leiden university. the university to discover. dmt 2009 week 2 adriaan van der weel
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
DMT 2009Week 2
Adriaan van der Weel
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
The digital lifecycle
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
DMT 2009 Project
Erven F. Bohn correspondence-Transcription-Proofing-‘Enrichment’: encoding in TEI XML-Storage-Retrieval-Publication
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
Recapitulation
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
The computer as a medium 1
- From the book to digital ways of ordering information
- Media as knowledge machines- Characteristics of media determine the
nature of the knowledge machine
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
The computer as a medium 2
- Publishing:
1.Text (like books, newspapers, etc.
2.Cultural heritage- Digital born vs digitised materials- Profit vs non-profit
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
More than a medium
- The computer is
1. A medium (replacement for the book)
2. A Universal Machine
- As a Universal Machine the computer is the vehicle for ‘humanities computing’
- No clear division
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
Digital ‘knowledge machine’
- More than a digital ‘book’:- Making text intelligent (main focus)- Using intelligent agents to mine text- People (Web 2.0)
- Markup- Documents- Rules- Styles
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
The markup application
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
HTML
- The WWW’s chief markup language- Markup application:
- Documents- Rules- Styles
- Homework- Seminar
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
Document analysis
- What relevant knowable things exist- How can we classify them- What is their relationship
- Different categories of text have different relevant classes of knowable things, e.g.:
- Correspondence
- Drama
- Poetry
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
From typography to markup
- Homo typographicus
- We are conditioned by books
- We live in the ‘Order of the Book’- Books order and structure:
- The ‘libroverse’ contains books
- Inside each book- Typography is an implicit structuring and
ordering device- Computers need explicit instructions:
- Markup: HTML, XML, TEI, etc.
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
XML basics
1. Application-Document instance -Validation (DTD, Schema) -Styles/transformations (Week 5-8)2. The markup language-Elements-Attributes-Entities-ASCII and Unicode (next week)
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
1. The markup application
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
2. The markup language
XML Declaration
Document Type Declaration
Meta information
Text
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
Elements
- Are like nouns- Recognizable structural components in the
text- Have a name: an opening and a closing tag- Have content- Examples:
- <p>This is the first lecture of Digital Media Technology.</p>
- <name>William Shakespeare</name>- NB: empty elements (<lb/>)
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
Attributes
- Are like adjectives- Indicate properties of an element- Have a name and a value
- Examples:
- <p n="1">This is the first lecture of Digital Media Technology.</p>
- <name type="person">William Shakespeare</name>
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
Entities
- Entities indicate the occurrence of special text string that will be replaced by a different literal value.
- They are used for:
- Special characters (i.e. characters that are not part of the ASCII character table)• Example: © will be rendered as ©
- Strings • Example: &BDMS; could be rendered as Book and Digital Media Studies
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
Document Type Definition
- The ‘rules’- Also: schema
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
Validation
- Checking the document instance against the rules laid down in the Document Type Definition (DTD) or schema
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Leiden University. The university to discover.
The markup application