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*Corresponding author’s e-mail: yogesh517.pawar@gmail.com

Legume Research, 40 (1) 2017 : 117-124Print ISSN:0250-5371 / Online ISSN:0976-0571

Influences of integrated use of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients ongrowth, flowering and yield of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv. BonnevilleYogesh Pawar*, L.R. Varma, P. Verma, H.N. Joshi, S.G. More and J.S. Dabhi

Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture,S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar-385 506, India.Received: 09-06-2016 Accepted: 12-09-2016 DOI:10.18805/lr.v0i0.6840

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to examine the response of four different organic manures viz. farmyard manure,vermicompost, castor cake and poultry manure as a source of nitrogen with or without chemical fertilizers, phosphorusand potassium and biofertilizer i.e. PSB in a randomized block design with three replications during the rabi seasonof the year 2012 and 2013. The results revealed that, the significantly highest vine length at 60 (86, 84 and 85 cm) and 90DAS (117, 120 and 119 cm) was recorded with T15 (Recommended dose of N as Vermicompost + P and K + PSB) duringthe year 2012, 2013 and in pooled analysis, respectively. The significantly early flowering (58.6, 59.3 and 59.0 days),maximum number of pods per plant (7.4, 7.7 and 7.5) and highest weight of pod (7.3, 7.0 and 7.1 g), maximum yield ofpods per plot (5.3, 5.1 and 5.2 kg) and yield of pods per hectare (137.9 q, 134.9 q and 136.4 q) was recorded with T18

(Recommended dose of N as Poultry Manure + P and K + PSB) during the year 2012, 2013 and in pooled analysis,respectively.

Key words: Bonneville, Garden pea, Growth, Yield.

INTRODUCTIONThe growing of vegetable is the most intensive and

remunerative business. Garden pea (Pisum sativum L. var.hortense) is a second important food legume of the world.The green and dry foliage are used as cattle fodder andgreen pods of vegetable pea are highly nutritive so, preferredfor culinary purpose. The high percentage of digestibleprotein (7.2 g), carbohydrates (15.8 g), vitamin A (139 I.U.),vitamin C (9 mg), magnesium (34 mg) and phosphorus(139 mg) per 100 g of edible portion (Gopalkrishnan,2007).

The food legumes restorer of soil fertility haslong been recognized due to their unique ability ofsymbiotic nitrogen fixation. This also makes them the mostimportant and useful component of a cropping system in thepresent context of energy crisis (Rana et al. 1998). Toeradicate the low yield of pea, success of Indian agriculturedepends heavily on use of fertilizers. To compensate theshort supply and to mitigate recent price hike in inorganicfertilizers, use of indigenous sources helps to sustaincrop yields but also plays a key role in improving thephysical, chemical and biological properties and also

increases the efficiency of applied fertilizers (Singh andBiswas, 2000).

To sustain soil health and benign environment thereis a need for standardization the conjunctive use of organicand inorganic sources of nutrition in order to increase theproductivity and alternately improving the soil health(Sharma and Chauhan, 2011; Bahadur et al. 2006; Rajputand Kushwah, 2005). The concept of nutrient managementis gaining considerable momentum today but negligible studyhas been conducted so, the present investigation was plannedon garden pea.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThe investigation was conducted at Department of

Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, S. D. AgriculturalUniversity, Sardarkrushinagar. The four different organicmanures viz. farmyard manure, vermicompost, castor cakeand poultry manure as a source of nitrogen with or withoutchemical fertilizers like phosphorus and potassium andbiofertilizer i.e. PSB were tested during the rabi season ofthe year 2012 and 2013. The experiment was laid out in aRandomized Block Design with eighteen treatments wereemployed and replicated thrice.

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The soil status of experimental field as follows (Table 1)

To raise the crop recommended package ofpractices were followed. The treatments were evaluated onthe basis of growth, flowering and yield performance fromten randomly selected tagged plants at different stages. Themean data were subjected to statistical analysis followinganalysis of variance technique (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONGrowth parameters: A perusal of data from Table 2revealed that the minimum days for germination (8.0, 8.3and 8.1), maximum germination (83.7, 82.4 and 83.0 %)was recorded with T18 (Recommended dose of N as PoultryManure + P and K + PSB) during the year 2012, 2013 andin pooled analysis, respectively. These results were inconsistent with the findings of (Rana et al., 2009, Jaipaul etal., 2011, Sharma and Chauhan, 2011, and Kumari et al.,2012).

The significantly highest vine length at 30 days aftersowing (24 cm) was recorded with T18 (Recommended doseof N as Poultry Manure + P and K + PSB) during the year2012 and 25 cm and 25 cm was recorded with T15

(Recommended dose of N as Vermicompost + P and K +PSB) during the year 2013 and in pooled analysis,respectively. The significantly highest vine length at 60 (86,84 and 85 cm) and 90 DAS (117, 120 and 119 cm) wasrecorded with T 15 (Recommended dose of N asVermicompost + P and K + PSB) during the year 2012, 2013and in pooled analysis, respectively.

Treat. TreatmentsNo.

T1 Recommended dose of NPK (25:70:50 kg/ha)T2 Farm Yard Manure 15 t/hectare+ Recommended dose of NPKT3 Recommended dose of N as VermicompostT4 Recommended dose of N as Farm Yard ManureT5 Recommended dose of N as Castor CakeT6 Recommended dose of N as Poultry ManureT7 Recommended dose of N as Vermicompost + PSBT8 Recommended dose of N as Farm Yard Manure + PSBT9 Recommended dose of N as Castor Cake + PSBT10 Recommended dose of N as Poultry Manure + PSBT11 Recommended dose of N as Vermicompost + P and KT12 Recommended dose of N as Farm Yard Manure + P and KT13 Recommended dose of N as Castor Cake + P and KT14 Recommended dose of N as Poultry Manure + P and KT15 Recommended dose of N as Vermicompost + P and K + PSBT16 Recommended dose of N as Farm Yard Manure + P and K + PSBT17 Recommended dose of N as Castor Cake + P and K + PSBT18 Recommended dose of N as Poultry Manure + P and K + PSB

Note:Biofertilizers (Seed treatment) : @20 ml per kg seedBiofertilizers (Soil treatment) : @1.25 liter per hectare

Tabl

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Phy

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chem

ical

pro

perti

es o

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e ex

perim

enta

l soi

l

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This results might be due to the slow release ofnutrients from organic manures and when supplemented withinorganic and biofertilizers it helped to microorganisms inthe faster decomposition of organic manures, therebyincreasing the availability of nutrients. Phosphorus enhancesthe activities of Rhizobia and thus increasing N-fixation inthe root nodules, thereby improving plant growth anddevelopment. These findings are agreement with the findingsof Jaipaul et al. (2011), Sharma et al. (2011), Sharma andChauhan (2011), Dubey et al. (2012) and Kumari et al.(2012) in garden pea.

Flowering parameters: Significantly early flowering (58.6,59.3 and 59.0 days) was observed with T18 (Recommendeddose of N as poultry manure + P and K + PSB) during theyear 2012, 2013 and in pooled analysis, respectively. Theminimum days for first picking (93.3) was recorded withT15, T16, T17 and T18 during the year 2012; whereas, during2013 minimum days for first picking (94.67) was recordedwith T4, T15, T17 and T18 and in pooled data 94.0 days wererecorded with T15, T17 and T18. The application of potassiummight have resulted in increased carbohydrate accumulationand their remobilization to reproductive part of the plant,being the closest sink and hence, resulted in right timeflowering and increased fruiting. These findings corroboratethe results of Vimala and Natrajan (2000), Gupta et al.(2000), Singh and Singh (2002), Datt et al. (2003) and Yadavand Luthra (2005) in pea.

The longest crop duration (117.0 days) wereobserved with T 15 (Recommended dose of N asVermicompost + P and K + PSB), T16 (Recommended doseof N as Farm Yard Manure + P and K + PSB), T17

(Recommended dose of N as Castor Cake + P and K + PSB)and T18 (Recommended dose of N as Poultry Manure + Pand K + PSB) during the year 2012; whereas, similar trendwas observed with T15 and T18 i.e. 119.0 and 118.0 days duringthe year 2013 and in pooled analysis, respectively. Theincreased nutrients supply along with congenial soil physico-chemical and biological properties could result in better plantgrowth for longer period. These findings are in line with theresults of Vimala and Natrajan (2000), Yadav (2009) in peaand Tarafdar and Rao (2001) in clusterbean.

It is obvious from the data presented in Table 3that the maximum number of pickings (4.0) were recordedwith T3, T7, T8, T9, T10, T15, T16, T17 and T18 during the year2012, while, maximum number of pickings (4.0) during theyear 2013 and in pooled analysis were recorded with T13

(Recommended dose of N as Castor Cake + P and K), T14(Recommended dose of N as Poultry Manure + P and K),T15 (Recommended dose of N as Vermicompost + P and K +

PSB), T16 (Recommended dose of N as Farm Yard Manure+ P and K + PSB), T17 (Recommended dose of N as CastorCake + P and K + PSB) and T18 (Recommended dose of Nas Poultry Manure + P and K + PSB). The reason for suchresults may be adequate and balanced supply of integratedapplication of organic sources with chemical fertilizers,plants received large amount of nutrients throughout theirgrowth period and nourished properly which enhancedcropping period and ultimately yield of plant. These findingslend support to the observations of Vimala and Natrajan(2000) and Singh et al. (2014) in garden pea.

Yield and yield attributes: Significantly maximum numberof pods per plant (7.4, 7.7 and 7.5) and highest weight ofpod (7.3 g, 7.0 g and 7.1 g) was observed with T18

(Recommended dose of N as Poultry Manure + P and K +PSB) during the year 2012, 2013 and in pooled analysis,respectively. These findings corroborate the results ofTarafdar and Rao (2001) in clusterbean. Inoculation of seedwith PSB also significantly enhanced the yield and yieldattributes. Greater root extension under higher availabilityof phosphorus and organic manures might have helped ingreater uptake of other nutrients especially micronutrient andsecondary nutrients, enhanced photosynthesis, productionof photosynthates and hasten the crop maturity and increasesthe number of pods per plant. These results are in conformitywith the findings of Singh and Singh (2002), Meena et al.(2007) and Chattoo et al. (2009) in garden pea.

The maximum yield of pods per plant (53.4 g and52.8 g) was observed with T18 (Recommended dose of N asPoultry Manure + P and K + PSB) during the year 2012 andin pooled data, respectively, however, T16 (Recommendeddose of N as Farm Yard Manure + P and K + PSB) recordedmaximum yield of pods per plant (57.9 g).

It is quiet apparent from the Table 4 showed thatsignificantly maximum yield of pods per plot (5.3, 5.1 and5.2 kg) and yield of pods per hectare (137.9, 134.9 and 136.4q) was recorded with T18 (Recommended dose of N as PoultryManure + P and K + PSB) during the year 2012, 2013 andin pooled analysis, respectively. Initially, the chemicalfertilizers provided rapidly better nutrition with all essentialnutrients and their uptake by the plant which leads to betterplant growth. In latter stage, the required plant nutrientprovided through decomposed organic manures for the gooddevelopment of the plant which in turn resulted into higheryield of the crop. The findings are in conformity with thoseof Nandi (2008), Chattoo et al. (2009), Gopinath and Mina(2011), Jaipaul et al. (2011), Sharma and Chauhan (2011),Dubey et al. (2012), Kumari et al. (2012), Sepehya et al.(2012) and Singh et al. (2014) in pea.

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Tabl

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Inf

luen

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of in

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use

of

orga

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and

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