lempeng tektonik
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Geodynamics forIntroduction of Geophysics
Exploration
Syamsu Rosid
Geophysics Study ProgramsDept. of Physics, University of Indonesia
![Page 2: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
(7 – 50 km thick)
The Earth’s Interior
![Page 3: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Illustration of
Convection Flow
![Page 4: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Plate Tectonic: Sea-floor spreading and Subduction zone
![Page 5: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Spreading Zone
![Page 6: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SubductionZone
![Page 7: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Some processes at a convergent boundary
![Page 8: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Geological Structure
![Page 9: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Folded and faulted sedimentary beds at Palmdale, California
![Page 10: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Folded rock, Calico Hills, California
![Page 11: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
dekat Jabal Tsur, Saudi Arabia
![Page 12: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Open folds in Spain
![Page 13: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Isoclinal folds from northeastern Nevada
![Page 14: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Overturned Anticlined from northern California
![Page 15: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Recumbent folds in the Alpins
![Page 16: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Faults
Faults in Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming
![Page 17: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Normal faults with prominent horst block offsets volcanic ash layers in southern Oregon
![Page 18: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
San Andreas Fault, California
The system is in a belt approximately 100 km wide and1300 km long that extends into Mexico. Los Angeles isslowly moving towards San Francisco because of San Andreas fault motion of 2 cm/yr. 5 million yrs ago the fault was blue line. In the future it may jump in green zone
Los Angeles
San Francisco
![Page 19: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Karangsambung, Kebumen, Jateng
![Page 20: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Earthquake’s Mechanism
![Page 21: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Kobe’s earthquake in Januari 1995> 5000 people killed> 27000 people injured> 88,000 buildings destroyed or damaged> US$ 400 billion
![Page 22: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
at Stanford University, EQ 1906
Near Castaic Junction, north of Northridge, EQ 1994
Northridge Meadows Apartments, EQ 1994southern California.
![Page 23: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Northridge EQ, 1994
![Page 24: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Horizontal offset in El Centro, California 1979
Gallatin Mounty, Montana, 1959Compression of freeway, San Fernando Valley, California, 1971
![Page 25: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Uplift of the sea floor associatedwith the Alaskaneartquake, 1964.The block of rockon the right (reef) has been dis-placed upward as much as 5 m.
![Page 26: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Pahoehoe eruption in Hawai, 1972
An aa flow in Hawai, 1983
A spatter cone (1 m height) erupting in HawaiEruption of pyroclastic of Cerro Negro in Nicaragua
![Page 27: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Pyroclastic flow at Mayon volcano, Philippines, 1984
Crater (foreground) and caldera in Kamchatka, Russia Cerro Negro, Nicaragua
Pyroclastic flow on Montserrat, August 4, 1997.
![Page 28: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
On 24 August AD79, Mt Vesuvius, near Naples (Italy)erupted and killed at least 2000 people and covered theRoman town of Pompeii.
A river of molten rock of Kilauea, Hawai, 1994
Layers of lava and ash
![Page 29: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Thick ribbon of lava at Kimanura, Zaire.
Giant cinder cones at Mt Etna, Sicily.
Mt Etna has probably Been active for more than 2.5 m yr. More than 110eruption recorded since1500 BC. The long eruption is in 1992.
![Page 30: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Rich paddies in Bali, Indonesia
Grape vines at Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italia
![Page 31: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Rocks Mechanism
![Page 32: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Columnar basalt at Devil’s Postpile,California. From above and side
![Page 33: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Columnar basalt of Giant’s Causeway on the coast of County Antrim in Northern Ireland
![Page 34: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
MetamorphRock
Metamorphosed conglomerate
Breksiconglomerate
![Page 35: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Sedimentation mechanism
![Page 36: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Pembentukan sedimen
![Page 37: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Arus erosiSandstone at Zion National Park, Utah
Sandstone formed from ancient sand dunes, Arizona
An oxbow lake at Sweetwater River, Wyoming
![Page 38: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Tanah Longsor Earthflow in March, 1995 at La Conchita, California
![Page 39: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Pelapukan batuan
Weathering and erosion of rock at Lees Ferry, ArizonaWind erosion of basalt outcrop, Death Valley, California
![Page 40: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
weathering, bedding in sandstone and shale in Utah
![Page 41: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Mexican Hat in the Utah Desert, North AmericaWind-sculpted ridges are in the Atacama Desert in Chile and in the Sahara Desert in Africa. These yardangsare hundreds of meters high and dozens of kms long.
![Page 42: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Untuk apa ???
![Page 44: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Coal
![Page 46: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Intrusi Lanzarote dike (and sill) in the Canary Islands
![Page 48: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Bingham Canyon copper mine in UtahCopper mine at San Zavier, Arizona
![Page 49: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Gravity measurement
![Page 50: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Oil Reservoar
![Page 51: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Geotermal (Panas Bumi)
Boiling tar in NZ
Lady Knox geyser at Waiotapu, NZIceland’s Strokkur geyser, satu dari ratusangeyser di Iceland. Geysir= upwards force
![Page 52: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Rekreasi dan pengobatan
A hot spring at Yellowstone Nat. Park, Wyoming
![Page 53: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Lightning
Sunlight streams at Maui Island, Pacific Ocean
The air surrounding lightning often rises to 30,000 C
![Page 55: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Lempeng Tektonik](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012903/577ccde51a28ab9e788cdae0/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)