
4. abstinebatur. Impersonal.
5. pondo. Originally an adverb meaning “by weight.”So mille librae pondo would mean “1,000 Ibs. by weight.”The Word librae being omitted, pondo comes to be used as anindeclinable noun meaning “ pounds.”
6. verteret. Intransitive.
Note.—The English index will generally, but not always,
enable you to find idiomatic Latin words and phrases to
translate the English. Sometimes the proper phrase can only
be found in the Latin passage to which the exercise belongs.
Such phrases are, in the earlier exercises, printed in italics.
Words to be omitted are enclosed in round brackets ( ).
hints for trauslation in square brackets [ ].
48
EXEKCISES.
I.
1. The king of Alba has two sons.
2. By the will of his father the kingdom was left to
Numitor.
3. As the Tiber had overflowed its banks, they could
not approach the stream.
4. Those to whom the children have been given will
not perform the king’s command.
5. They say that the shepherd gave the boys to his
wife to be brought up.
6. The robbers, having lost their booty, made anattaek upon the two young men.
7. Faustulus believed that the youths whom he hadtaken up were the grandsons of the king.
8. When Numitor heard that the twins had not beenkilled, he recognised Eemus as his grandson.
9. With the help of Eemus [Eemus helping] Amuliusis slain, and the royal power is conferred uponNumitor.
50 EXERCISES.
10. Through desire of founding a new city, Eomulusand Remus went away from Alba.
11. An omen is said to have come to Remus first.
12. When Remus had been killed, Romulus gave his
name to the new citv.
II.
1. On account ofthe scarcity of 'women the Romanssent ambassadors and sought intermarriage
with their neighbours.
2. When the games were proclaimed many men cameto Rome.
3. All the Sabines were present from desire of seeing
the spectacle.
4:. When the signal was given by the king, the
Romans seized the maidens.
5. The parents of the Sabine women roused their
neighbours to engage in hattle with the Romans.
6. When war had been begun by the Sabines, peace
was made by the wojnen who had been carried
ofF [ferf. part.l
7. They begged their fathers and husbands not to
engage in battle.
8. When the treaty was made the leaders united the
two kingdoms.
IIT.
1. It is well known that war arose between the
Romans and Albans.
EXERCISES. 51
2. It is uncertain whether the Horatii were Eomansor Albans.
3. A treaty is made on this coiidition \lex\ that the
nation whose citizens conquer in the fight shall
rule over the other.
4. The three young men on each side took their
arms and came to close quarters.
5. Wlien two Eomans had been killed, and the three
Albans wounded, he who survived of the
Eomans took to fiight.
6. This he did that he might separate his enemies.
7-. When he had fled some distance, he saw his enemies
pursuing/ar apart.
8. He then made an attack on them and killed themone by one [singuli adj.].
9. On account of their wounds one brother could not
bring aid to the other [one brother . . . the
other =frater . . . frater\.
10.
Horatius, having spoiled the Albans, was received
with great joy by the citizens.
IV.
1. Porsena promised to come to Eome with his army,that the Tarquins might not live in exile.
2. Horatius held the foe at bay while the citizens
were breaking down the bridge.
3. When his companions had returned into the city
Horatius challenged the enemy to battle.
4. The enemy, moved by shame, made a rush at
Horatius.
62 EXERCISES.
5. But when the bridge was broken, he jumped downinto the river and swam across unhurt to his
companions.
6. The grateful citizens placed a statue of Horatius in
the city, and gave him land as a reward [prae-
mium] for his courage.
V
1. Mucius feared that Porsena would take the city
by siege.
2. He determined to penetrate into the camp of the
enemy in order to avenge this insuit.
3. When the senators had heard the matter, they
approved of the design of Mucius.
4. He said that he would kill the king if he could.
5. But when he came to the camp, he feared to
inquire which was the king, which the
secretary.
6. (When) seized by the guards he said that he was
a Roman, that he was called C. Mucius.
7. (He said) that he and all the Roman youths wished
to kill the king.
8. When Mucius had shown that he did not fear
pain, the king ordered him to be sent awayunharmed.
9. Mucius then said that many Roman youths hadconspired to kill the king.
10.
The Romans gave to Mucius the surname of
Scaevola.
EXERCISES. 63
VI.
1. The Romans met the army of the Latins at LakeRegillus.
2. The battle was even fiercer because they had heard
that the Tarquins -were among the enemy.
3. It is well known that none of the leaders escaped
without a wound.
4. The Latins rescued from the battle Tarquinius'
(who was) wounded by the dictator.
5. When the battle was renewed the exiles made anattack upon the Roman line.
6. Valerius, having put spurs to his horse, was carried
into the enemy’s line.
7. The dictator says that he will treat as an enemythe man whom he sees flying.
8. The Romans turned against the enemy, and the
Latin general was killed by T. Herminius.
9. When the cavalry had dismounted, they routed
the Latins.
10.
The Romans pursued the fugitives [pres. part.'\ withsuch eagerness that they took the camp.
VII.
1. The army of the Volscians attacked the Romanswhile they were besieging the city.
2. When Marcius with his men had broken into thecity, he killed many of the townsmen and set
fire to the buildings.
3. It was asked in the senate at what price cornshould be sold.
64 EXERCISES.
4. The opinion of Coriolanus was that the people
should restore to the patricians their formerright, if they wished corn to be given to thein.
5. For this reason Marcius was put on his trial by the
tribunes.
6. When he had gone away into exile he was kindly
received by the Volscians.
7. He was made general that he might take awaytowns from the Eomans and hand them over
to the Volscians.
8. The patricians were United with the plebeians
through fear of a foreign foe.
9. The consuis were compelled by the mass of the
people to refer the matter to the senate.
10. Coriolanus replied that he would not treat about
peace unless the Romans gave back their
lands to the Volscians.
1 1 . Rome was saved not by the arms of men but by the
prayers of women.
12. It was announced to Coriolanus that his motherand wife and children were present.
13. His mother asked him whether she had come to
her son or to an enemy.
14. Coriolanus, moved by the prayers of the women,went away from Rome with his army.
VIII.
1. The Fabii said that the war with Veii did not
need a large army;
let the Romans wage other
wars, and give to them this one.
EXERCISES. 55
2. The consul, who -was himself a Fabius, ordered the
Fabii to be present, armed, on the foliowingday.
3. When the consul went out all his clan were stand-
ing in marching order.
4. A great crowd followed the Fabii as they went[going] through the-city,
5. When they had reached the river Cremera, they
found a suitable place for fortifying the camp.
6. When the Fabii had made everything insecure for
the enemy, the Veientines attacked their camp.
7. The consul did not give the enemy room for ex-
tending their line.
8. The enemy soon repented of the peace which they
had obtained.
9. The Fabii, having made many raids upon the
territory of the Etruscans, also fought withthem hand to hand in haitle array.
10. It seemed to the Veientines that the Romans oughtto be taken by an ambush.
11. The Fabii, thinking that the enemy could not with-
stand them, made a raid upon cattle seen at
a distance.
1 2. Being hemmed in by the enemy, they forced their
way to a hili.
13. When the Fabii were slain their camp was iaken
hy storm.
14. Three hundred and six perished, and one boy wasleft.
56 EXERGISES.
IX.
1. When the daring of the enemy had increased, theyattacked the consurs army by night.
2. The horsemen announced that the camp was sur-
rounded by the Aequi.
3. It was therefore decided that Cincinnatus shouldbe appointed dictator.
4. When the messengers sent by the senate had ex-
plained the cause of (their) coming, Cincinnatus
set out for Rome.
5. He was there received by his kinsmen and friends.
6. Next day the shops were shut throughout the
whole city, and ali who were of military age
were present in the lield of Mars,
7. When they had reached Algidus the soldiers wereplaced round the enemy’s camp.
8. The shout raised by the dictator’s army was heardin the Roman camp.
9. It caused great joy to the soldiers because theyknew that help was at hand.
10. While the Aequi were fighting with the consul,
they were shut in by the dictator.
11. The enemy begged the dictator not to kill themali, (but) to let them lay down their arms andreturn horne.
1 2. He replied that they must be sent under the yoke,
and that then they should go away unharnied.
13. When the enemy had been sent away, all the
plunder was given by Cincinnatus to his ownsoldiers.
EXERCISES. 57
14. Cincinnatus entered Eome in triumph, and before
his chariot went the leaders of the Aequi [and
... his, rei. pron.].
X.
1. Ambassadors sent from Rome were killed by the
men of Fidenae, who had revolted.
2. War having arisen, the consul gained a victory
but lost many citizens.
3. The dictator, a man skilled in war, came to the
rescue.
4. He said that he would not descend into the plains
until the army of the enemy arrived.
5. Some of the enemy demanded battle, others wishedto prolong the war.
6. Although this plan was more pleasing to the king,
nevertheless he announced that he would fight
at daybreak.
7. The Etruscans said that they would not begin the
battle unless they were compelled.
8. When the Roman legions were sent against the
Etruscans, the infantry could not withstandtheir onset.
9. The battle was prolonged chiefly by the cavalry,
of whom the king himself was by far the
bravest.
10. The king was hurled to the ground by Cossus, whokilled him and tore o£F the spoils.
11. When the king was killed the enemy were routed.
12. A vast quantity of plunder was brought to Romeby Cossus.
58 EXERCISES.
13. When the dictator triumphed \ahl. a6s.] Cossus
bore the spoils of the slain king, and gained
[fero\ nearly ali the glory of the victory.
XI.
1. The Eomans hoped to take Veh by siege.
2. In this war they began to build winter-quarters
for the soldiers.
3. When the Alban lake had risen to an unusual
height, envoys were sent to Delphi.
4. But before they returned an old man of Veii ex-
plained \expono\ what the portent foreboded.
5. A young Roman seized the old prophet after he
had enticed him into a conversation.
6. The senate asked him what he had said about the
Alban lake.
7. He replied that the gods would not desert Veii
until the Romans had let out the water fromthe lake.
8. The senate ordained that the return of the ambas-
sadors must be awaited.
9. A nswer was made [impersonal] by the Oracle that the
Romans would take Veii if they let out the
water over the fields.
XII.
1. M. Furius Camillus was appointed dictator to
carry on the war with Veii.
2. When he had returned from Veii to Rome heenrolled a new army.
EXERCISES. 59
3. The Latins and Hernicans also promised to cometo the war.
4. When the dictator had prepared everything for
the war, he set out from Rome and routed the
enemy in battle.
5. The general began to dig a mine under groundinto the enemy’s citadel.
6. The workers were divided into six detachments,
so that they might not be worn out by toil.
7. "VVhen the dictator saw that he should soon take
the city, he asked the senate what was to be
done about the plunder.
8. It was decided \j>lacere\ that that plunder should
be given to those who chose \yol6\ to go to
Veii.
9. The consul attacked the city from ali sides, that
the enemy might not know where the greatest
danger was.
10. The Veientines did not know that their walls
were undermined by the Romans.
11. There is a story that the soldiers in the mineheard the voice of the soothsayer
;
12. And that they seized the entrails of the victim
and carried them to the dictator.
13. When the soldiers had set fire to the city, thewailing of women and children was heard.
14. The gates were opened and the city filled witharmed men.
15. When the city was taken, the soldiers ran off to
the plunder.
60 EXERGIhES.
16. Thus the city was taken after a siege of [having
been besieged] ten years.
17. When news reached Rome that Veii -was taken, the
Koman matrons gave thanks to the gods.
18. The triuraph of the dictator was more brilliant
than (that) of anyone before.
XIII.
1. It was announced to the tribunes that a certain
man had heard a voice which said that the
Gauls were at hand.
2. At this time Camillus, heing accused by Apuleius,
went into exile.
3. The Gauls crossed the Alps that they might seize
the lands of Italy.
4. The men of Clusium sent ambassadors to Eometo beg for aid against the Gauls.
6.
Ambassadors s62it by the senate said that the
people of Clusium were allies of the Eomanpeople.
6. The Gauls, because they believed that the Eomanswere brave men, did not scom peace withthem.
7. The answer of the people of Clusium was given
in the presence of the Eomans.
8. They said that they would not give the land
which the Gauls asked for.
9. When the battlewas begun theEoman ambassadors
fought in the army of the people of Clusium,
and one of them slew with his spear a chieftain
of the Gauls.
EXERCISES. 61
10. The Gauls, when they had recognised Fabius, sent
ambassadors to Rome to demand that he
should be given up to them.
11. When the matter had been referred tothe people?
the Fabii were appointed tribunes of the
soldiers for the following year.
XIV.
1. The Gauls having entered on their march reached
the river Allia with great speed.
2. When the tribes \gens\ of Etruria heard that the
Gauls were at hand, they ran to arms.
3. The Romans, having hastily levied an army, metthe enemy at the eleventh niilestone from the
City.
4. The Roman leader neither chose a position for
the camp, nor fortified entrenchments.
5. The centre of the Roman line was weak, because
they had stretched it out that the enemy mightnot surround them.
6. The Gauls first made an attack upon the reserves,
that they might have an easier victory in theplain.
7. Such panic seized the minds of the Romans thatthey fled without attempting battle [abi. abs.].
8. Many while Crossing the river Tiber were sweptaway by the eddies.
9. Those who escaped to Veii did not even send newsof the disaster to Rome
EXERCISES.
10. The Gauls, amazed by so sudden a victoiy, at
first feared an ambush, then having gatheredthe spoils and heaped up a pile of arms, theymade their way to Eome.
XV.
1. The Eomans knew by the discordant cries of the
barbarians that the enemy were at hand.
2. They had no hope that they could defend the city,
as so few of the soldiers were left.
3. When they had determined that the citadel alone
must be defended, they collected arms andcorn.
4. The older men said that they would perish withthe city, that they might not he 'a burden [oneri
esse] to the armed men.
5. As the Capitol could not hold all the people, the
greater part fied for refuge [confugere] to Jani-
culum.
6. The priests and Vestal virgins, carryingwith themthe sacred (vessels), went to Caere.
7. The old men awaited the arrival of the Gauls
each sitting in the entrance of his own house.
8. When the Gauls had entered the city and reached
the forum they separated to pluuder.
9. When they saw the men sitting on ivory chairs
they at first thought they were gods.
EXERCISES. 63
10. But wlien Papirius struck one of the Gauls with
his staflf, all the old men were slaughteied, andthe houses were set on Jire.
XVI.
1. The Gauls, in order that they might get possession
of the whole city, made an attack upon the
citadel.
2. The Romans allowed them to climb to the middleof the slope.
3. The Gauls were routed with such slaughter that
they never afterwards attempted to get up byforce.
4. They sent part of their army to plunder through
the neighbouring country.
5. Camillus said that a chance was now offered to the
Ardeates of showing gratitude to the Romans.
6. He said that the bodies of the Gauls were large
but not strong, and that they could be conquered
by a small force.
7. He begged them to take arms and follow him to
battle.
8. They found the camp of the Gauls unprotected
and without guards.
9. When many of the Gauls had been killed, a great
part also were surrounded by the enemy.
10.
The Romans who were at Veii decided that Ca-millus should be summoned from Ardea.
64 EXERCISES.
11. A young man was sent to E-ome to consuit the
senate on this matter.
12. He was carried down the Tiber and reacbed the
Capitol.
13. The senate decreed that Camillus should be
appointed dictator.
14. Meanwhile the Gauls, pulling each other iip»
reached the top of the Capitol by night.
15. The geese sacred to Juno saved [were for a safety
to] the citadel.
16. Manlius, aroused from sleep by the cackling of the
geese, seized his arms.
17. The first of the Gauls, being thrown down byManlius, upset those next to him, and the
whole line was carried down headlong.
18. When Manlius had been praised for his courage,
the sentry, by whose fault the Gauls had climbed
up, was hurled down from the rock.
19. Now each army pressed by hunger [hunger press-
ing] wished for peace.
20. A truce having been made, it was arranged be-
tween the leaders on both sides that the Gauls,
having received a thousand pounds of gold,
should go away from Rome.
21. Some say that the chieftain of the Gauls added
his sword to the weight, and exclaimed “ Woeto the conquered
!”
22. In the midst of \inter\ the bargaining Camillus
arrived with his army, and gave orders that
the gold should be ta^u away.
EXERCISES. 65
23. He said that Eome must be won back with steel,
not gold.
24. Now, fortune being changed, the Romans routed
the Gauls at the first onset.
25. Camillus also conquered the Gauls in a second
battle, and having taken their camp, returned
to Eome in triumph.
ABBRBVIATIONS.
a. = active.
abi. = ablative.
acc. = accusative.
adj. = adjective.
adv. = adverb.comp. = comparative.conj. = conjunction.dep. = deponent.f. feminine.gen. genitive.
gov.indecl. =
governing.indeclinable.
impers. = impersnnal.irreg. = irregular.
m. = masculine.n. — neuter.nom. — nominative.part. participle.
pass. = passive.
perf. = perfect.
pi. =r plural.
prep. = preposition.proii. = pronoun.Fl 1. = relative.
sing. = singular.subs. = substantive.superi. superlative.V. = verb.
Note.—Proper naraes of no importance, or about which the text g^vee
sufficient information, are not included in the Vocabulary.
VOCABULARY.
a, ab, prep. gov. abi. from,hy.
abdico, V. 1. a. with acc. of
reflexive pron. and abi. of
thing resigned;resiyn.
abdo -6re -didi -ditum, v. 3.
a. to put away, hide.
abduco -6re -duxi -ductum,V. 3. a. to lead away.
abeo -ire -ii -Itum, v. irreg.
to go mcay.abjicio -ere -jeci -jectum, v.
3. a. to throw away.abscedo -ere -cessi -cessum,
V. 3. n. to go away, depart,
retire.
abscido -ere -eidi -cisum, v.
3. a. to cut off.
absens -utis, pres. part. of
absum, absent.
abstergo -ere -tersi -tersum,V. 3. a. to wipe off, wipeaway.
abstineo -ere -tinui -tentum,V. 2. r\.tokeepaway,ah!itain.
absum -esse -fui, v. irreg. to
be away, be absent, be dis-
tant.
abundo, v. 1. n. to overjlow,
abound.ac, atque, conj. and
;as,than.
accedo -ere -cessi -cessum, v.
3. n. to approach ; be added,accede or agree to.
qccendo -ere -cendi -censum,V. 3. a. to light, set on Jire ;
rouse, incite.
accido -ere -cidi, v. 3. n. to
fall ;liappen
;with dat. of
person, to happen to, hefall
one.
accio -Ire -ivi -Itum, v. 4. a.
to sunimon, feteh.
accipio -ere -cepi -ceptum, v.
3. a. to receive, hear, learn.
acerbus -a -um, adj. sharp,liarsh, hitter, severe, dis-
agreeahle, grievous.
acies -ei, f. an edge ; a glance ;
battle-array,army in battle
array;
in acie, in pitehed
battle.
ad, prep. gov. acc. to, at, near,
in the neighboui'hood of.
addo -6re -didi -ditum, v. 3. a.
to add.adduco -ere -duxi -ductum,
V. 3. a. to lead to, bring to,
induce.
adeo -ire -Ivi or -ii -itum, v.
irreg. to go to, approach ;
undertake ;consuit.
68 VOCABULARY.
adeo, adv. so far, to such anextent, so.
adfigo -ere -fixi -fixum, v. 3.
a. to fix ovfastm to, affix.
adhortor, v. 1. dep. to exhort,
. eficourage, cheer on soldiers,
etc.
adimo -ere -emi -emptum, v.
3. a. to take away.aditus -us, m. an approach.adjaceo -ere -jacui, v. 2. n.
to lie ntar.
adjicio -Sre -jeci -jectum, v.
3. a. to throw upon, add.adjuvo -are -juvi -jutum, v.
1. a. to help, swpport.
admiratio -onis, f. admira-tion, wonder.
admitto -ere -misi -missum,V. 3. a. to let in, admit,per-mit
;
of a horse, to put to agallop ; of omen-givingbirds, to he favourahle, be
propitious.
admodum, adv. in a highdegree, much, very
;quite.
admoneo -ere -ui -itum, v. 2.
a. toput in mind of, remind
;
warn, adnionish.
admoveo -ere -m5vi -motum,V. 2. a. to move to, bring to,
apply.adolescens -ntis, m. or f. a
yoxiih or maiden.adolesco -ere -evi, v. 3. n. to
grow up.
adorior -iri -ortus, v. 4. dep.
to undertake, set to work,attack.
adsum -esse -fui, v. irreg. to
be present, aid, support.
adsurgo -Sre -surrexi -surrec-
tum, V. 3. n. to rise.
adveho -6re -vexi -vectum, v.
3. a. to carry to.
advento, v. 1. n. to approach,arrive at, advance.
adventus -us, m. arrival.
adversus -a -um, adj. opposite,
facing, in front ; adverse,
contrary.
adversus and -um, prep. gov.
acc. towards, against, in the
opposite direction.
advoco, V. 1. a. to call or
summon to a place,
advolo, V. 1. n. to fly to,
rush to.
aedes -is, f. a temple ; in pl.
a house.
aedificium -i, n. a building.
aedifico, v. 1. a. to build.
aegre, adv. scarcely, with
difficulty ;aegre ferre, or
pati, to be displeased at,
impatient of.
Aequi -orum, m. TheAequi, a tribe S.E. of
Rome.aequo, v. 1. a. to equal.
aequus -a -um, adj. level,
equal, fair, favourable
;
aequo animo, with calmness,
patiently.
aestas -atis, f. summer.aetas -atis, f. age, life.
affero -ferre, attiili, allatum,V. irreg. to carry, or bring a
thing to a place, report,
allege ; offer.
affirmo, v. 1. a. to assert, main-tain, affrm.
ager -gri, m. afield, land, ter-
ritory.
aggredior -i -gressus sum, v.
3. dep. to attack.
VOCABULARY. 69
agito, V. 1, a, to drive to andfro ;
excite, stir up; discuss,
debate.
agmen -inis, n. a line, train ;
a crowd, band, an army in
line of march, column.agnosco -6re -novi -notum, v.
3. a. to recognise, acknow-ledge, perceive, understand.
ago -ere egi, actum, v. 3. a.
to lead, drive, plunder ; do ;
discuss ; spend time, etc. ;
gratias ag. to return thanks;
cu n aliquo ag. to treat loith,
try to persuade some one;manage business
;push or
carry some object.
agrestis -e, adj. of the fields,
rural, r'ustic.
aia -ae, f. a wing, a detach-
ment of cavalry.
Alba -ae, f. Alba, a town nearRome.
Albanus -a -um, adj, of Alba,Alban.
albus -a -um, adj. white.
Algidus -i, m. Algidus, amountain near Rome.
alibi, adv. elsewhere-, alibi...
alibi, in one place ...in
anolher.
alienus -a -um, adj. helonging
to another', strange,f>revjn-,
unsuitable; unfavourable.
aliquamdiu, adv. for a while,
for some time.
aliquantus -a -um, adj. some-what, some considerable
; as
subs. -um -i, n, some part,
some quantity.
aliquotiens, adv. several
times.
aliter, adv. otherwise.
alius -a ud, gen. alius, adj.
oiher, another ; alius . . . alius
one ... another) in pl, some... others.
Allia -ae, f. the Allia, a river
flowingintotheTiber eleven
miles northwardfromRome.alluvies -ei, f. a pool caused
by overflow of a river.
alo -ere -ui -tum, v. 3. a. to
nourish, maintain, keep.
Alpes -ium, f. the Alps.altare -is, n. chiefly used in
plural, an altar.
alter -tera -terum, gen. al-
terius, the one or the other
of two ; alter . . . alter, the
one ...the other.
altercatio -onis, f. dispute,
altercation.
altitudo -dinis, i.height, deplh.
altus -a -um, adj. high, lofty;
deep.
alveus -i, m. a tub, river-bed.
ambages -is, f. a going-round,
roundabout icay ; circum-locution
;obscurity
;per
ambages, in obscure lan-
guage.
ambitio -onis, f. canvassing
for office, love ofpopidarity,ambilion.
ambo -ae -o, adj. both.
amicitia -ae, f. friendship.amicus -i, m. a friend.amitto -6re -misi -missum, v.
3. a. to lo.^e.
amnis -is, m. a river.
amoveo -ere -movi -motum,V. 2. a. to move au^ay, re-
move ; S67id away, get rid of.
amplector, v. 1. dep. to em-brace.
70 VOGABULARY.
amplus -a -um, adj. large,
wide;
splendid, distin-
guished.
Amulius -i, m. Amulius, bro-
ther of Numitor, king of
Alba.an, conj. wliether
\utrum...
an, whether ...or.
anceps -clpitis, adj. two-
headed, douhle, tivofold,
douhtfid.
animadverto -ere -ti -sum, v.
3. a. and n. to notice, con-
sider
;
animadvertere in
aliquem, to punish.
animal -alis, n. a living being,
animal.animus -i, m. mind, spirit,
courage, temper, feelings,
heart
;
aequo animo, with
equanimity ;mihi in animo
est, it is in my mind, 1intend.
Anio -en is, m. theAnio, a river
flowing into the Tiber.
ann5na -ae, f. corn supply,
price of corn.
annus -i, m. a year.
anser -eris, m. a goose.
ante, adv. and prep. gov. acc.
hefore ;formerly,previously.
antea, adv. hefore, previously.
antecedo -Sre -cessi -cessum,
V. 3. a. to go hefore, pre-
cede, excel, surpass.
antSquam, conj. hefore.
Antias -atis, adj. of Antium ;
in pl. the people ofAntium.Antium -i, n. Antium, a town
of Latium.aperio -ire, -ui -rtum, v. 4. a.
to open, disclose, reveal,
make ciear.
apertus -a -um, part. of aperio,
used as adj. open, plain,ciear.
Apollo -inis, m. the godA jiollo.
appareo -ere -ui -Itum, v. 2,
n. to appear, he evident.
appello, v. 1. a. to call.
appeto -6re -ivi or -ii -itum,
v. 3. a. and n. to strive after,
seek, desire ; approach.approbo, v. 1. a. to approve,
think well of, prove.
apto, V. 1. a. to fit.
apud, prep. gov. acc. at, near,
at the house of.
aqua -ae, f. water.
arceo -ere-ui, v.2.a. to keep ojf,
arcesso -ere -ivi -itum, v. 3.
a. to send for, summon.Ardea -ae, f. Ardea, a town
of the Rutuli, S. of Rome.Ardeates -um, m. the people
of Ardea.ardor -oris, m. heat, eager-
ness, ardour.arduus -a -um, adj. steep,
difficult
;
neut. as subs. asteep place.
argumentum -i, n. a proof.
arma -orum, n. arms, armour\armed hands.
armo, v. 1. a. to arm, equip;
roibse to arms.arripio -ere -ui -reptum, v.
3. a. to snatch up, seize.
ars, artis, f. art, skill, strata-
gem.arx, arcis, f. a citadel.
ascendo -ere -di -sum, v* 3.
a. to climh, ascend.
aspernor, v. 1. dep. to scom,despise.
VOCABULARY. 71
assiduus -a -um, adj. con-
stant, continuat.
atque or ac, conj. and, as,
than.
atrium -i, n. a hall.
atrox -ocis, adj. gloomy, cruci,
harsh, violent.
attribuo -ere -ui -utum, v. 3.
a. to assign, attribute.
auctor -oris, m. a founder-,
anthor; adviser, instigator.
audacia -ae, f. boldness, dar-
ing.
audax -acis, adj. hold, daring.
audeo -ere, ausus sum, v. 2.
seini-dep. to dare.
audio -Ire -ivi or -ii -Itum, v.
4 a. to hear.
aufgro -ferre -tuli -latum, v.
irreg. to carry off, talce
away.aufugio -gre -fugi -fugitum,
V. 3. n. to Jiy, flee, runaway.
augeo -ere, auxi, auctum, v.
2. a. to increase, makelarger.
augur -uris, m. an augur,soothsayer.
augurium -i, n. augury, pro-phecy.
augustus -a -um, adj. vener-
able, stately, majestic.
aurum -i, n. yold.
auspicium -i, n. a sign, omen;
properly an omen from the
jiight of birds;auspices.
aut, conj. or; aut... aut,
either ...or.
autem, conj. but, and, more-over, however.
auxilium -i, n. aid, help-, in
pl. alliedforces,contingents.
Aventinus -i, m. subs. also
adj. agreeing with mons,the Aventine, one of theseven hilis of Rome.
aversus -a -um, adj. turnedaway, on the back, back-
wards.averto -gre -ti -sum, v. 3. a.
to turn away, avert, turn
aside.
avis -is, f. a bird.
avus -i, m. a grandfather
.
barba -ae, f. a beard.
barbarus -a -um, adj. foreign,
barbarous;as subs. a bar
barian, foreigner.
bellum -i, n. war.bene, adv. well.
beneficium -i, n. a kindness,
favour, benefit, .Service.
benigne, adv. kindly,fiavbur-
ably.
bgnignitas -atis, f. kindness,
benevolence, bounty.
bini -ae -a, distrib. numeraladj. two apiece
;
withplural noun, two.
bonus -a -um, adj. good; bona-orum as subs. goods, pro-
perty.
brachium -i, n. an arm.Brennus -i, m. Brennus, king
of the Gauls.
brevis -e, adj. short
;
brevi,
in a short time.
C., abbreviation for Caius or
Oaius, aRomanpraenomen.cado -gre, cecidi, casum, v.
3. n. to fall, happen.caedes -is, f. slaughter,
murder.
72 VOGABULARY.
caedo -6re, cficidi, caesum, v.
3. a. to cut, heaty Icili.
caelestis -e, adj. of or fromthe sky
; c. aqua, rain.
Caere, n. indecl. Caere, atown of Etruria,
calcar -aris, n. a spur.
Camillus -i, in. Camillus, thegreat Roman general.
campus -i, m. a plain.
canis -is, m. and f. a dog.
cano -ere, cecini, cantum, v.
3. n. to sing, play;prophesy.
cantus -us, m. singing, song.
Capenas -atis, adj. ofCapena ;
in pl. the people of Capena,a town in Etruria,
capesso -ere -Ivi -itum, v. 3.
a. to take in hand, undertake, take to.
capio -ere, cepi, captum, v.
3. a. to take, catch, capture;
contain, hold ; cliarm, at-
tract.
Capitolium -i, n. the Capitol,
a temple of Jupiter on theCapitoline hili at Rome.
Capitolinus -a -um, of or in
the Capitol.
captivus -a -um, adj. captured,captive
; a prisoner.
capto, V. 1. a. to endeavour to
catch, lie in wait for.caput -Itis -n. head, life ; chief,
leader.
careo -ere -ui -itum, v. 2. n.
gov. abi. to be without, lack.
carmen -inis, n. a song, poem.Carmentalis -is, adj. of Car-
mentis, a goddess of pro-
phecy;porta C. the Car-
mental gate of Rome.castra -orum, n. a camp.
casus -us, m. a fall', chance,accident.
causa -ae, f. a cause, reason ;
causa with gen. for the sake
ofy for the purpose of.
caveo -ere, cavi, cautum, v.
2. a. and n. to he on one's
guard, heware, beware of,
take precautions.
cavillor, v. 1. dep. to joke,
jest.
cedo -ere, cessi, cessum, v. 3.
n. and a. to go, withdraw;
give way to, yield, retreat.
celSbratus -a -um, adj. /re-
quented, customary, solemn,
brilliant.
celeritas -atis, f. swiftness,
speed.
censeo -ere -ui -um, v. 2. a. to
be of opinion, vote, think.
centurio -onis, m. a centuriem.
cerno -Sre, crevi, cretum, v.
3. a. to distinguish, perceive,
see.
certamen -Inis, n. a contest,
struggle.
certo, v. 1. a. to strive, con-
tend, fight.
certus -a -um, adj. stire, cer-
tain, fixed, trusty.
ceterus -a -um (nom. s. m. notin use), the rest, remainder.
cibaria -orum, n. food, pro-visions.
cibus -i, m. food.cieo -ere, civi, citum, v. 2. a.
to rouse, excite, summon.Cincinnatus -i, m. Cincinnatus,
a Roman dictator,
circa, circum, circiter, adv.
and prep. gov. acc. abo^tt,
around.
VOCABULARY. 73
Circeii -orum, m. Circeii, atown in Latium.
circumaro, v. 1. a. to ploughround.
circumdo -dare -dedi -datum,V. 1. a. to put round, sur-
round ;urbi moenia cir-
cumdat, he Tputs a wall
round the city;
urbemmoenibus c. he surroundsthe city with a wall.
circumeo -ire -Ivi or -ii -itum,
V. irreg. to go round, sur-
round.circumfero -ferre -ttili -latum,
V. irreg. to carry round,cast around.
circummitto -ere -misi -mis-
sum, V. 3. a. to send round.circumsedeo -ere -sedi -ses-
sum, V. 2. a. to sit round,hlockade, hesiege.
circumsono -are -ui -itum, v.
1. a. and n. to resoundaround, resound on everyside.
circumspecto, v. 1. a. to look
round.circumvallo, v. 1. a. to sur-
round with a rampart,huild in.
circumvehor -i -vectus sum,V. 3. dep. to ride round,sail round.
circumvenio -ire -veni -ven-
tum, V. 4. a. to come round,encircle, encompasa
; outwit,
defraud.cis, citra, prep. gov, acc. on
this side of, on the nearside.
citatus -a -um, part. used asadj. hasty,rapid, impetuous.
cito, v. 1. a. to put into quickmotion, rouse, excite.
civilis -e, adj. of a ciiizen,
h(ftting a Citizen, civil.
civis -is, m. and f. a citizen,
fellow-citizen.
civitas -atis, f. citizenship,
state.
clades -is, f. disaster, loss,
defeat.clam, prep. gov. abi. and adv.
without the knowledge ofsecretly.
clamor -oris, m. shout, cry,
war-cry.clangor -oris, m. clang, noise,
cackling of geese.
clarus -a -um, adj. bright,
ciear ; loud; famous, re-
nowned.claudo -6re, clausi, clausum,
V. 3. a. to shut, shut in.
claustra -orum, n. a lock, har,
bolt;barricade.
clivus -i, m. a slope, hili.
Clusinus -a -um, adj. ofClusium.
Cldsium -i, n. Clusium, atown of Etruria.
Cn. Cnaeus -i, m. Cnaeus,a Roman praenomen,
coacervo, v. 1. a. to heap to-
gether.
Cocles -Itis, m. Cocles, thecognomen of Horatius,
coeo -ire -ivi or -ii -itum, v.
irreg. to come together, as-
semble.
coepi -isse, coeptus sum v.
def. to begin.
cognitio -onis, f. knowledge,acquaintance ; inquiry, cog-
nizance.
74 VOGABULARY,
cognomen -inis, n. a familyname, surname.
cognosco -ere -novi -nitum.
V. 3. a. to become acquainU^dwith, inquire into, learn, re-
corjyiize.
cogo -ere, coegi coactum, v.
3. a. to briug togetker, col-
lect, compd.cohaereo -ere -haesi -haesum,
V. 2. n. to stick together,
liold together.
cohors -rtis, f. a cohort, thetenth part of a legion; abody guard, retinue.
colligo -ere -legi -lectum, v. 3.
a. to bring together, collect.
Collinus -a -um, adj. Colline;
porta C. the Colline gate of
Rome.collis -is, m. a hili.
colloquium -i, n. a conversa-
tion, eonference.
colo -Sre, colui, cultum, v. 3.
a. to cidtivate, till\ inhabit)
pay attention to, worship,honour.
colonia -ae, f. a colony.
c5l6nus -i, m. a farmer, colo-
nist.
cominus, adv. ha.nd to hand,at close quarters.
Comitium -i, n. the Comitium,a place near the forumwhere public assemblieswere held ; in pl. Ihe elec-
tions.
comitor, v. 1. dep. to accom-pany.
commendo, v. 1- a. to intrust,
commit.commeo, v. 1. a. to go to andfro.
commoveo -ere -movi -motum,V. 2. a. to move, disUirb,
affect.
communio -ire -Ivi or-ii -Itum,
V. 4. a. to fortify.
comparo, v. 1. a. to com-pare
; prepare, acquire,
collect.
compello -ere -ptili -pulsum,V. 3. a. to drive together,
collect, force.
complector, v. 1. dep. toclasp,
embrace.
compleo -ere -evi -etum, v. 2.
a. to fili, complete.
complexus -us, m. an em-brace.
compono -6re -pSsui -pdsitum,
V. 3. a. to put together,
arrange, appeasc.
compositus -a -um, part.
arranged;
ex composito,
by arrangement, by agree-
ment.
comprShendo -ere -di -sum,V. 3. a. to grasp, seizc,
arrest.
concedo -ere -cessi -cessum,V. 3. a. to gire way, yield,
grant, asaent to, alloiv.
concilium -i, n. a meeting,
assembly.
concito, V. 1. a. to excite,
arouse.
conclamo, v. 1, n. to cry out
together.
concordia -ae, f. agreement,
unio», concord.
concurro -ere -curri -cursum,V. 3. n. to run together.
concursus -us, m. a runningtogether, concourse, encoun-
ter, charge.
VOGABULARY. 75
conditor -oris, m. a maker,establisher, founder.
condo -ere -didi -ditum, v. 3.
a. to put together, found,establish ; compose ; conceal.
confero -ferre -tuli -latum, v.
irreg. to bring together, col-
lect ;compare ; contribute ;
se conferre, to betake one-
se/f
;
signa c. to bring the
Standard^ together, i. e. to
Jight a pitched battle.
confertus -a -um.adj. crowdedtogether.
confessio -onis, f. confession,
admUsion.confestim, adv. hastily,
quickly.
'conficio -ere -feci -fectum, v.
3. a. to accomplish, finish,
complete, exhaust, destroy,
kill.
confirmo, V. l.a. to strengthen,
cheer; conjirm, affirm.
confligo -ere -flixi -flictum, v.
3. n. to dafih together, strug-
glc, contend.
confluentes -ium, m. a placewhere two rivers meet.
confugio -ere -fugi -fOgitum,V. 3. n. to jly for refige,
take refuge.
congredior -i -gressus sum,v.3.dep. to meet, fight, contend.
congrego, v. 1. a. to collect,
gather ; in pass. to flochtogether, assemble.
congruo -ere -i, v. 3. n. to
agree, coincide.
conjicio -ere -jeci -jectum, v.
3. a. to throw, hurl.
conjuro, V. 1. a. to swear to-
gether, conspire, combine.
conjux -jtlgis, m. and f. hus-
band, wife.
c5nor, v. 1. dep. to try,
attempt.
conscribo -ere -scripsi -scrip-
tum, V. 3. a. to write downtogether, enrol troops
;com-
pose, write.
conscriptus -a -um, part. en-
rolled, chosen ;patres con-
scripti,/a^Aers andelect, i. e.
senafors.
consensus -us, m. agreement,general consent.
consentio -ire -sensi -sensum,V. 4. n. to agree, consent,
sympathise.consequor -i -secutus sum, v.
3. dep. to follow after, over-
take, attain to, obtain, ac-
quire.
consgro -ere -serui -sertum,V. 3. a. to join
;manum,
or proelium conserere, to
join battle, come to close
quarters.
consido -ere -sedi -sessum, v.
3. n. to sit down, evcamp.consilium -i, n. advice, coun-
sel, plan;prudence, judg-
ment, ability;policy.
consisto -6re -stiti -stitum,V. 3. n. tn stand stili, take
up a position, hold one's
ground, halt.
consocio, V. 1. a. to make com-mon, associate, join, com-bine.
conspectus -us, m. range ofsight, sight, view.
conspicio -ere -spexi -spectum,V. 3. a. to catch sight of^behold, see, gaze at.
76 VOGABULARY,
conspicor, v. 1. dep. to catch
si(fhf of, see.
constituo -ere -ui -utum, v.
3. a. to set up, settle, place ;
appoint, defermine.
consto -are -stiti -stltuni, v.
1. n. to stand, consist of;constat, impers. it isagreed,
it is well known.consuesco -§re -suevi -suetum,
V. 3. n. to grow accustomed,accustom oneself.
consuetus -a -uin, adj. accus-
toiiied, usual.
consul -alis, m. a consul,
chief magistrate at Rome.consularis -e, adj. o/ or be-
longing to a consul.
consulo -ere -ui -Itum, v. 3.
a. and n. to consuit, aslc tlie
advice of
;
with dat, to con-
suit the interesta of someone.
consultum -i, n. a decree.
consumo -ere -sumpsi -sump-tum, V. 3. a. to consume, use
up, spend.
consurgo -ere -surrexi, sur-
rectum, v. 3. a. to rise
up.
contemno -ere -tempsi -temp-tum, V. 3. a, to despisc.
contemplor, v. 1. dep. to gazeat, observe.
contendo -6re -di -tum, v. 3.
n. to strive, hasten to ; con-
tend with.
conterreo -ere -ui -Itum, v. 2.
a. to frighten, terrify.
contineo -ere -ui -tentum, v.
2. a. to hold together, keeptogeiher; hold hack, restrain,
check, hold.
continuo, v. 1. a. to carry onwithout a hreak.
continuus -a -um, adj. un-broken, contiuuous, succes-
sive.
contio -onis, f. an asaembly,meeting
;speech.
contra, prep. gov. acc., andadv. against, opposite
;on
the other hand.conubium -i, n. alliance by
marriage, right oj inter-
marriage.convello -ere -velli -vulsum,
V. 3. a. to tear up, pull up.
convenio -ire -veni -ventum,V. 4, n. and a. to come to-
gether, meet;have an Inter-
vieio with
;
impers. to be
agreed upon; with dat. to
suit, befit.
converto -6re -i -sum, v. 3. a.
to turn round, change;
signa c. to turn the stand-
ards, i. e. to wheel about.
coorior -Iri -ortus sum, v. 4.
dep. to arise.
copia -ae, f. plenty, wealth,
abundance, means;
in pl.
forces.
coquo -ere, coxi, coctum, v. 3.
a. to cook.
c5ram, prep. gov. abi,, andadv. in the presence of, be-
fore the face of; in someone’s presence.
Coriolanus -a -um, adj. ofCorioli, surnaineof C. Mar-cius.
Corioli -orum, m. Corioli, atown of the Volscians.
cornu -us, n. a horn ; the wing
of an army.
VOCABULARY, 77
sorpus -6ris, n, a hody.
cortex -icis, m. bark, corlc.
credo -ere -didi -ditum, v. 3.
a. to entrust, trust, believe.
CrSmera -ae, f. the Cremera,a river in Etruria,
creo, V. 1. a. to create, appoint,
elect.
crepitus -us, m. a rattling or
creaking sound.cresco -ere, crevi, cretum, v.
3. n. to grow, increase.
crinis -is, m. hair.
cruentus -a -um, adj. blood-
stained, bloody.
Crustuminus -a -um, adj. ofCrustumerium, a town in
the Sabine country.cubile -is, n. a couch, bed, d^n.
culpa -ae, f. a faidt, defect,
blame.
cum, prep. gov. abi. with, to-
gether with.
cumulus -i, m. a heap, pile.
cunctatio -onis, lingering, hesi-
tation, delay.
cunctor, v, 1. dep. to delay,
linger.
cunctus -a -um, adj. all, ali
together.
cuniculus -i, m. a rabbit;an
underground passage, amine.
cupido -dinis, f. desire.
cupio -ere -ivi or -ii -itum, v.
3. a. to desire.
Ciira -ae, f. care, anxiety
;
management, charge.
curia -ae, f. the Senate house.
cdro, V. 1. a., to take care of,
take charge of, attend to.
currus -us, m. a chariot, car.
sursus -us, running, course.
curulis -e, adj. belonging to achariot
;sella c. the curule
chair, officiat chair used byconsuis, etc., at Rome.
cuspis -idis, f. thepoint of any-thing
;a spear.
custodia -ae, f. care, watching,
protection;
custody ; aguard, i. e. the men onguard, guard-post.
custodio -ire -ivi or -ii -itum,
V. 4. a. to guard, watch.
custos -odis, m. a guard,watchman.
damno, v. 1. a. to condemn.de, prep. gov. abi. downfrom,from, o/; concerning.
decem, num. adj. indecl. ten.
decerno -ere -crevi -cretum,
V. 3. a. to decide, determine,
decree;
decide by combat,
fight it out.
decimus -a -um, adj. tenth.
decipio -ere -cepi -ceptum,V. 3. a. to deceive.
decretum -i, n. a decree, de-
cision.
decurro -ere -chcurri or -curri
-cursum, v. 3. n. to rundown, make a raid.
decus -6ris,n. ornament,grace,glory, honour.
dedicatio -onis, f. dedication,
consecration.
dedico, v. 1. a. to dedicate,
consecrate.
deditio -onis, f. surrender.
dedo -6re -didi -ditum, v. 3.
a. to surrender.deduco -6re -duxi -ductum,
V. 3. a. to lead down, con-
duct, escort.
78 VOCABULARY.
defectio -onis, f. a revolt.
defendo -ere -di -sum, v. 3. a.
to ward off ; defend.defero -ferre -tuli -latum, v.
irreg. to carry down, bringdoion, deliver, ojfer ; hextom,
confer ;bear Information,
report.
deficio -6re -feci -fectum, v.
3. a. and n. to fail, aban-don, desert, revolt.
defigo -6re -fixi -fixum, v. 3.
a. to fasten down, fix ; to
strike motionless (withastonishment, etc.), to
astound.
defluo -ere -fluxi -fluxum, v.
3. n. toflow down, slip down.defodio -ere -fodi -fossum, v.
3. a. to dig down, bury in
the ground.defugio -ere -fugi -fiigitum,
V. 3. a. and n. to run awayfrom, avoid,flee.
defungor -i -functus sum, v.
3. dep. to perform com-pletely, discharge, complete.
degredior -i -gressus sum,V. 3. dep. to go down,descend.
dwn and deinde, adv. there-
after, then, next.
dejicio -ere -jeci -jectum, v.
3. a. to throw down.delectus -us, m. a choosing,
lery of troops.
deleo -ere -evi -etum, v. 2. a.
to blot out, destroy, put anend to.
deligo, V. 1. a. to bind down,bind fast.
deligo -6re -legi -lectum, v. 3.
a. to pick out, choose.
Delphi -orum, m. Delphi, atown in Greece famed for
its temple and oracle ofApollo.
Delphicus -a -um, adj. ofDelphi.
demigro, v. 1. a. to emigrate,depart, remove from placeto place.
demum, adv. at length.
dens -ntis, m. a tooth.
denuntio, v. 1. a. to give
notice, announce, command,threaten.
depello -ere -piili -pulsum, v.
3. a. to drive away, expel,
repel, dislodge.
deprehendo -6re -di -sum, v.
3. a. to seize, overtake, catch,
detect.
descendo -6re -di -sum, v. 3.
n. to go down, dencend.
des6ro -6re -ui -rtum, v. 3. a.
fo abandon, desert.
desertus -a -ura, part. of
desero, deserted, solitary,
Waste.
desiderium -i, n. longing, re-
gret.
desilio -ire -ui -sultum, v. 4.
n. to leap down.despero, v. 1. n. to despair,
despair of.
destino, v. 1. a. to design, in-
tend, appoint.
destituo -6re -ui -utum, v. 3.
a. to abandon, desert, de-
fraud.desum -esse -fui, v. irreg. tg
be wanting, be ahsent, fail,
abandon.deterreo -ere -ui -Itum, v. 2. a,
to frighten, deter, hinder.
VOOABULARY. 79
detracto or detrecto, v. 1. a.
to decline, refuse, reject,
avoid.
detraho -ere -traxi -tractum,
V. 3. a. to drau of, take
away, deprive, disparage.
detrecto, see detracto,
detrudo -6re -trusi -trusum,
V. 3. a. to thrust down, pushdoim.
deturbo, v. 1. a. to cast down,dislodge, heat down.
deus -i, m. a god.
dexter -tra -trum and -tera
-terum, adj. on the right
hand, right ; dextra -ae, f.
the right hand.dico -ere, dixi, dictum, v. 3.
a. to say, speak, name, ap-
point.
dictator -oris, m. a dictator.
dictatura -ae, f. dictatorship.
dictum -i, n. a saying.
diduco -ere -duxi -ductum, v.
3. a. to draw apart, separ-
ate, disperse.
dies -ei, m. and f. in sin", m.in pl. a day ; diem dicere
alicui, to jix a day for his
trial, hring to tricd.
dignus -a -um, adj. worthy.dilabor -i -lapsus sum, v. 3.
dep. to fall asunder, dis-
perse, fall topieces.
dimicatio -onis, f. a fight,
comhat.dimico, v. 1. a. to fight, con-
tend.
dimitto -ere -misi -missum, v,
3. a. to send away, dismiss,
let go, give up.
direptio -onis, f; plundering,pillaging.
dirigo -ere -rexi -rectum, v.
3. a. to set straight, drawup in a straight line.
dirimo -ere -emi -emptum, v.
3. a. to part, separate, in-
terrupt, hreak ojf.
diripio -6re -ripui -reptum, v.
3. a. to tear in pieces, plun-der, ravage.
discedo -ere -cessi -cessum, v.
3. n. to depart.
discerno -ere -crevi -cretum,
V. 3. a. to separate, dis-
tinguish, discern, decide,
settle a dispate.
disciplina -ae, f. instruction,
learning, training ; hnow-ledge of any art.
discordia -ae, f. disagreement,dissension, discord.
discrimen -inis, n. a distance,
division, space hetween twothings
;distinction, differ-
ence;danger, risk.
discurro -ere -curri -cursum,V. 3. n. to run in different
directions.
dispar -paris, adj. unlike, dif-
ferent, ill-matched, unequal.dispono -ere -pfisui -pdsitum,
V. 3. a. to set in different
positions, dispose, arrange.dissimulo, v. 1. a. to pretend
that a thing is not what it is,
keep secret, disguise, con-
ceal.
dissipo, V. 1. a. to scaiter,
disperse.
dissSnus -a -um, adj. dis-
cordant.
distineo -ere -ui -tentum, v.
2. a. to keep apart, part^
Idivide.
80 rOCABULARY.
disto -are, no perf. or sup.
to stand apart, be separate ;
difler.
divido -ere -visi -visum, v, 3.
a. to divide.
divinus -a -um, adj. of the
gods. divine.
do, dare, dedi, datum, v. 1.
a. to give.
doceo -ere -ui -ctum, v. 2. a.
to teach, teli.
dolor -oris, m. grief, pain.dolus -i, m. an artifice, deceit,
trick, deception.
domo -are -ui -Itum, v. 1.
a. to tnme, suhdue.
domus -us, f. house, home,household.
donec, conj. while, as longas,until.
ddnum -i, n. a gift.
dubius -a -um, adj. douhtful.
duco -6re, duxi, ductum, v. 3.
a. to lead, draw;think, con-
sider;prolong
;construet.
ductus -us, m. leadership.
dulcedo -Inis, f. sweetness,
pleasantness, charm.dum, conj. while, so long as,
until;provided that.
duo -ae -o, num. adj. two.
du5deni -ae -a, num. adj.
twelve each.
duplex -Icis, adj. twofold,
douhle.
dux, ducis, m. and f. a leader,
guide.
e, ex, prep. gov. abi. out of,
from, in consequence of,
according to.
eadem, adv. (abi. fem. of
idem) hy the same way.
eburneus -a -um, adj. ofivory.edico -6re -dixi -dictum, v. Z.
a. to declare, proclaim, de-
cree.
edictum -i, n. a proclamation,edict.
editus -a -um, part. of edo,
elevated, high, lofty.
edo -ere -didi -ditum, v. 3. a.
to give forth, give hirth to,
proclaim, utter;
produce,bring about, perpetrate.
educo, V. 1. a. to bring up,educate.
educo -6re -duxi -ductum, v.
3. a. to lead out.
effugio -ere -fugi -fbgltum,
V. 3. a. and n. to escape.
effundo -ere -fudi -fusum, v.
3. a. to pour out, shed ;
pass. in middle sense, to
pourforth, rush out, over-
fiow ;perf. part. outpoured,
i. e. disorderlg, straggling.
Sgeo -ere -ui, v. 2. n. to need,
be in need of, gov. abi.
egredior -i -gressus sum, v.
3. dep. to go out, get out ;
disembark.
egregius -a -um, adj. excel-
lent, surpassing, extra-
ordinary.elicio -ere -licui and -lexi, v.
3. a. to entice out, drawowt.
eludo -ere -si -sum, v. 3. a.
to baffle, deceive, mock.emitto -ere -misi -missum, v.
3. a. to send out, let out,^
6nim, conj. /or.
enitor -i -nisus or -nixus sum,V. 3. dep. to climb, struggle,
strive.
FOCABULARY. 81
oO, adv. thither, to ihat place ;
on that account ;hy so
much (followed by quo),
eo, ire, ivi or ii, itum, v.
irreg. to go.
gpulae -arum, f. a feast, ban-
quet.
gpulor, V. 4. dep. to feast.
gques -itis, m. a horseman,rider ;
in pl. cavalry.
gquitatus -us, m. cavalry.
equus -i, m. a horse.
erga, prep. gov. acc. towards,
used of feeling and con-
duct, not of motion.
ergo, adv. therefore ;with
gen. on account of.
eripio -ere -ripui -reptum, v.
3. a. to snatch away, rescue.
erumpo -ere -rupi -ruptum,V. 3. n. to burst out, sally
forth.
6t, conj. and, even, also ; et
... et, both ... and.etiam, adv. eve?i, also.
Etruria -ae, f. Etruria, acountry of Italy, north of
Rome.Etruscus -a -um, of Etruria,
Etruscan.etsi, conj. though, altkough.
evado -ere -vasi -vasum, v. 3.
n. to go out, turn out, fcdl
out in some way ; come off(conqueror, etc.).
eveho -6re -vexi -vectum, v.
3. a. to carry out
;
in pass.
to ride out.
exaudio -ire -ivi -itum, v. 4.
a. to overhear.
excedo -ere -cessi -cessum, v.
3. a. to go out, go away, goheyond, surpass.
excidium -i, n. overthroio,
destruction.
excio -ire -ivi and -ii -itum,
V. 4. a to call forth, bring
out, rouse, excite.
excipio -ere -cepi -ceptum, v.
3. a. to take out, except ;
take, receive, welcomc ;
catch; succeed to (throne,
etc.) ; se in pedes exc. to
take to one’s feet, i. e. springto the ground.
excito, V. 1. a. to call forth,
rouse.
excuso, V. 1, a. to excuse,
apologize for ; nihil excu-satur, no excuses aremade.
exercitus -us, m. an army.exhaurio -ire -hausi -haus-
tum, V. 4. a. to drain off,
exhaust, empty.exiguus -a -um, adj. scanty,
smcdl, trifling.
exilium -i, n. exile, banish-
ment.
eximius -a -um, adj. distin-
guished, excellent.
eximo -6re -emi -emptum, v.
3. a. to take out, remove,release.
exitus -us, m. a going forth,
departure ; owtlet;end, re-
sxilt, issue.
expecto, V. 1. a. to await.
expedio -ire -ivi and -ii -itum,
V. 4. a. to set free, disen-
tangle, make ready.expello -ere -piili -pulsum, v.
3. a. to drive out, expel,
banish.
expiro, V. 1. a. and n. to
breathe out, expire.
82 FOCABULAEY.
expleo -ere -evi -etum, v. 2. a.
to Jill %iTp, complete.
expono -6re -p6sui -pSsitam,
V. 3. a, toput out, put forth,state, explain.
exprimo -ere -pressi -pressum,
V. 3. a. to squeeze out, extorl,
express.
expugno, V. 1. a. to take hystorm.
exsanguis -e, adj. hloodless.
exsequor -i -s6cutus sum, v.
3. dep. to follow out, pur-sue, carry out, execute.
exstinguo -ere -stinxi -stinc-
tum, V. 3, a. quench, extin-
guish, consume, get rid of.
exsto -are -stiti -stitum, v. 1.
n. to stand out, he promin-ent, exist.
exta -orum, n. entrails.
extemplo, adv. immediately
.
extenuo, v. 1. a. to make thin,
weaken.exterior -ius, comp. adj. from
extra, outer.
externus -a -um, adj. outivard,
foreign, offoreigners.exterreo -ere -ui -itum, v. 2.
a. to frighten, terrify.
exterus -a -um, adj. outside,
strange.
extorqueo -ere -torsi -tortum,
V. 2. a. to wrench away,take hy force, extort.
extra, prep. gov. acc. ,and adv.
outside of, outside.
extremus -a -um, adj. superi,
from extra, tlie farthest,
utmost, last;the end of.
extrinsecus, adiv.fromoutside.
exui -Illis, m. an exile.
exulo, V. 1. n. to live in exile.
exuito, V. 1. n. to leap up,exidt, rejoice.
exuo -6re -ui -utum, v. 3. a.
to strip off, spoil, deprive.
Fabius -i, m., also as adj.
Fabius, Fabian, name of a
clan at Kome.fabula -ae, f. a siory.
facile, adv. easily.
facilis -e, adj. easy.
facinus -6ris, n. a deed, crime.
facio -ere, feci, factum, v. 3.
a. to do, make
;
nihili facere,
to value at nothing, care
nothing for ; iter facere, to
travel, march.factum -i, n. a deed.
Falerii -orum, m. Falerii, acity of Etruria.
Faliscus -a -um, adj. ofFalerii.
fallo -ere, fefelli, falsum, v.
3. a. to deceive, disappoint,
fail ;escape the notice of.
fama -ae, f. rumour, report ;
fame, reputation.
fames -is, f. hunger, famine.familia -ae, f. household,
establishment, family.familiaris -e, adj. of the
family, domestic, familiar ;
f. bellum, a family feud ;
as siibs., a familiar friend.fatalis -e, adj. offate, destined.
fatum -i, n. fate, destiny.
Faustulus -i, m. Faustxdus,
the shepherd who broughtup Romulus and Remus...
faustus -a -um, adj. favuur-able, fortunate, auspicious.
felix -icis, ad], fruitful’, fortu-
nate, lucky.
VOCABULAEY. 83
fere, adv. nearly, ahout ;
mually, generally.
Feretrius -i, m. a surname of
Jnpiter.
ferio -ire, percussi, ictum, v.
irreg. to strike.
ferme, adv. nearly, ahout.
fero, ferre, tuli, latum, v.
irreg. to bear, carry, carry
ojf, endiire; get from an
y
one;
report ; in pass. to
rush;signa ferre, to carry
forward the standards, i. e.
to advance.ferox -ocis, adj. Jierce, war-
like, high-spiritcd.
ferrum -i, n. iron, the
sword.ferus -a -um, adj. wild, Jierce,
savage, cruel ; as subs. fera
-ae, f. a loild beast.
fessus -a -um, adj. weary, ex-
hausted.
festino, v. 1. a. to hasten.
Fidenae -arum, f. Fidenae, a
Sabine town 5 miles N. E.
of Rome.Fidenas -atis, adj. of Fidenae ;
in pl. the people of Fidenae.fido -ere, fisus sum, v. 3. semi-
dep. to trust.
fidus -a -um, adj. trusty, tntst-
worthy, failhfid.
figo -ere, fixi, fixum, v. 3. a.
to fix, fasten, pierce.
filia -ae, f. a daughter.
filius -i, m. a son.
finis -is, m. and f. an end,
limit
;
in pl. boundaries,
territories.
finitimus -a -um, adj. border-
ing on, neighbpuring ; as
subs. finitimi, neighbours.
fio, fieri, factus sum, v. irreg.
to become, be made.firmo, V. 1. a. to strengthen,
fortify.
firmus -a -um, adj. steadfast,
^fitrong.
fiagro, V. 1. a. to hlaze, bxirn,
gloio; be inflamed., excited.
flamen -Inis, m. a priest.
fiecto -ere, flexi, flexam, v. 3.
a. to bend, tum;prevail
upon.fletus -us, m. weeping.
fluito, V. 1. a. to float, drift.
flumen -inis, n. stream, river.
fluo -ere, fluxi, fluxum, v. 3.
n. to flow.foculus -i, m. a little hearlh,
brazier.
foedus -eris, n. a treaty, agree-
ment.
foedus -a -um, adj. foul, dis-
graceful, dishonourable.
forma -ae, f. shape, form,appearance
;bmuty.
fors, fortis, f. chance, luck;
abi. forte as adv., bychance.
fortis -e, adj. brave.
fortitudo -dinis, f. courage,
resolution.
fortuna -ae, f. fortune.
forum -i, n. the market place,
forum, where public busi-
ness was carried on.
fossa -ae, f. a ditch, trench.
fragor -oris, m. a crash.
frango -ere, fregi, fractum, v.
3. a. to break, criish; breakone's resolution.
frater -tris, m. a brother.
fraus, fraudis, i.fraud, deceit,
treachery.
84 VOGABULABY,
frequens -ntis, adj. repeated,
frequent,numerom,crowded ;
freqmnted.frons -ntis, l. forehead, hrow,
front.
frtlgem -is, pl. fruges -um, nonom. s. in use, f. fruits ofthe earth, ‘produce..
frumentum -i, n. corn.
fruor -i, fruitus and fructus
sum, V. 3. dep. to enjoy.
frustror, v. 1, dep. to deceive,
dimppoint.fiiga -ae, f. jlight.
fugio -ere, fugi, fdgitum, v.
3. n. and a. to fly, fiy from,escape the notice qf.
fugo, V. 1. a. to put to flight,
rout.
fundo, V. 1. a. to found.fundo -ere, fudi, fusum, v.
3. a. to pour, pour out ;to
put to flight, scatter, rout.
Gabinus -a -um, adj. oj Gabii,
a town in Latium,Gallicus -a -um, adj. oJ the
Gauls, Gallic.
Gallus -i, m. a Gaul.gaudeo -ere gavisus sum, v.
2. semi-dep. to rejoice, he
glad.
gaudium -i, n. gladness, joy.
gemino, v. 1. a. to douhle.
geminus -a -um, adj. twin,
douhle.
gfiner -eri, m. son-in-law.
gens -ntis, f. a race, nation,
clan.
genus -eris, n. race, kind, sort.
ggro -ere, gessi, gestum, v. 3.
a. to hear, carry on, per-
form; magistratum gerere.
to administer an oflice ; rembene gerere, to succeed,
prosper ; se gerere, to hear
oneself, conduct oneself.
gigno -ere, genui, ggnitum, v.
3. a. to heget, bring forth,
hear, produce.gladius -i, m. a sword.gloria -ae, f. fame, glory, re-
nown.grassor, v. 1. dep. to go ahout,
move ahout, proceed.
grates, only used in nom. andacc. pl. thanks.
gratia -ae, f. favour, kindness,
gratitude, popularity, in-
flnence ; in pl. thanks.
gratulor, v. 1. dep. to con-
gratulate.
gratus -a -um, adj. pleasing,
acceptahle, thankfid.
gravis -e, n. heavy, weighty,
burdened;important, seri-
ous, severe, disagreeahle.
gravitas -atis, f. weight;
dignity.
gurges -itis, m. abyss, Whirl-
pool, eddy.
habeo -ere -ui -itum, v. 2. a.
to have, hold, consider
:
senatum habere, to hold ameeting of the Senate
;hon-
orem habere, to pay honourto.
habitus -us, m. condition,
plight, appcarance;deport-
ment, dress.
haereo -ere, haesi, haesum, v.
2. n. ^0 stick, cling-, hesitate.
haruspex -spicis, m. an inter-
preter of sacrifices, sooth-
sayer.
VOCABULARY. 86
nasta -ae, f. a spear.
haud. adv. not at all, hy nomeans.
haurio -ire, hausi, haustum,V, 4. a. to draw vp, drain,
drink up, suck down.Herminius -i, m. Herminius,
one of the companions of
Horatius on the bndge,afterwards killed at LakeEegillus.
Hernici -orum, m. the Hernici,a tribe of Latium,
hibernacula -orum, n. winterquarters.
hic, haec, hoc, gen. hujus,
dem. pron. this, he.
hic, adv. here.
hiccine = hic with interroga-
tive particle.
hi6mo, V. 1. n. to spend the
winter, to winter, remain in
winter-quarters.
hiems -emis, f. winter, stormyiveather, s^orm.
hinc, adv. hence; hinc. ..hinc,on this side ...on that.
homo -inis, m. and f. a humanbeing. man.
honor and honos -oris, m.hononr, pnbLic office ;
hon-orem habere alicui, to hon-our some one.
honCro, v. 1. a. to honour,respect.
hora -ae, f. an hour, sea^on.
Horatius -i, m. Horatius, nameof a Roman gens or clan.
horrendus -a -um, adj. dread-jul, terrible.
hospitium -i, n. hospitality,
the lie oj hospitality;
aplace of entertainment.
hostia -ae, f. o victim.
hostilis -e, adj. of an enemy,hostile.
hostis -is, m. an enemy.humanus -a -um, adj. of man,human.
humilitas -atis, f. lowness,
meanness, insignifi<ance.
humus -i, f. the ground,humi, adv. really locative of
humus, on the ground.
ibi, adv. ihere, in that place.
ico, icere. Ici, ictum, v. 3. a.
to strike;
especially in
phrase foedus ieeiQ,to strike,
or make a treaty.
ictus -us, m. a blow.
Idem, eadem, idem, pron. andadj. the same, he also ; abi.
fem. s. eadem, by the sameviay.
igitur, conj. therefore.
ignarus -a -um, adj. not know-ing, ignorant.
ignavus -a -um, adj. inactive,
slothful, coujardly.
ignis -is, m. fire.
ignoro, v. 1. a. to be ignorant
of.
ignotus -a -um, adj. un-known.
ille, illa, illud, gen. illius,
pron. and adj. that, he, she,
it.
immensus -a -um, adj. im-measurahle, houndle-<s, vast.
immineo -ere, -ui, v. 2. n. to
overhang, impend, threaten.
immolo, v. 1. a. originally to
sprinkle a victim withsacri-
ficial meal ; hence, to sac-
rifice.
86 VOGABULARY.
immortalis -e, adj. immortal.impar -paris, adj. unequal,
not a match for, inferior.
impedio -ire -ivi or -ii -itum,
V. 4. a. io hinder.
impello -ere -puli -pulsum, v.
3. a. io drive on, urge on,
impel, drive forward.imperator -oris, m. a com-mander, general.
imperito, v. 1. a. io command,gorern.
imp§ritus -a -um, adj. ?«n-
skilled, inexperienced in,
xinaequainted with.
imperium -i, n. command.,authority, supreme com-mand, empire.
impero, v. 1. a. and n. to
command, demand, exact,
levy.
impetus -us, m. an aitaclc,
charge, onset.
impetro, v. 1. a. to ohtain one’s
request, ohtain.
impiger -gra -grum, adj. not
indolent;
active, energetie.
impigre, adv. actively,quickly
,
readily.
impleo -ere -plevi -pletum, v.
2. a. to fili, fili up.
imploro, v. 1. a. to call tipon
for aid, invoke, beseech,
implore.
impono -ere -posui -positum,
V. 3. a, to place upon, im-
pose.
impotens -ntis, adj. power-less, weak ; having no con-
trol over, violent, immo-derate.
Improvidus -a -um, adj. not
foreseeing, improvident.
in, prep. gov. acc. into, to,
against, for, gov. abi. in,
on.
incassum, adv. in vain.
incedo -ere -cessi -cessum, v.
3. n. to march along, ad-vance.
incendium -i, n. a burning,
fire, confiagration.
incertus -a -um, adj. un-. certain.
incido -6re, -cidi, v. 3. n. to
fall into, fall in loitli.
incipio -ere -cepi -ceptum, v.
3. a. to begin.
inclamo, v. 1. a, to cry out
to, call upon, invoke.
inclino, v. 1. a. and n. to henddown, turn back ;
give icay,
yield.
incolumis -e, adj. unhurt,safe,
sound.
inconditus -a -um, adj. irre-
gular, disordered, confused,
uncouth, artless.
increpo -are -ui -itum, v. 1.
a. to blame, rebuke, re-
prove.
incruentus -a -um, adj. blood-
less, without hloodsked.
incubo -are -ui -itum, v. 1. n.
io lie upon, lean upon, pre.ss
upon.incurro -6re -curri, and
-cucurri -cursum, v. 3. n. to
run into, rttsh at, aiiack,
I invade, make a raid upon.
I
incursio -onis, f. an onset,
attack, raid.
Iincurso, v. 1. a. to attack,
make a raid upon.inde, adv. thence, then, nexi
after that.
VOCABULARY. 87
Indico, V. 1 . a. lo point out,
indicate, disclose, reveal,
show.indico -6re -dixi -dictum, v.
3. a. to declare, prodaim.indies, adv. from day to
day, daily ; used with com-paratives, etc., to implydaily increase or decrease.
indignatio -onis, f. indig-
nation.
indignitas -atis, f. insulting
treatinent, insuit, indignity.
indignus -a -um, adj. un-loorthy, undeserving.
indutiae -arum, f. a truce,
armistice.
ineo -ire -ivi and -ii -itum, v.
irreg. a. to go into, enter,
hegiii.
inermis -e, adj. unarmed.infandus -a -um, adj. not to
be spoken of, unspeakable,
abominable.infans -ntis, m. and f. an
infant, child.
Infelix -icis, adj. unfortunate,unluclcy, unhappy.
infensus -a -um, adj. hostile,
enraged, dangerous.infero -ferre -tuli -latum, v.
irreg. to brivg in, bear in,
introduce;
ivflict, cause;
bellum inf. to attack, in-
vade ; signa inf. to advanceto battle.
infestus -a -um, adj. unsafe,dangerous, hostile.
infimus -a -um, adj. superi.
from infra, lowesf, last.
infirmus -a -um, adj. weak.infra, adv. and prep. gov.
acc. beneath, below.
ingens -ntis, adj. huge, enor-
mous.ingratus -a -um, adj. un-
pleasing, disagreeahle, un-
grateful.
ingredior -i -gressus sum, v.
3. dep. to enter.
ingruo -ere -ui, v. 3. n. to
break into, assail, attack.
initium.-i, n. a beginning.
injicio -6re -jeci -jectum, v.
3. a. to ihvow upon, throio
into, lay upon ; bring into,
inspire, cause.
injuria -ae, f. a wrong,injury.
injussus -us, n. only in abi.
ivithout the orders of.
innitor -i -nisus and -nixus
sum, V. 3. dep. to lean
upon, rest upon.
inopia -ae, f. want, scarciiy,
feivness, poverty.
inopinatus -a -um, adj. un-
expected.
inprimis, adv. among thejirst,
chiefly, especially.
inquam, v. def. I say.
insero -ere -sSrui -sertum, v.
3. a. to bring in, introduce,
insert.
insidiae -arum, f. an ambush,plot, artifice.
insignis -e, adj. remarkable,distingushed, noted, con-
spicuous, illu.strious.*'
insisto -ere -stiti -stitum, v.
1. n. to stand upon, pressupon, assail.
insolens -ntis, adj. haughty,insolent.
insolitus -a -um, adj. un-wonted, unusual.
88 VOCABULARY.
insperatus -a -um, adj. un-hoped for, unexpected, un-
foreseen.
instinguo -ere -stinxi -stinc-
tum, V. 3. a. to instujate,
incite, impel, inspire.
insto -are -stiti -stitum, v. 1.
n. to stand upon;
press
closely, attack, be at hand,impend.
instruo -ere -struxi -structum,
V. 3. a. to build;arrancje,
draw up an army ; furnish,prepare.
intactus -a -um, adj. un-tonched.
integer -gra -grum, adj. tm-touched, unharmed, whole,
unimpaired, healthy.
intendo -ere -di -tum and -sum,V. 3. a. to stretch forth, aimat, direct, purpoae, intend.
intentus -a -um, part. intent
upon, eager.
inter, prep. gov. acc. between,
among, in the course of ;
inter se, each other, to eachother, mutually.
intercurro -ere -curri -cursum,V. 3. n. run between, haaten
in the meantime.interea, adv. in the mean-
time, meanwhile.interficio -6re -feci -fectiun,
3. a. to Iciltt
intarim, adv. meanwhile.interimo -6re -emi -emptum,
V. 3. a, to destroy, kill.
interior -us, comp. adv.
inner.
intermitto -ere -misi -missum,V. 3. a. to leave off, intermit,
inlerrupt.
interpono -6re -p6sui, p5si-
tum, V. 3. a. to place be-
tween, interpose, allege.
interprgs -prfetis, m. and f.
an interpreter.
interrumpo -ere -rupi -rup-
tum, V. 3. a. to break amn-der, break down ;
break off,
interrupt.
intervallum -i, n. a space be-
tween, interval;
respite,
pause.intervenio -ire -veni -ventum,
V. 4. a. to come between,
intervene, inter/ere.
intolerandus -a -um, adj. unbearable, unendurable.
intra, adv. and prep. gov. acc.
within, inside.
intro, V. 1. a. to enter.
intueor -eri -tuitus sum, v. 2.
dep. to look at, observe, con-
template.
intutus -a -um ,adj . unguarded,dffenceless, tuisafe.
invado -6re -vasi -vasum, v. 3.
a. to go into, rush upon,attack.
inveho -6re -vexi -vectum, v.
3. a. to carry into;in pass.
to ride into, sail into, chargeagainst.
invdnio -ire -veni -ventum, v.
4. a. to find.inviolatus -a -um, adj. un-
harmed.invisitatus -a -um, adj. un-
seen, unfamiliar.
invoco, V. 1. a. to call ilpon,
invoke.
ipse -a -um, gen. ipsius, pronself, he himself.
Iira -ae, f. anger.
VOCABULARY. 89
Irascor -i, iratus sum, v. 3.
dep. to grow angry.
irreligiosus -a -um, adj. hn-
pious.
irrumpo -ere -rupi -ruptum,
V. 3. n. to break in, force
one’s way in.
irruo -ere -rui, v. 3. n, to rush
into, rush against.
is, ea, id, gen. ejus, he, she,
it, that
;
eo, on that account',
eo major, the greater by
that, so much the greater.
ita, adv. so, in such manner,thus.
itaque, conj. and so, there-
fore.
iter, itineris, n, a journey,
march, route ; iter facere, to
travel.
jaceo -ere -ui -itum, v. 2. n.
to lie, lie down, lie dead.
jacio -ere, jeci, jactum, v. 3.
a. to throw, hurl, lay, set,
pitch.
jacto, V. 1. a. to throw, toss
about j discuss ;boast.
jactura -ae, f. loss.
jaculum -i, n. a dart, javelin.
jam, adv. now, already, bythis time.
jamque, adv. and now.Janiculum -i, n. Janiculum,
one of the hilis of Romenorth of the Tiber.
Janus -i, m. Janus, an old
Italian deity ; an archedpassage, arcade, archway.
Jocus -i, m. jest.
jubeo -ere, jussi, jussum, v.
2. a. to order, bid, com-mand.
jugerum -i, n. in pl. is of
3rd decl., a juger, abouttwo-thirds of an Englishacre.
jugulum -i, n. the throat.
jugum -i, n. a yoke or coUarfor horses and oxen ; the
summit or ridge of a moun-tain-, sub j. mittere, to
send under the yoke, in
token of defeat.
jungo -ere, junxi, junctum,,
v. 3. a. to join, yoke, har^
ness.
Juno -onis, f. Juno, queen of
the gods.
Jupiter, Jbvis, m. Jupiter,
king of the gods.
jus, juris, n. law, right,justice,
equity
;
jus gentium, the
law of nations, i. e. the lawgenerally acknowledgedamong mankind.
jussum -i, n. a command,order.
jussus -us, m, used only in
abi. s., an order, com-mand.
justitium -i, n. a cessation ofpublic business
;public
ynourning.
justus -a -um, adj. just, right-
eous; due, proper, regular,
formal.juvenis -is, adj. and suba.
young; a young person, a
youth.
jiiventtls -utis, f. the season
of youth;
as collective
subs. the youth, i. e. all the
youths.
juvo -are, juvi, jutum, v. 1. a.
to help, please, delight.
90 rOCABULARY,
labor -oris, m. lahour, toil.
labor -i, lapsus sum, v. 3 dep.
^ to slip, glide, fall down.lacrima -ae, f. a tear.
lacus -us, m. a lake.
laetitia -ae, f. joy, gladness.
lamentum -i, n. weeping,lamentation.
lapis -idis, m. a stone, a mile-
stone.
Larentia -ae, f. Larentia, wifeof Faustulus.
late, adv. widely, far andwide.
Latinus -a -um, adj. ofLatium, Latin.
latro -onis, m. a rdbher, bri-
gand.
latrocinium -i, n. robhery,
brigandage.latus -eris, n, a side, flanh.latus -a -um, adj. tuide, broad-.
laudo, V. 1. a. to praise.
laus, laudis, f. praise, fame,credit.
legatio -onis, f. an embassy.legatus -i, m. a lieutenant,
ambassador.legio -onis, f. a legion.
lego -Sre, legi, lectum v. 3 a.
to gather, pich up, choose
;
read.
lego, V. 1. a. to send on an em-bassy, appoint as a deputy
;
leave by will.
leniter, adv. gently, gradually.
letum -i, n. death.
levis -e, adj. light, unimpor-tant, slight, trifling, insigni-
ficant.
liber -bri, m. the inner harh
of a tree, substance to write
npon ; a book.
liber -era -erum, adj. free.
liberi -orum, m. children.
licet -ere -uit, v. 2. impers.
it is laioful, is allowed, onemay.
lictor -oris, m. a lictor, anattendant on the Romanconsuis.
limen -inis, n. threshold, en-
trance.
litera -ae, f. a letter oj the
. alphabet ; in pl. a letter,
despatch;literature.
loco, V. 1. a. to place.
locus -i, m. pl. -i and -a, n.
a place, position.
longe, adv. far off.
longinauus-a-um, adj. remote,
distant.
longus -a -um, adj. long.
loquor -i, Ibciitus sum, v. 3.
dep. to speak, say.
lorica -ae, f. a corslet, cuirass.
Lucius -i, m. Lucius, a Romanpraenomen, usually repre-
sented by L.
luctus -us, m. mourning,grief.
ludibrium -i, n. mockery;a
laughing-stock.
ludicrum -i, n. a shoiv, puhlic
games, stage play.
ludus -i, m. a game, play,
sport
;
in pl. public games.lupa -ae, f. a she-wolf.
lux, lucis, f. light.
M., abbreviation for Marcus,a Roman praenomen,
macto, V. 1. a. to sacrifice,
slaughter.
maestus -a -um, adj. sorrow-
fui, sad.
VOCABULARY. 91
magis, adv. comp. of magno-pere, more greatly, more.
magister -tri, m. teacher,
master, keeper ; m. equi-
tum, commander of the
cavalry.
magistratus -us, m. a magis-trale; a magistracy, office,
post.
magnitudo -dinis, f. greatness,
size.
magnus -a -um, adj. great,
important.
majestas -atis, f. dignity,
grandeur, majesty.
major, majus, adj. comp. of
magnus, greater ; natumajor, older
;majores,
ancestors.
mal6, adv. hadly.
malo, malle, malui, v. irreg.
to wish rather, prefer.
malus -a -um, adj. had;
malum as subs. evil, mis-
fortune, mischief.
Mamilius -i, m. Mamilius, aprince of Tusculum, leader
of the Latin army at LakeRegillus.
mamma -ae, f. breast, teat.
mandatum -i, n. a thing
entrusted, commission, mes-sage.
mando, v. 1. a. to commit,enlrust, enjoin, order.
maneo -ere, mansi, mansum,V. 2. a. to remain.
manes -ium, m. the spirits ofthe dead.
Manlius -i, m. Manlius,name of a Roman gens
;
M. Manlius saved theCapitol.
mano, v. 1. a. to jlow, drop,trickle.
manus -us, f. a hand, band oj
men.Marcius -i, m. Marcius, name
of a Roman gens.
mare -is, n. the sea.
Mars, Martis, m. Mars, thegod of war ; batlle.
Martius -a -um, adj. ofMars,warlike. Campus M. the
field of Mars.mater -tris, f. a mother.matr5na -ae, f. a matron,married woman.
maturus -a -um, adj. ripe,
mature, fit ; early.
Matuta -ae, f. Matuta, god-dess of dawn.
maxime, adv. superi, of mag-nopere, most greatly, chiefly,
most of ali.
maximus -a -um, adj. superi,
of magnus, greatest, verygreat.
medius -a -um, adj. middle,middle of.
melior -ius, adj. comp. of
bonus, better.
m6mini -isse, v. def. to re-
member.m6mor -6ris, adj. mindful,
remembering.memoria -ae, f. memory, re-
membranee.mens, mentis, f. mind, inten-
tion.
mensis -is, m. a month.merces -cedis, f. pay, reward,
hire.
metuo -6re -ui -utum, v. 3. a.
to fear.
m^tus -us, m. fear.
92 rOCABULARY.
miles -itis, m. a soldier.
militaris -e, adj. of a soldier,
military ; aetas m. military
age, age for military
Service.
militia -ae, f. military Service,
warfare.milito, V. 1. n. to serve as a
soldier.
mille, adj. indecl. a thoxisand ;
in pl. subs. millia, gen.
millium, thousands;
also
= millia passuum, miles.
minae -arum, f. threats.
minitor, v. 1. dep. to
threaten.
minor, v. 1. dep. to threaten.
minor, minus, adj. comp. of
parvus, smaller, less;natu
minor, younger.
minus, adv. comp. of paullum,less.
miraculum -i, n. a wonder,miracle.
miror, v. 1. dep. to wonder,wonder at, admire.
misceo -ere -ui, mistum andmixtum, v. 2. a. to mix,mingle, throw into con-
fusion.
missilis -e, adj. that may he
thrown, that is thrown.
mitigo, V. 1. a. to makemild,mitigate, soothe, calm.
mitis -e, adj. gentle, mild.
mitto -ere, misi, missum, v.
3. a. to send, utter.
modicus -a -urn, adj. moderate,
middling, scanty.
modo, adv. only, just now,lately.
modus -i, m. measure, limit ;
manner.
moenia -ium, n. the walla ofa city, a city.
mollio -Ire -ivi or -ii -Itum,v. 4. a. to soften.
momentum -i, n. a movingpower, movement, shock ; abrief space of time, amoment.
monitum -i, n. a waming.mons, montis, m. a mountain,
hili.
monstro, v. 1. a. topointout,show, inform.
moribundus -a -um, adj. onthe point of death.
mors, mortis, f. death.
mortalis -e, adj. liable to
death,- mortcd; as subs. a
mortal, a human being.
mos, moris, m. custom, habit,
manner.moveo -ere, movi, motum, v.
2. a. to move, agitate, in-
fluence, induce, excite, causeto waver.
mox, adv. soon, presently.
Mucius -i. m. Mucius, a yoi\ngman who tried to kill
Porsena.mucro -onis, m. a sharp point,
the point of a sword.
muliebris -e, adj. ofa wo?nan,
of women, womanly.mulier -6ris, f. a woman.multitudo -dinis, f. a great
number, multitude, crowd.multum, adv. much.multus -a -um, adj. much,many.
munitio -onis, f. a fortifying,
fortfiration.
munitor -oris, a fortifier^
worker, miner.
VOCABULARY. 93
murus -i, m. a wall.
muto, V. 1. a. and n. to
change, exchange.
nam, conj./or.
namque, conj./or.
nanciscor -i, nactus sum, v.
3. dep. to obtain, get.
nascor -i, natus sum, v. 3.
dep. to be born, spring up,
arise;
perf. pait. natus,
destined by nature for, fol-
lowed by ad with acc.
natura -ae, f. nature, naturalcharacter.
natus -us, m. used only in
abi. s. by birth
;
natu max-imus, eldest
;
magno natu,
of great age.
navis -is, f. a ship.
ne, conj. that not, lest; ne ...
quidem, not even.
n6, interrog. particle.
n6c, ngque, adv. and not,
neither, nor.
necessitas -atis, f. necessity.
necto -ere, nexui, nexum, v.
3. a. to bind, fasten.
nefandus -a -um, adj. not to
be spoken of, impious,abominable.
neglego -ere -lexi -lectum, v.
3. a. to neglect, omit.
nego, V. 1. a. to deny, say no.
refuse.
nfigotium -i, n. business, affair.
nemo -inis (but nullius gene-rally used), m. and f. noone.
ngmus -6ris, n. a grove, wood.n6pos -otis, m. a grandson.Neptunus -i, m. Neptune, god
of the sea.
ngque and nec, conj. and not,
neither, nor.
ngqueo -ire -ivi and -ii, v. 4.
n. tobe unable.
neu, neve, conj. or lest, that
not, = et ne.
ni = nisi, unless.
nihil, subs. indecl. nothing;
as adverb, not at all.
nihilum -i, n. nothing ; nihili,
of no value-, nihilo, withcomparatives, by nothing.
nihilominus, adv. none the
less.
nimis, adv. too much.nisi, conj. if not, unless.
nitor -i, nisus or nixus sum,v. 3. dep. to lean upon, de-
pend upon;
exert oneself,
strive.
no, V. l..a. to swim.n5bilis -e, adj. well Tcnown,
famous, notable ; of noble
birth, noble.
nobilitas -atis, f. renown,nobility ; the nobles.
nocturnus -a -um, adj. of the
night, nightly.
nolo, nolle, nolui, v. irreg. to
be unwilling, not to wish, to
refuse; nolo often=/ wonH,noli = do?^’<.
nomen -inis, n. aname;family,race, people
; Jame.n5n, adv. not.
nos, nostri and nostrum,pron. pl. of ego, we.
noscito, V. 1. a. to know, recog-
nize.
notitia -ae, f. acquaintance,
knowledge.noto, V. 1. a. tomark, indicate,
denote; brand, censure.
94 VOCABULARY.
novus -a -um, adj. new,strange.
nox, noctis, f. night.
noxa -ae, f. hu7't, harm ;crime.
nudus -a -um, adj. naked,exposed, unprotected.
nullus -a -um, gen. -ius, adj.
no, none.
numen -Inis, n. divine will,
divinepowev, deity, divinity.
numero, v. 1. a. to count,
reclcon, pay.numerus -i, m. numher.Numitor -oris, m. Numitor,
king of Alba, deposed byhis brother Amulius,
nunc, adv. now.nunquam, adv. never.
nuntio, v. 1. a. to amiounce.nuntius -i, m. a messeiiyer
;
new-s.
nurus -iis, f. daughter-in-laio.
nusquam, adv. notuhere.
6b, prep. gov, acc. on accoiint
of-
obeo -ire -ivi or -ii -itum, v.
irreg. to goto meet, engagein,
enter upon ; to die.
objicio -ere -jeci -jectum, v. .I.
a. to throw hefore, piare
hefore, expose ; to reproachor taunt ivith.
oblivio -onis, f. forgetfulness.
obruo -6re -rui -titum, v. 3. a.
to overtlirow, ove7'wJielm,
hury, overpower, weighdovm.
obsero, v. 1. a. to holt, bar,
fasten up.
obsideo -ere -sedi -sessum, v.
2. a. to invest, blockade,
besiege.
obsidio -onis, f. a siege.
obstinatus -a -um, adj. fxed,resolved.
obsto -stare -stiti -statum, v,
1. n. to withstand, Kinder
^
oppose.
obstupefacio -6re -feci -fac-
tum, V. 3. a. to astonish,
astound, stupefy, benumh.obtestor, v. 1. dep. to call as
a wihiess, protest, beaeedi,
entreat.
obtineo -ere -ui -tentum, v. 2.
a. to hold, oeenpy, possess,
maintain, acquire.
obtrunco, v. 1. a. to cut down,kill.
obviam, adv. in tlie way of,
to meet, with dat.
occasus -us, m. a fall, setting
of sun, etc., downfall, de-
struction.
occidio -onis, f. destruction,
extermination.
occido -6re -eidi -cisum, v. 3.
a. to strike down, beat, kill.
occupo, V. 1. a. io seize, take
possession of ;to get the atart
of, anticipate.
occurro -ere -curri -cursum,V. 3. n. to run towards,
meet.
octavus -a -um, adj. eighth.
oculus -i, m. the eye.
odium -i, n. Katred, ill-will.
oifero -ferre, obtidi, oblatum,V. irreg. to bring forwai-d,
offer.
omitto -ere -misi -missum, v.
3. a. to let go, let drop, qive
up, abandon, cease doinganything.
omnis -e, adj. ali, every.
VOGABULARY, 95
onfiro, V. 1. a. toload, hurden,overwhelm.
onus -eris, n. a load, hurden.onustus -a -um, adj. laden.
opem -is, nonom. in s,, f., in
s. help ; in pl. wealth,
power, resources, forces.
opera -ae, f. pains, trouble,
Service, means ; operamdare, to take pains, take
care.
opimus -a -um, adj. rich,fer-tile
;spolia opima, spoils
taken hy the victoriousfromthe defeated generat.
opinio -onis, f. opinion, ex-
pcctation, reputation.
oppidanus -a -um, adj. he-
longing to a toion
;
as subs.
townsman.oppidum -i, n. a town.
opportunus -a -um, adj. ft,convenient, suitahle, oppor-tune.
oppugnatio -onis, f. an as-
sault, attack.
oppugno, V. 1. a. to assault,
attack, storm.
opulentus -a -um, adj. wealthy.
opus -6ris, n. work', in pl.
siege works.oraculum -i, n. an Oracle.
orator -oris, m. a speaker;
herald, envoy, ambassador.orbis -is, m. a circle, orb
;
orbis terrae, the circle ofthe earth, the world ; in
orbem, in rotation.
orbo, V. 1. a. to bereave, de-
prive.
ordo -dinis, m. a row, line,
rank oj soldiers, a class ofsociety, regular succession.
origo -ginis, f. beginning,origin, descent.
orior -iri, ortus sum, v. 4.
dep. to rise, arise, spring
from, have one’s origin,
proceed.
ornatus -us, m. equipment,adornment, dress.
orno, V. 1. a. to adorn, em-bellish, equip.
oro, V. 1. a. to pray, entreat.
os, oris, n. mouth, face.os, ossis, n. a bone.
ostendo -6re -di -sum and-tum, V. 3. a. to shoiv, dis-
play, indicate.
ostento, V. 1. a. to shoiv, showoff, display.
otium -i, n. leisure, ease,
rest.
ovo, V, 1. a. to exuit, rejoice ;
to celebrate an ovation, orlesser triumph. •
paciscor -i, pactus sum, v. 3.
dep. to make a bargain,agree, covenant.
pactio -onis, f. a bargain, con-
tract.
Padus -i, m. the river Po.paene, adv. nearly, almost.
paenitet -ere -nit, v. 2. im-pers. to repent, regret.
palam, adv. and prep. gov.abi. openly, in public ; he-
fore, in the presence of.
Palatium -i, n. the Palatium,or Palatine hili, one of theseven hilis of Rome.
palor, V, 1. dep. to wanderabout.
paludatus -a -um, adj. dressedin a generaVs cloak
96 VOGABULARY.
pando -ere, pandi, pansumand passum, v. 3. a. to
open, disdose;passis capil-
lis, with loosened, or dis-
ordered hair.
panis -is, m. bread.
par, paris, adj. equal, like,
similar.
parco -ere, peperci and parsi,
parsum, v. 3. n. gov. dat.
to spare.
parens -ntis, m. and f. aparent.
pareo -ere -ui -itum, v. 2. n.
gov. dat. to obey, submitto.
pario -ere, peperi, partum,V. 3. a. to briny forth, pro-
duce ; accomplish, acquire,
gain.
paro, V. 1. a. to prepare.pars, partis, f. a part,
share.
particeps -cipis, adj. andsubs. sharing
; a sharer.
partim, adv. partly, in part,
with part.
partior -iri -itus sum, v. 4.
dep. to share, divide, dis-
tribute;
perf. part. mayhave passive meaning.
parum, adv. too little, not
enough, not very.
parumper, adv. for a short
time.
parvus -a -um, adj. small,
little.
passim, adv. scattered about,
at random, far and wide.
pastor -oris, m, a shepherd.
pat6facio -6re -feci -factum,
v. 3. a. to lay open, disdose,
expose.
pateo -ere -ui, v. 2. n. to lie
open, be open, extend, be
ciear.
pater -tris, m. a father ; asenator.
patientia -ae, f. endurance,patience.
patior -i, passus sum, v. 3.
dep. to suffer, endure, allow.
patria -ae, f. native land,
country.
pltricius -a -um, adj. patri-
cian.
paucitas -atis, f. fewness,scarcity, small numbe/r.
paucus -a -um, adj. few.paveo -ere, pavi, v. 2. n. to
tremble, quake, be terrifed.
pavidus -a -um, adj. trem-bling, terror-strirken.
pavor -oris, m. quaking,fear,panic.
pax, pacis, f. peace.
pectus -6ris, n. breast.
pecunia -ae, f. riches, wealth,
money.pecus -6ris, n. cattle, a herd,
flock, especially of sheep.
p6des -itis, m. a foot soldier.
pedester -tris -tre, on foot,
foot-, pedestrian.
pello -6re, pepuli, pulsum,V. 3. a. to drive, drive
away, repd, banish.
penes, prep. gov. acc. in the
power of.
penetro, v. 1. a. to penetrale,
make one’s way into.
penuria -ae, f. need, wdnt,scarcity.
per, prep. gov. acc. through,
over, during, by means of.
VOCABULARY. 97
peragro, v. 1 . a. to travel
through, traverse.
percello -ere -ctlli -culsum, v.
3. a. heat down, over-
ihrow, strike;
strike with
dismay, dishearten.
percunctor, v. 1. dep. to ask,
enquire, question.
percutio -ere -cussi -cussum,V. 3. a. to strike.
perduco -6re -duxi -ductum,V, 3. a. to lead through, lead
on, induce, persuade.pgrigrinus -a -um, adj.
foreign.
p6reo -Ire -ivi or -ii -Itum, v.
irreg. to perish.
perfero -ferre -tali -latum, v.
irreg. to carry through, en-
dure, carry, bear tidings.
perficio -ere -feci -fectum, v.
3. a. ^0 complete, accomplish,
carry out.
perfugio -ere -fugi -fflgitum,
V. 3. n. to flee for refuge,
escape, take refuge.
pergo -ere,perrexi,perrectum,V. 3. n. to go straight on,
continue, proceed.
periculum -i, n. danger.peritus -a -um, adj, gov. gen.
skilled in.
permissus -us, m. leave, per-mission.
permitto -ere -misi -missum,V. 3. a. to let go, give up,grant, allow ; to leave it to
someone.permulceo -ere -mulsi -mul-sum, V. 2. a. to stroke ;
soo^he.
perpetro, v, 1. a. to accom-plish, commit.
persgquor -i -secutus sum, v,
3. dep, to folloio after,
pursue, attack.
persuadeo -ere -suasi -suasum,V. 2. n. to persuade, indure,
convince ;gov. dat. and
used impersonally in pass.
perveho -ere -vexi -vectum, v.
3. a. to carry through,
convey.
pervenio -ire -veni -ventum,v. 4. n. to arrive at, reach.
pervinco -ere -vici -victum, v.
3. a. to conquer, prevail on,
induce.
pes, pedis, m. a foot.
pestis -is, Lplague, pestilence\
destruction, ruin.
p6to -6re -ivi or -ii -Itum, v.
3. a. to seek, ask, make for,aim at, attack.
placeo -ere -ui -itum, v. 2. n.
gov. dat. to please;placet,
impers. it is decided.
plaustrum -i, n. a wagon,cart.
plehs -is and plebes -ei, f. the
common people, pleheians.
plenus -a -um, adj. fidl.
plerusque -aque -umque, adj.
very many, a great part,
most.
ploratus -us, m. wailing,
lamentation.plurimum, adv. very much,
most.
plurimus -a -um, adj. superi.
of multus, most, very many.plus, pluris, comp. of multus,used as subs. in sing. as
adj. in pl. more.poena -ae, f. penaltv, punish-
ment.
98 VOGABULABY.
poenitet -ere -nit, v. 2. im-pers. it repents, one is
sorry.
polliceor -eri -itus sum, v. 2dep. to promise.
pondo, adv. in weight; as
indecl. subs. with numera 1
adj. pounds.pondus -6ris, m. a weight.
pono -ere, p6sui, pdsitum, to
place, put, pitch a camp :
lay aside ;set up, erect ; lay
down, surrender;consider-,
ccnise to depend upon.pons, pontis, m. a bridge.
popularis -e, adj. o/ the
people, popxdar.populatio -onis, f. a laying
Waste, devastation.
populator -oris, m. a plun-
derer, raider.
populor, V. 1. dep. to layWaste, ra vage.
populus -i, m. a people, nation,
the people, popxdace.
Pors6na -ae, m. Porsena, kingof Clusium in Etruria,
porta -ae, f. a gate, door.
portendo -ere -di -tum, v. 3.
a. to foretell, forebode, por-tcnd.
porto, V. 1. a. to carry.
posco -ere, pSposci, v. 3. n.
to demand.possideo -ere -sedi -sessum,
V. 2. a. to own, possess,
occupy.
possum, posse, pStui, v.
irreg. to be able, bepowerful,
have influence.
post, prep. gov. acc. and adv.
after, behind ;afterxjoards.
postea, adv. afterwards.
posterus -a -um, adj. comingafter, folloioing ;
in pl.
descendants, posterity; in
cornp. later.
postquam, conj. after, as soonas, when.
postremo, adv. lastly.
postulatum -i, n. a demand.postulo, V. 1. a. to demand.potestas -atis, f. power,
avthority, sovereignty.
potior -Iri -itus sum, v. 4. dep.
gov. abi. or gen. to get
possession of, acquire.
potius, adv. comp. rather,
preferably.
praealtus -a -um, adj. veryhigh, very deep.
praebeo -ere -ui -itum, v. 2. a,
to offer, provide, supply;se
fortem praebere, to proveoneself brdve.
praeceps -cipitis, adj. headforemost, headlong
;steep,
precipitous ; in praecepsferri, to be carried headlongdoicn.
praeco -onis, m. a crier,
herald.
praeda -ae, f. booty, plunder,
prey, gain, profit.
praedico -ere -dixi -dictum,V. 3. a. to foretell, predAct.
praedico, v. 1. a. to publish.
proclaim, declare, state.
praedo -onis, m. a rohber.
praedor, v. 1. dep. to plunderpraefectus -i, m. one placed
in authorify, communder,qfficer.
praef§ro -ferre --tbli -latum,
V. irreg. to carry hefore,
prefer.
rOCABULARY. 99
praemitto -6re -misi -missum,V. 3. a. to send forward,send on in front.
praemunio -ire ivi or -ii -itum,
V. 4. a. fortify in front,
fortify beforehand,praeruptus -a -um, adj.
steep.
praesidium -i, n, a defence,
protection;guard, garrison,
foret ; a fortifed post,
station.
praesto, adv. at hand, ready,present.
praesto -stare -stiti -stitum or-statum, V. 1. a. and n. to
stand bifore, be superior, be
preferahle ;surpass, excel
;
perform, discharge.
praesum -esse -fui, v. irreg.
to be at the head of, be in
command of.
praeter, prep. gov. acc. past,
beyund, beside; in addUion
to, contrary to.
praetgrea, adv. besides.
praetereo -ire -ivi and -ii
-itum, V. irreg. to pass by,
pass over, omit, neglect.
praevalens -ntis, adj. verystrong.
pratum -i, n. a meadow.prdeem -is, f. no nom. s. aprayer, entreafy.
precor, v. 1. dep. to pray,entreat.
pretium -i, n. price, value,
worth; operae pretium est,
it is a reivard for trouble,
i. e. it is ivorth while.
primo, adv. at first.
primores -um, m. the frontrankinbattle-, chiefs,nobles.
primum, adv.frst.primus -a -um, adj. superi,
from prae, frst, foremost,
chief
;
primum as subs.
the front.
princeps -cipis, adj. frst,
chief ; as subs. a leader,
chief.
principalis -e, adj. first, chief',
the via principalis was the
main Street across a camp;
porta p. dextra and p. p.
sinistra were the gates at
either end of it.
prior, prius, adj. comp. fromprae, previous, former,elder.
pristinus -a -um, adj. early,
primitive, original, pre-
vious.
prius, adv. earlier, before,
formerly.priusquam, conj. before.
privatus -a -um, adj. private',
as subs. a private Citizen,
i. e. one not holding office,
pro, prep. gov. abi. for, be-
fore, instead of ;in propor-
tion to, according io.
Proca or -as -ae, m. Procas,an ancient king of Alba,
procedo -6re -cessi -cessum,
v. 3. n. to advance, proceed,
progress.
procella -ae, f. a storm, tumuit,
violence;a sudden attack,
onset.
proegres -um, m. the leading
men, chiefs.
proclivis -e, adj. sloping for-
ward;neut. used as subs.
a slope, descent.
procul, adv. far, far off.
100 rOGABULARY.
prodeo -ire -Ivi or -ii -Itum,V. irreg. to go forth, comeforward, appear.
prodigium -i, n. an omen,portent.
prodo -ere -didi -ditum, v. 3.
a. to hand over, surrender,hetray.
proelium -i, n. a battle.
profecto, adv. really, surely,
certainly.
profero -ferre -tuli -latum, v.
irreg. to bring forward,produce, bring out.
proficio -6re -feci -fectum, v.
3. n. to advance, makepn'ogress, be serviceahle,
prevail.
proficiscor -i -fectus sum, v.
3. dep. to set out, start.
profugio -6re -fugi -fugitum,V. 3. n. to flee, run away,escape.
progredior -i -gressus sum, v.
3. dep. to go forward, ad-vance.
prohibeo -ere -ui -Itum, v. 2.
a. to restrain, hinder, pre^vent, forbid.
prolabor -i, lapsus sum, v. 3.
dep. to slip forward, fall
down.promitto -6re -misi -missum,
V. 3. a. to let grow ; to
promise.prope, prep. gov. acc., and
adv. near, nearly.
propere, adv. hastily,8peedily.
propinquus -a -um, adj. near,
neighbouring, akin
;
as subs.
a kinsman.propior -hs, adj. comp. from
prope, nearer.
propitius -a -um, adj. /awo«r^ahle, gracious, propitiows.
propius, adv. comp. nearer.
propter, prep. gov. acc. andadv. near ; on account of.
prosgco -are -ui -ctum, v. 1.
a. to cut away, cut off.
prosequor -i -s6cutus sum, v.
3. dep. io follow, pursue,attend, escort.
prospere, adv. according to
one^s wishes, favourably,prosperously.
prospicio -ere -spexi -spectum,V. 3. a. and n. to look for-ward, look out ; see afar off,
dencry;provide.
prdturbo, v. 1. a. to drive for-ward
;dislodge.
provgho -ere -vexi -vectum,V. 3. a. to carry forward,lead on ; in pass. to advance,proceed.
provideo -ere vidi -visum, v.
2. n. to see to, look after,
provide, talce precautions.
provoco, V. 1. a, to call forth,
challenge.
prdvolo, V. 1. a. to rush for-ward.
proximus -a -um, adj. superi,
from prope, nearest, next,
latest, last, previous.
pubes -eris, adj. groiun up, offvll age, adult.
publice, adv. publicly, on be-
haf of, or in the name oj
the state, at the public
cost.
publicus -a -um, adj. of the
people, public, of the state.
pudor -oris, m.shame,modesty,sense of honour.
rOCABULARY. 101
puer -eri, m. a hoy, in pl.
children. (
puerilis -e, adj. of a boy, boy-
ish, youthjid.
pugna -ae, f. a fight, battle.
pugno, V. 1. n. to Jiglit
;
usedimpersonally in passive,
pugnatum est, fighting
went on.\
pulcritudo -dinis, f. beauty. f
pulvis -6ris, m. dust. '
puto, V. 1. a, to think.
Pythicus -a -um, ofPytho, or
Delphi ; Pythian.
qua, adv. where, bywhichway,in lohich direction.
quacumque, adv. wherever, bywhatever way,
quaero -6re, quaesivi, quaesi-
tum, V. 3. a. to seek, ask,
inquire.
quam, adv. how, how much;
as ; than;with superi, as
much as possible.
quamquam, conj. although.
quando, adv. when, as.
quantum, adv. how much, asmuch as, as far as.
quantus -a -um, adj. howgreat, as great as
;quanti,
at what price.
quatriduum -i, n. a period offour days.
quatuor or quattuor, num.adj. indecl. four.
-que, conj. and.querela -ae, f. a complaint.queror -i, questus sum, v. 3.
dep. to complain.qui, quae, quod, gen. cujus,
rei. pron. who, which ; quo,with comp. adj. or adv. by
[
which, in order that;quo . .
.
eo, by how much, ..by so
much.quia, conj. because.
quidam, quaedam, quoddam,/ indef. pron. and adj. a
certain, a certain one.
quidem, adv. indeed, in truth
;
ne ... quidem, not even.
quies -etis, f. rest, repose,
sleep.
quilibet, quaelibet, quidlibet
and quodlibet, indef. pron.
anyone, who you will, any.
quin, conj. why not? that
not, but that, as not to (withsubjunctive mood)
;quin
etiam, nay more, more-over.
quinque, num. adj. indecl.
five.
Quirinalis -e, adj. of Quiri-
nus or Ronmlus.quis, quae, quod or quid, gen.
cujus, interrog. pron. loho?
which ? what ?
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.
any, anyone, anything.
quisnam, quaenam, quidnam,interrog. pron. who, pray ?
who? what?quisquam, quaequam, quid-
quam, indef. pron. usedafter a negative, expressedor implied, anyone, any-thing, any.
quisque, quaeque, qiridque,
pron. each, every;optimus
quisque, ctll the best;primo
quoque tempore, as soon as
possible.
quo, adv. whither.
I
quod, conj. because, that.
102 VOCABULARY.
quominus, conj. hy which the
less, that not, from, usedafter verbs of hindering.
quoniam, conj. because, sime,as.
quoque, conj. also.
quot, adj. iudecl. pL, interrog.
and rei. how many? asmany as.
quum, conj. when, since, as,
altliough;
quum ... tum,hoth ... and.
rapio -6re, rSpui, raptum, v.
3. a. to seize, snatch, carry
offi plitnder;hurry
;rap-
tum, as subs. n. tlie thing
seized.
raptim, adv. violently, hastily.
raptus -us, m. a carrying off,
rohhing, plundering.rarus -a -um, adj. far apart,
scattered, few, rare.
ratio -onis, f. reckoning, cal-
culation, account, plan,method, sysiem.
ratus -a -um, part. from reor,
settled, established, valid.
r6cens -ntis, adj./res/t, young,neio
;vigorous.
recenseo -ere -ui -um, v. 2. a.
to connt, reckon, review.
rgceptus -us, ni. a retreat
;
receptui canere, to sound aretreat.
rgcipio -ere -cepi -ceptum, v.
3. a. to take hach, recover,
adinit, receive', se recipere,
to withdraw, retire.
rectus -a -um, adj. straight;
riglit, correct.
recupero, v. 1. a. to regain,
recover.
recuso, v. 1. a. to dbject to, bi
reluctant, refuse.
reddo -ere -didi -ditum, v. 3.
a. to give back, restore,
render.
r6deo -ire -Ivi or -ii -itum, v.
irreg. n. to go back, return.
r6dimo -ere -emi -emptum,V. 3. a. to buy back, redeem,ransom.
rgfello -Sre -felli, v. 3. a. to
disprove, refute.
refero -ferre, rettuli, relatum,V. irreg. a. to carry back,
bring back, refer (a matterto some one), carry ojf (a
victory, etc.); pedem re-
ferre, to retreat;ad sena-
tum r. to consuit ihe senate.
rgfugio -ere -fugi -fugitum, v.
3. n. to fly back, fly forrefuge.
Regillus -i, m. Regillus, a lakein Latium.
regina -ae, f. a queen.
regio -Ollis, f. a district,
region.
regius -a -um, adj. of a king,
royal.
regno, v. 1. a. to reign.
regnum -i, n. kingly poioer,
ride, kingdom.rego -ere, rexi, rectum, v. 3.
a. to direct, guide, ride.
regrgdior -i -gressus sum, v.
3. dep. to go back, turn back,
retum, retire.
regulus -i, m. a little king,
prince, chieftain.
rejicio -ere -jeci -jectum, v? 3.
a. tothrowback, repel, reject;
ad populum r. to refer tc
ihe people.
VOCABULARY. 103
relinquo -6re -liqui -lictum,
V. 3. a. to leave, leave he-
hind, abandon.reliquus -a -um, adj. remain-
infj, left, the rest ofR6mus -i, m. Remus, brother
of Romulus.renitor -i -nisus and -nixus
sum, V, 3. dep. to struggle
against, ivithstand, resist,
remonstrate.
renovo, v. 1. a. to renew.reor, reri, ratus sum, v, 2.
dep. to think.
rSpente, adv. suddenly.repentinus -a -um, adj. «ucffZeii.
repeto -Sre -ivi and -ii -itum,
v. 3. a. to seeh again, re-
turn to, renew, repeat;
^attach again.
ripleo -ere -evi -etuin, v. 2.
a. tofdl up.
res, rei, f. thing, affair, husi-
ness
;
res Romana, the
Roman state;res mihi est
cum aliquo, I have to dowith some one.
resisto -ere -stiti -stitum, v.
3. n. to stand stili, stand
firm ;with dat. to resist,
oppose.
respecto, v. 1, a. to look hackat.
respergo -ere-spersi-spersum,V. 3. a. to hesprinkle.
respicio -ere -spexi -spectum,V. 3. n. and a. to look hack,
look hack at;regard, have
regard for.
respiro, v, 1. a. to breathe,
recover breath.
respondeo -ere -di -sum, v. 2.
a. and n. to answer, reply.
responsum -i, n. an answer,reply.
restituo -ere -ui -utum, v. 3.
a. to set up again, replace,
restore.
resupino, v. 1. a. to hendhack, throw a man on his
hack.
rStardo, v. 1. a. to delay,
^hinder, impede.
retraho -6re -traxi -tractum,v. 3. a. to draio back, drag
^ back.
retro, adv. hackwards, hack.
rHundo -ere, rettudi, re-
tusum, v. 3. a. to beat back,
restrain, check ; to hlunt.
reus -i, m. an accused person,defendant, prisoner.
revello -ere -velli -vulsum,V. 3. a. to pidl off, tear off.
revoco, v. 1. a. to recoli.
rex, regis, m. a king.
rigo, V. 1. a. to wet, moisten,
water ; to convey or conductwater.
ripa -ae, f. a hank.rite, adv. with due religious
rites; duly, properly.
ritus -us, m. a religious cere-
mony ; custom, manner;
ritu, after the manner of.
rivus -i, m. a stream, brook.
robur -oris, n. oak-wood, oak;hardness, strength, vigoiir
;
the best part, or fiower of
anything.rogo, V. 1. a. to ask.
R5ma -ae, f. Rome.Romanus -a -um, adj. ojRome, Roman.
Romulus -i, m. Romidm,founder of Rome.
104 VOCABULARY.
ruber -bra -brum, adj. red.
ruina -ae, f. a fall, downfaU,overthrow, ruin
;ruins.
rumpo -ere, rupi, ruptum, v.
3. a. toburst, break asunder,
destroy.
ruo -ere, riii, rdtum, v. 3. n.
and a. to fall, rush, hasten ;
hurl down.ruptor -oris, m. breaker,
violator.
rursus, adv. again.
Sabinus -a -um, Sabine;
in
pl. the Sabincs, a Latintribe near Rome.
sacellum -i, n. a sanctuary,
chapel.
sacer -cra -erum, adj. sacred;
neut. pl. sacra -orum as
subs. sacred rites, sacri-
fices, sacred vessels.
sacerdos -dotis, m. and f. a
,priest or priestess.
sacrificium -i, n. a sacrifice.
saepe, adv. often ;comp. sae-
pius, several times, againand again.
saepio -ire, saepsi, saeptum,V. 4. a. to fenee in, inclose.
saltus -us, m. a forest pas-
ture, mountain valley, anarrow pass.
salus -utis, f. soundness,
safety, health, prosperity;
greeting.
saluto V. 1. a. to greet,
salute.
sanctus -a -um, adj. sacred,
inviolable ;venerable, holy
;
pure, innocent, just.
sanguis -Inis, m, blood, blood-
shed.
sarcina -ae, f. a hundle, bag-gage.
satellgs -Itis, m. and f. anattendant, guard.
satis, adv. enougJi.
saucius -a -um, adj. wounded,saxum -i, n. a stone, a rock.
Scaevola -ae, m. Scaevola,
Hhe left-handed,' surnamegiven to C. Mucius,
scando -ere -di -sum, v. 3. n.
to climb.
scelus -6ris, n. a crime.
scindo -6re, scidi, scissum, v.
3. a. to tear, cleave, split.
scio, scire, scivi, scitum, v.
4. a. to know.scipio -onis, m. a staff.
sciscitor, v. 1. dep. to in-
quire.
scriba -ae, m. a secretary,
.scribe.
scutum -i, n. a shield.
se, no nom. gen. sui, reflex.
pronoun, ,s('f, himself, her-
self, thenis %es ; secum=cum se.
sgeundus -a -um, adj. the
fullowing, second; favour-
able, succes.sful;
secundoflumine, down striam.
sgeus, adv. otherwise.
spd, conj. but.
sedeo -ere, sedi, sessum, v.
2. n. to sit ; to remain en-
camped, before an enemy’sfortress.
sedes -is, f. a seat, dwdling-place, abode.
sedo, V. 1. a. tesootlie, 'calmt
appease.segrego, v. 1. to separate.
sella -ae, f. a chair.
VOGABULARY. 105
semet, strengthened form of
se, oneself.
semirutus -a -um, adj. hcdf-
ruined.
semper, adv. always.senator -oris, m, a senator.
sgnatus -Qs, m. the senate.
senesco -6re, s6nui, v. 3. n.
to grow old, wane, decline.
senex -is, adj. old', as subs.
an old man
;
comp. natumajor; seniormeans elderly.
seni -ae- -a, distrib. num.adj. six apiece.
sensus -us, m. feeling, sense
;
inclination, sentiment.
sententia -ae, f. feeling,
opinion, decision, mean-ing
; proposal, vote (in
senate).
sentio -ire, sensi, sensum, v.
4. a. tofeel, perceive, thinh,
be of opinion.
sepulcrum -i, n. o tomb.sgquor -i, secutus sum, v. 3.
dep, to follow.
sermo -onis, m. conversation,
talk, discourse.
servitium -i, n. slavery
;
in
pl. slaves.
servo, V. 1. a. to preserve,
save, keep.
seu or sive, conj. or if, whethev,seu . . . seu, whether ..or.
sex, num. adj. indecl. six.
sextus -a -um, num. adj.
sixth.
si, conj. if.
sic, adv. thus, so, in sxich amanner.
siccus -a -um, adj. dry.Sicilia -ae, f. Sicily.
sicut, adv. just as, as.
significo, v. 1. a. to show bysigns, point out, signify,
mean.signum -i, n. a sign, mark',
military Standard, signal ;
signa ferre, to carry the
standards, i. e. to advance.silentium -i, n. silence.
similis -e, adj. like.
simul, adv. at the same time;
simul acor atque, as soonas.
simulacrum -i, n. an image,likeness.
simulo, V. 1. a. to make like,
feign, pretend.
sine, prep. gov. abi. without.
singuli -ae -a, adj. one each
;
separate, single.
sinister -tra -trum, adj. onthe left hand
; as subs.
sinistra -trae, f. the left
hand.sino -ere -sivi, situm, v. 3. a.
to lei, suffer, allow, permit.sitio -ire -Ivi or -ii, v. 4. n.
to be thirsty.
socer -cri, m. a father-in-law.s5cietas -atis, f. association,
partnership, alliance.
socius -i, m. an ally.
s51, solis, m. the sun.
solemnis -e, adj. yearly, an-nual
;religious, solemn
;
usual, customary.solitudo -dinis, f. solitude,
loneliness; a lonely place, a
desert.
sollicitus -a -um, adj. anxious,disturbed
; attentive to.
solum -i, n. soil, ground.solum, adv. alone, only.
solus -a -um, gen. -ius, adj,
alone, only.
106 VOCABULARY.
solvo -gre, solvi, s5lutmn, v.
3. a. to loosen, release, relax ;
set free.
somnus -i, m. sleep,
sonus -i, m. a sound.
sors, sortis, f. lot, chance,
fate ;amwer of an orade.
sospgs -Itis, adj. safe.
spatium -i, n. space, distance,
interval, period of time.
species -ei, f. appearance,shape, form ;
pretence.
spectaculum -i, n. a shoio, spec-
tade, sight ;stage-play.
specto, V. 1. a. to loolc at, looh
on at; refer to, concern.
sperno -ere, sprevi, spretum,V. 3. a. to despise.
spero, V. 1. a. to hope, expect.
spes, spei, f. hope.
spiculum -i-, n. a point ; dart,
arrow, spear.
spolium -i, n. generally in pl.
the arms strippedfrom a de-
feated enemy ;spoils, hooty.
spolio, V. 1. a. to strip,
spoil.
sponte, abi. of defective noun,used as adv. voluntarily, ofone‘s own accord.
statio -onis, f. a station, post
;
guard, outpost, pickets,
sentries.
statua -ae, f. an image,statue.
statuo -gre -ui -utum, v. 3. a.
to set up, fix, appoint, de-
termine.
sterno -ere, stravi, stratum,V. 3. a. to spread out, strew ;
throw down, overthrow;
pass. as dep. to lie loosely,
sprawl.
stimulo, V. 1. a. to goad, spuron ; incite, rouse, move to
action.
stipendium -i, n. pay.stirps, stirpis, f. a stock, stem,
root;race, lineage
; source,
origin; offspring.
sto, stare, stSti, statum, v. 1.
n. to stand, standfirm.strages -is, f. destruction,
slaughter.
strepitus -tis, m. a noise, din,
clatter.
studium -i, n, zeal, eagerness,
shidu, pursuit, taste.
stupefacio -Sre -feci -factum,
v. 3. a, to henumh, stun,
amaze.sub, prep. gov. acc. and abi.
under, beneath, close up to,
towards.
subdo -ere -didi -ditum, v. 3.
a. to put under, apply, sub-
stitute;calcaria equo s., to
put spurs to one’s horse.
siibeo -ire -ivi or -ii -itum, v.
irreg. to go under, come upto, dimb, upproach-, submitto, undergo.
subigo -ere -egi -actum, v. 3.
a. to bring under, subdue.subito, adv. suddenly.
subitus -a -um, adj. sudden.
subl6vo, V. 1. a. to lift up,sustain, support, lighten.
Sublicius -a -um, adj. Sub-lician, name of a bridgeover the Tiber, at Rome.
sublustris -e, adj. havingfaint light, dim.
submoveo -ere -movi -motum,V. 2. a. tomoveaway, remove,withdraw, dislodge.
VOCABULARY. 107
subruo -6re -ui -iitum, v. 3. a,
to undermine.subsequor -i -secutus sum, v.
3. dep. to follow closely.
subsidiarius -a -um, adj. ofthe reserves ; in pl. the
reserves.
subsidium -i, n. areserveforce,
auxiliary, support, rein-
forcement.succedo -6re -cessi -cessum, v.
3. n. to come up, drawnear, follow after, take the
place of, succeed.
successus -us, m. success.
sudor -oris, m. sweat.
sum, esse, fui, v. irreg. to be.
summus -a -um, adj. superi,
of superus, hiyhest, topmost,
highest part of, chief ;sum-
mus mons, the top of the
mountain.sumo -6re, sumpsi, sumptum,
V. 3. a. to take, take up.
sumptus -us, m. expense,
cost.
super, adv. and prep. gov.
acc. and abi. over, above,
concerning, about.
superbia -ae, f. haiightiness,
pride, arrogance.
superbus -a -um, adj. haughty,proud, arrogant
;
given as
surname to Tarquinius,
superincido -ere -eidi, v. 3. n.
lo fdll on the top of.
superior -ius, adj. comp. of
superus, higher, upper;
previous, former,supero, V. 1. a. to overcome,
surpass, conquer;pass by.
supersum -esse, fui, v. irreg.
to be over, remain, survive.
supplex -icis, adj. and subs.
suppilant, humhle ; a sup-
pilant.
supplicatio -onis, f. a thanks-
giving.
suppliciter, adv. humbly, sub-
missively.
supplicium -i, n. punishment.supra, adv. and prep. gov. acc.
above, beyond, more than.
suspicor, V. 1. dep. to suspect.
sustineo -ere -ui -tentum, v.
2. a. to sustaln, uphold, sup-
port, maintain; check, keep
at bay, resist.
suus -a -um, adj. and poss.
pron. his own, her own, their
own, one’s own.
taberna -ae, f. a shop.
taedium -i, n. weariness, dis-
gust.
talis -e, adj. ofsuc.h kind, such.
tam, adv. so, so much.tamen, conj. nevertheless,
however.
tandem, adv. at length, at last.
tango -ere, tetigi, tactum, v.
3. a. to touch, move, affect.
tantum, adv. so much ; only,
sofar oiily.
tantus -a -um, adj. so great,
so much
;
tanti, at suchprice, of such value.
Tarquinius -i, m. Tarquin,the name of the last royalfamily at Rome.
tectum -i, n. a roof, house.
tegmen -inis, n. a covering,
cover.
tegula -ae, f. a tile.
telum -i, n. a dart, missile,
weapon.
108 VOCABULARY.
t6mSre, adv. rashly, hastily,
at random, lightly.
templum -i, n. a temple.
tempas -6ris, n. time. Jit time,
occasion.
tSneo -ere -ui -ntum, v. 2. a.
to hold, keep.
tento, V. 1. a. to touch, feel ;
make an attempt on, attack,
try.
tergum -i, n. the hack
;
a
tergo, in the rear.
terni -ae -a, distrib. num.adj. three apiece.
terra -ae, f. earth, land.
terreo -ere -ui -itum, v. 2. a.
to frighten.
terror -oris, m. fear, terror.
tertius -a -um, num. adj.
third ; tertium, as adv. forthe third time.
testudo -dlnis, f. a tortoise,
a shed, or mantlet to protect
soldiers attacking a wall
;
also formed by locking
shields above their heads.
Tiberinus -a -um, adj. of the
Tiber ; as subs. m. the
Tiher.
Tiberis -is, acc. -im, m. the
river Tiher.
timeo -ere -ui, v. 2. a. to
fear.timor -oris, m. fear.
toga -ae, f. a toga, robe, the
outer garment worn byRomans in time of peace.
togatus -a -um, adj. loearing
the toga.
tollo -ere, sustiili, sublatum,V. 3. a. to lift, raise, pick
up;take away, remove, get
rid of, do away with.
tot, num. adj. indecl, so many,many.
totus -a -um, gen. -ius, the
whole, entire.
trado -6re, -didi -ditum, v. 3.
a. to give up, hand over,
deliver ;betray
;record,
relate.
trabo -Sre, traxi, tractum, v.
3. a. to drag, draw;pro-
long, altract.
trajicio -ere -jeci -jectum, v.
3. a. to throw across, convey
across, transport ;cross ;
pierce.
trano, v. 1. a. to swim across.
trans, prep. gov. acc. across,
beyond, on the far side of.
transeo -ire -Ivi or -ii -itum,
V. irreg. to go across, cross
over.
transfero -ferre -ttili -latum,
V. irreg. to carry across,
carry over, transfer.
transfigo -6re -fixi -fixum, v.
3. a. to pierce through.
transfuga -ae, f. a deserter.
transgredior -i -gressus sum,V. 3. dep. to cross over, pass
over.
transigo -6re -egi -actum, v. 3.
a. to jinish, settle, transact.
transilio -ire -ui, v. 4. a. to
leap across.
transveho -ere -vexi -vectum,
V. 3. a. to carry across.
transversus -a -um, adj. cross-
wise;
ex transverso, side-
ways.trecenti -ae -a, adj. three
hundred.trepidatio -onis, f. trembling,
cdarm.
VOCABULABY. 109
trgpido, V. 1. a. to tremble, be
alarmed.trgpidus -a -um, adj. tremb-
ling, alarmed.tres, tria, adj. ihree.
triarii, m. pl. the veteran
soldiers, who formed the
third line;the reserve.
tribunal -alis, n. platform,judgment seat.
tribunicius -a -um, adj. of thetribunes.
tribunus -i, m. a tribune.
1. — plebis, tribune of the
people, whose duty it
was to defend the plebeians
against the patrician mag-istrates. 2. — militum con-
sulari potestate were ap-
pointed instead of consuis
from A.D. 444-366. Theywere at first three, theii
six, then eight in number.3. — militum, tribunes ofthesoldiers
;officers of the'
army, of whom there weresix to each legion.
tributum -i, n. tribute, tax.
triennium -i, n. a space ofthree years.
triggminus -a -um, adj. three
hom at one birth, three twinhrothers.
triumphalis -e, adj. oj atriumph, triumphal.
triumpho, v. 1. a. to celebrate
a triumph.
triumphus -i, m. a triumph,the solemn entry of a gen-
eral into Rome after avictory.
trucido, V. 1. a. to slaughter,
butcher, massacre.
trux, trhcis, adj. harsh, sav-
age, ferocious.
tu, tui, pers. pron. thou.
tueor -eri, tuitus sum, v. 2.
clep. to look at, look after,
protect.
tugurium -i, n. a hut, cot-
tage.
Tullius -i, m. Attnis Tullius,
a Volscian chief whoreceived Coriolanus.
Tullus -i, m. Tullus Hostilius,
one of the seven kings of
Rome.tum, adv. then.
tumultus -us, m. an uproar,disturbance, tumuit, rising,
civil war.tunc, adv. then.
turba -ae, f. uproar, con-
fusion ; a crowd, mob.turbo, V. 1. a. to disturb,
throw into disorder, con-
fuse.
turma -ae, f. a troop of horse,
troop, hand.Tusculanus -a -um, adj. of
Tusculum, a town in
Latium.Tuscus -a -um, adj. Etruscan,
Tuscan.tutor, V. 1. dep. to protect,
defend.
tutus -a -um, adj. safe ;in
tutum, into safety.
tuus -a -um, poss. pronoun,thy, your, yours.
tj^rannus -i, m. a tyrant,
usurper, absolute ruler.
ubi, adv. where;when.
ullus -a -um, gen. -ius, adj.
any.
110 VOGABULARY.
ultimus -a -um, adj. superi.
from u\tva., furthest, last.
ultor -oris, m. an avenger.
ultra, prep. gov, acc. andadv. beyond, further, anylonger.
ululatus -fis, m. howling,wailing, yell.
umbo -onis, m. a boss, pro-
jecting from the centre of
a shield.
umquam, adv. erer.
unde, adv. wherefrom,whence.undecimus -a -um, num. adj.
eleventh.
undique, adv. from all sides,
on all sides.
una, adv. together, at the
same time.
unicus -a -um, adj. only, sole,
single ;singular.
unus -a -um, gen. -ius, num.adj. one, oidy.
urbs, urbis, f. a city.
urgeo -ere -ursi, v. 2. a. to
Tpress, force, impel, drive.
usquam, adv. anywhere.ut, conj. as, when; (with sub-
junctive) in order that, so
that, that.
uter, utra, utrum, gen. utrius,
adj. which of two.
uterque -traque -trumque,adj. each of two, both.
utique, adv. in any case, at
any rate, undoubtedly.utor -i, usus sum, v. 3. dep.
gov. abi. to use, employ,enjoy, experience, undergo.
utpote, adv. seeing that, in-
asmuch as, since.
utrimque, adv. from or onboth sides.
utrum, adv. interrog. lohethn
of the two, whether;utrum
... an, whether ...or.
uxor -oris, f. a wife.
vacuus -a -um, adj. empty,free from, devoid of, un-occupied.
vado -ere, vasi, vasum, v. 3.
n. to go, advance.vae, interj. alas! woe!vagitus -us, m. wailing.
vagor, V. 1. dep. to wander.vagus -a -um, adj. wander-
ing, straggling.
valeo -ere -ui, v. 2. n. to be
strong, be in good heaUh, be
powerful, avail, prevail.
validus -a -um, adj. strong,
powerful, heallhy.
vallum -i, u. a rampart, en-
trenchment.
vallus -i, m. a stake.
vdnus -a -um, adj. empty,’ void, unmeaning, useless-,
vain.
varius -a -um, adj. various,
varied, different, changing.vastus -a -um, adj. unoccu-
pied, Waste, desert;devas-
tated;vast, hnge.
vates -is, m. and f. aprophet;
poet, poetess.
-ve, conj. or.
vehiculum -i, n. a vehicle,
carriage.
Veiens -ntis, adj. of Veii ;
as subs. a Veientine.
Veientanus -a -um,adj. o/Feii.Veii -orum, m. Veii, a city of
Etruria.
vel, conj. or, even ;vel ... vel,
either ...or.
VOGABULARY. 111
velo, V. 1. a. to cover, wrap,veil.
vSlut, adv. even as, jusi as,
as.
venerabundus -a -um, adj.
JuU ofreverPiice, reverential.venio -ire, veui, ventum, v.
4. n. to come.
venor, v. 1. dep. to liunt.
vereor -eri -itus sum, v. 2.
dep. to Jear.
versus, prep. gov. acc. to-
wards, facing.vertex -icis, m. an eddy,
Whirlpool ; top, highest
point.
verto -6re, verti, versum, v.
3. a. and n. to tum, tumround, change
;pass. often
used as dep. intrans,
verus -a -um, adj. true, real.
Vesta -ae, f. Vesta, goddess.
' of the hearth-fire and home.Vestalis -e, adj. o/ Vesta
;
virgo Vestalis, vestal Vir-
gin, priestess of Vesta.
vester -tra -trum, poss. pron.and adj. your, yours.
vestibulum -i, n. entrance-
court, entrance-hall.
vestigium -i, n. a foot-prinl,
track, trace.
vestio -Ire -ivi and -ii -itum,
V. 4. a. to dress, clothe.
vestis -is, f. a garment, dress.
veto -are -ui -Itum, v. 1. a. to
forbid.
vetus -eris, adj. old, of lovgstanding, ancient, former ;
veteran.
vStustus -a -um, adj. that
has existed a long time,
ancient.
via -ae, f. a way, road.vicinus -a -um, adj. neigh-
bouring.
victima -ae, f. a victim, beasi
for sacrifice.
victor -oris, adj. and subs.
m. victorious ; conqueror,victor.
victoria -ae, f. victory.
video -ere, vidi, visum, v. 2.
a. to see ; in pass. to seem.
vigil -is, adj. uakeful, walch-
fxd ; as subs. m. a watch-man, sentinel.
vigilia -ae, f. wakefulness ;
ivatching, watch, guard.vigilo, V. 1. n. to be awake,
kg.ep watch, watch; impers.
in pass. watch is kept.
vincio -Ire, vinxi, vinctum,V. 4. a. to hind, fetter, con-
fine, imprison.
vinco -6re, vici, victum, v. 3.
a. to conqxier, prevail.
vinculum -i, n. a bond, chain;
in pl. often means yrison.
vindico, v. 1. a. to daim, de-
fcnd, avenge.vinum -i, n. wine.
vi5lator -oris, m. an injurer,
violator.
violo, V. 1. a. to injure, out-
x'age, dishonour, violate.
vir, viri, m. a man (as op-posed to a woman, or aboy) hxisband.
virgo -ginis, f. a m.aiden,
Virgin.
virtus -iitis, f. courage,virtue, excellence, merit.
vis, no gen. or dat., acc.
vim, abi. \\,force, violence,
quantity;in pl. strength.
112 V0GABULAR7.
vivo -6re, vixi, victum, v. 3.
n. to be alive, live.
vix, adv. scarcely, with diffi-
culty.
voco, V. 1. a. to call, invite.
volito, V. 1. a. to fiy to andfro, Jlutter ; haaten.
volo, V. 1. a. to fiy, hasten.
volo, velle, vOlui, v. irreg.
to be willing, wish, purpose.
Volscus -a -um, adj. Volseian;
as subs. pl. the Volscians,
a tribe in Southern Latium,volucer -eris -cre, adj. fiying,winged
; swift, fleet.
volucris -is, f. a flying thing,
bird.
voluntas -atis, f. will, wish,
inclination, good will.
voluptas -atis, f. pleasure.
voveo -ere, vovi, votum, v. 2.
a. to vow, devote.
vox, vocis, f. a voice, cry
;
word, saying, speech.
vulgatus -a -um, adj. usual,
common, well-known.
vulgo, V. 1. a. tospreadabroad,puhlish, make known.
vulgo, adv. openly, publidy,
commonly.vulgus -i, n. and m. the
common people, the massea.
vulngro, V. 1. a. to wound.vulnus -eris, n. a wound.
ENGLISH INDEX.
For Information about the. Latin words, refer lo the Vocahulary,
A
add, to, adjicio.
against, contra, in.
age, aetas.
aid, auxilium.ally, socnis.
althougli, etsi.
amaze, obstupefacio.
ambassador, legatus.
ambush, insidiae.
announce, nuntio.
answer, to, respondeo.answer, an, responsum.anyone, quisquam.appoint, creo.
approach, adeo, advenio.
approveof, approbo.arise, orior.
armed, armatus.arms, arma.army, exercitus.
arouse, excito.
arrange, constituo.
arrival, adventus.
as, vl, quum.
ask, rogo.
ask for, peto.
attack, aggredior, adorior.attempt, conor.
B
bank, ripa.
bargaining, pactio.
battle, pugna, proelium.be present, admm.bear, fero.
before {prep.), ante.
before (adv.), antea,
beg, oro.
beg for, peto.
begin, incipio, ineo.
believe, credo.
besiege, obsideo.
between, inter.
body, corpus.
booty, praeda.boy, puer.
brilliant, clarus.
brave, fortis.
break down, interrumpe
113
114 ENGLISE INDEX.
break into, irrumpo.bring, affero.
bring. up, educo.
bridge, pons.brother, frater.
build, aedifico.
building, aedificium.
but, sed, autem.by, a, ab.
C
cackling, clangor.
call, wco, appello.
camp, castra.
can, possum.Capitol, Capitolium.
carry, /ero.
carry in, infero.
carry do^vn, defero.
carry oflF, aufero.
carry on, gero.
cattle, pecus.
cause, causa.
cavalry, equitatus.
centre, medius (adj. ).
certam, a, quidam.cbair, sella.
challenge, provoco.
chance, occasio.
change, muto.chariot, currus.
chiefly, maxime.chieftain, regulus.
child, infans, puer.
choose, lego, deligo.
citadel, arx.
Citizen, civis.
City, urbs.
clan, gens.
climb, scando, ascendo.
collect, confero, cogo.
come, venio.
command,y«6eo, impero,companion, comes.
compel, cogo.
confer, defero.
conquer, vinco.
conspire, conjuro.
consul, consul.
consuit, consulo.
conversation, sermo.
corn, frumentum.country, ager, rus.
courage, virtus.
cross, transeo, trajicio.
crowd, turba.
cry, clamor.
D
danger, periculum.daring, audaxia.day-break, prima lux.
decided, it is, placet.
defend, defendo.demand, postulo.
descend, descendo.
desert, desero.
design, consilium.
desire, cupido.
determine, constituo,
fodio.
disaster, clades.
discordant, dissonus.
distance, spatium.
distance, at a, proexd-
E
each, uterque.
each side, on, utrimque.
eagerness, ardor.
easy, facilis.
eleventh, undecimus.engage (in battle), consero.
ENGLISH INDEX. 115
enrol, conscribo,
enter, ingredior.
entice, elicio.
entrails, exta.
entrance {to a house), vesti-
bulum.entrenchment, vallum.
escape, effugio.
exclaim, clamo.
exile, exilium,
explain, expono.
F
father, pater.
fault, culpa.
fear (verb), timeo, vereor.
fear {subs . ), timor.
few, paucus.field, ager, campus.fierce, atrox.
fight, to, pugno.fight, a, pugna.fili, compleo, impleo.
find, invenio.
first, primus.fiee, fugio.
foe, hostes.
follow, sequor.
foUowing, adj., posterus.
force, vis.
a force of men, manus.forebode, portendo.
former, pristinus.
fortify, munio.from, a, ab.
from all sides, undiqvA.
found, to, condo.
Q
gain, adipiscor,
game, ludus.
gather, coUigo.
general, imperator.
give, do.
,, back, reddo.
,, up, dedo.
glory, gloria.
go, eo.
,, away, abeo.
, , out, exeo.
gold, aurum.goose, anser.
grandson, nepos.
grateful, gratus.
guard, custos.
H
hand, to be at, adsum.hand over, trado.
hand to hand, cominus.
hastily, propere.
have, habeo.
headlong, praeceps.
hear, audio.
height, altitudo.
help {subs. ), auxilium,
help, to, juvo.
hili, collis.
himself, se : ipse,
hold, teneo.
,
,
(contain), capio.
,, at bay, sustineo,
hope (subs.), spes.
„ to, spero.
horseman, eques.
hunger, fames.hurl, jacio, conjicio,
hurl down, dejicio.
I
increase, to (intrans.), cresco.
infantry, peditatus, pedites
(pl.)
116 ENGLISH INDEX.
inquire, percunctor.insecure, intutus.
insuit, indignitas.
ivory {adj.), eburneus.
messenger, nuntium.
milestone, miliarium.mine, a, cuniculus.
motker, mater.move, moveo.
JN
jump down, desilio.
name, nomen.K nation, gens.
nearly, prope.kill, occido, interjicio.
kindly, benigne.
king, rex.
kingdom, regnum.kinsman, propinquum.know, scio.
need, egeo.
neighbour, neighbouring,propinquus.
new, novus.
next {adj.), proximus.night, by, noctu.
none, nemo, nullus.
L not, non.
lake, lacus.
land, ager.
large, magnus.lay down, depono.leader, dux.leave, relinquo.
legion, legio.
let, sino.
let out, emitto.
levy, to, conscribo,
line, acies.
lose, amitto.
0
obtaln, impetro.
omen, OTnen.
on, in.
on account of, propter.
onset, concursum.
open, to, aperio.
opinion, sententia.
ordain, decerno.
or, axit
;
whetber... or, utrum... an.
Morder, jubeo, impero.overflow, abundo.
maiden, virgo.
make, facio.
man, vir, homo.march (subs.), iter.
matron, matrona.matter, res.
meanwhile, interim.
meet, occurro.
P
pain, dohr.panic, pavor.parent, parens.patricians (the), patres.
patrician (adj.), patricius.
penetrate, penetro.
ENGLISE INDEX, 117
people, populus.
,
,
common, plebs.
perform, fungor, defungor.perish, pereo.
place, loaus.
plan, consilium.
plunder, praeda.portent, prodigium.position, locus.
pound, pondo.prayer, precem.prepare, paro.present, to be, adsum.in presence of, coram.press, urgeo.
price, pretium.priest, sacerdos.
proclaim, edico.
prolong, produco.promise, promitto, polliceor.
prophet, vates.
pull, traho.
pursue, sequor, insequor.
put (under), subdo.
R
raid, incursio.
reach, pervenio ad.reason, causa.
receive, accipio, excipio.
recognise, agnosco.
refer, refero.
renew, renovo.
repent, poenitet.
reply, respondeo.
reserves, subsidiarii,
restore, reddo.
return, to, redeo.
return {subs . ), reditus.
revolt, to, deficere.
right, jus.
right band, dextra.
rise, surgo.
river, flumen.robber, latro.
rock, saxum.room, spatium.rouse, excito, concito.
rout, to, fundo.royal power, regnum.rule, rego.
run oflF, discurro.
rush {subs.), impetus.
S
save, servo.
say, dico.
scarcity, penuria.scorn, to, sperno.
second, secundus, alter.
see, video.
seek, peto.
seem, videor.
seize, rapio, occupo.
sell, vendo.
senate, senatus.
senator, senator.
send, mitto.
send away, dimitto.
sentry, custos.
separate {intrans.), discurro.
set fire to, injicio, ignem.*
set out, proficiscor.
shame, pudor.shepherd, pastor.
shop, taberna.
shout, clamo.show, monstro.shut, claudo.
sbut in, includo.
siege, obsiaio.
signal, signum.
118 ENGLISH INDEX.
sit, sedeo.
six, sex.
skilled, 'peritus,
slay, interjicio.
sleep, dormio.some . . . others, aZii , . . alii.
son, Jilius.
soon, mox.soothsayer, hartispex.
spear, hasta.
spectacle, spectaculum.
speed,’ celeritas.
spoil, spolio.
spur, calcar.
staflf, scipio.
statue, statua.
Steel, ferrum.story, fabula.stream, flumen.stretch out, extendo.
strike, percutio,
strong, flrmus, validus.
suitable, aptus, idon&m.summon, arcesso.
surname, cognomen.surround, cingo.
survive, supersum.swim across, trano.
T
take, capio.
,, away, aufero.
„ up, sumo.tear off, detraho.
territory, fines.
thanks, grates, gratiae.
think, reor.
this, hic.
thousand, mille.
three, tres.
three hundred, trecenti.
throw down, dejicio.
town, oppidum.townsman, oppidanus.treat (for peace, etc.), ago.treaty, foedus.truce, indutiae.
tum, verto.
twin, geminus.two, duo.
U
uncertain, incertus.
unharmed, in-
unhurt, J teger, inviolatus,
unless, nisi.
unite, jungo.unprotected, intulus.
until, donec.
V
victim, hostia, victima.
victory, victoria.
W
wage, gero.
wailing, vagitus.
war, heJlum.
wear out, conficio.
weight, pondus.well known, it is, constat.
when, quum, ubi.
whether, utrum.which (of two), uter.
who \
((interrog.), quis.
whole, tot'us.
ENGLISH INDEX. 119
wife, conjuXy uxor.
will (subs.), voluntas,
win back, redimo.winter-quarters, hibernacula.
wish, volo.
with, cum.withstand, resisto, sustineo,
woe ! vae.
woman, mulier.
wound, a, vulnus.
wound, to, vulnero.
Y
yoke, jugum,youug, juvenis.youth, a, juvenis.
youth, juventus.
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Book I. With Exercises. By E. A. Wells, M.A.Book I. By Rev. A. S. Walpole, M.A.Book II. By Rev. A. S. Walpole, M.A.Book III. By Rev. G. H. Nall, M.A.Book IV. By Rev. E. D. Stone, M.A.Book V. By Rev. G. H. Nall, M.A.Book VI. By Rev. G. H. Nall, M.A.Book VII. By Rev. G. H. Nall, M.A.
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SELECTIONS FROM THE CYROPAEDIA. With Exercises.
By A. H. COOKE, M.A.
TALES FROM THE CYROPAEDIA. With Exercises. ByC. H. Keene, M.A.
SELECTIONS ILLUSTRATIVE OF GREEK LIFE. By C. H.Keene, M.A.
The following contain Introdnctions and Notes, but no Vocabulary :
—
CICERO.—SELECT LETTERS. By Rev. G. E. Jeans, M.A.
HERODOTUS.—SELECTIONS FROM BOOKS VII. and VIII.The Expedition oif Xerxes. By A. H. Cooke, M.A.
HORACE.—SEI.ECTIONS FROM THE SATIRES AND EPISTLES.. By Rev. W. J. V. Baker, M.A.
SELECT EPODES AND AES POETICA. By H. A. Dalton, ^.A .
PLATO.—EUTHYPHRO AND MENEXENUS. By C. E. Graves,M.A.
TERENCE.-SCENES FROM THE ANDRIA. By F. W. CoRNiSH,M.A., Vice-Provost of Eton.
MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd., LONDON.
G.C. -/7/^0)
— -
££^i^OC^-U>6« ^
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DATE DUE SLIP
PA 8H52 A3MB 1906 C-2
LIVYLE6EN0S OF ANCIENT ROME
39H61292 CURR HI ST
PA 6452 A3W6 1906 C, 2
LiviuSf Titije*Le^ends of anclent
I ^rrin,
0264 4 54H CHRP
(J
