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Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren Denise Rook Arts-onderzoeker Neonatologie

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Page 1: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren

Denise Rook

Arts-onderzoeker Neonatologie

Page 2: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Geschiedenis van zuurstof (1)

1774 Ontdekking “vital air” door J. Priestly

Kaarsen brandden feller en muizen waren actiever

1775 J. Priestly tevens al bewust van de gevaren

“A candle burns out much faster in vital air than in common air, so we might also live out too fast and be too soon exhausted in this pure kind of air”

1938 Couveuse met 100% O2

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Page 3: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Geschiedenis van zuurstof (2)

1951 Campbell Associatie O2 en ROP

50-60 Restrictie O2 Toegenomen sterfte en spasticiteit

1980 Introductie pulse oximetrie op NICU’s

2011 Nog geen duidelijkheid over saturatie grenzen!!!

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Page 4: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Optimale saturatie grenzen

Laag (85-89%) vs hoog (91-95%)

SUPPORT trial minder risico op ROP

hogere mortaliteit

BOOST trial eerder gestopt voor analyse

3631 prematuren (GA<28 wkn)

Hogere mortaliteit (21.8 vs 13.3%)

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Page 5: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Zuurstof Paradox

“Hoewel zuurstof noodzakelijk is voor de mens, is het tegelijkertijd ook schadelijk.”

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Page 6: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Waarom is zuurstof gevaarlijk?Sophia Children’s Hospital

O2 H2 O

energie

Elektronentransportketen

H2 O2 2-O. OH.

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Page 7: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

H2 O2

2-O.

OH.Kumar et al. Basic Pathology, 6th edition, Saunders

lipid peroxidationprotein damageDNA damage

cell injury

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Page 8: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Gevolgen van ROS

Schade celmembranen schade / celdood- witte stof schade- nierschade- Etc.

Veranderingen van signalen in de cel

DNA mutaties kanker

Veranderde enzym activiteit- bv surfactant synthese

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Page 9: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Bescherming tegen ROS

Antioxidanten

“any substance that delays, prevents

or removes oxidative damage”

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Page 10: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

AntioxidantenSophia Children’s Hospital

Shoji et al 2007

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Page 11: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Reactive Oxygen Species

Antioxidanten

Page 12: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Oxidatieve Stress bij prematuren (1)

Toegenomen aanmaak vrije radicalen

Toename PaO2 bij geboorte

Extra zuurstof

Infecties

Bloedtransfusies?

Voeding?

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Page 13: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Oxidatieve Stress bij prematuren (2)

Minder antioxidanten

Tijdens laatste trimester zwangerschap

Rijping antioxidant enzymen

Verhoogde transfer via placenta

Geen upregulatie van antioxidanten in de long in reactie

op O2 bij geboorte

Suboptimale voeding

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Page 14: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Reactive Oxygen Species

AntioxidantenOXIDATIEVE STRESS

Page 15: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Oxidatieve Stress bij prematuren

Oxidatieve Stress

“Oxygen Radical Diseases in Neonatology”(O.D. Saugstad)

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Brain(IVH, PVL)

Lungs (BPD)

Eyes(ROP)

Gut  (NEC)

Page 16: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Sophia Children’s Hospital

MortaliteitHersenschade

ROP, BPD, Hersenschade

, Mortaliteit

HYPOXIE HYPEROXIE

Page 17: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Zuurstof therapie op NICU

Wat meet je?

Hoe meet je?

Nauwkeurigheid

Praktijk

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Presenter
Presentation Notes
.
Page 18: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Zuurstof therapie: Wat meet je (1)

SpO2 Saturatie d.m.v. pulse oximeter

PaO2 Partiële druk van zuurstof

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Presenter
Presentation Notes
.
Page 19: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

SaO

2[%

]

PaO2 [kPa]

Bohr-effect:• pH• Temperatuur• Foetaal Hb

9485

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Zuurstof therapie: Wat meet je (2)

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Zuurstof dissociatie curve
Page 20: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Ligh

t abs

orba

nce

W.J. Salyer, 2003

Zuurstof therapie: Hoe meet jeSophia Children’s Hospital

Pulse oximetrie

Absorptie licht

2 golflengtes

Meet verschil in absorptie

Page 21: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Zuurstof therapie: NauwkeurigheidSophia Children’s Hospital

SpO2 =87 89 91 93 95

68%

95%

nauwkeurigheid (1 SD)

70-100% +/- 2 cijfers

60-80% +/- 3 cijfers

Page 22: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

15%7% 8%

15% 14%

54% 69%74%

84%

61%

30%24%

17%25%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

88‐94 88‐96 88‐98 88‐100 92‐98

>bovengrensbinnen grenzen71‐ondergrenslager 71

Zuurstof therapie: de praktijk (1)Sophia Children’s Hospital

Anne van der Eijk, TU Delft, dep. BioMechanical Engineering

Page 23: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Zuurstof therapie: de praktijk (2)Sophia Children’s Hospital

Anne van der Eijk, TU Delft, dep. BioMechanical Engineering

15%7% 8%

15%5%

54%

37% 38%

43%

25%

30%

55% 53%41%

69%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

88‐94 88‐96 88‐98 88‐100 92‐98

95‐10088‐9471‐87lager 71nul

15%7% 8%

15% 14%

54% 69%74%

84%

61%

30%24%

17%25%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

88‐94 88‐96 88‐98 88‐100 92‐98

>bovengrensbinnen grenzen71‐ondergrenslager 71

Binnen grenzen Binnen 88-94%

Page 24: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Conclusies

Zowel hypoxie als hyperoxie gevaarlijk

Weet wat je meet!

Pulse oximetrie niet geschikt voor voorkomen van hoge PaO2 ’s (hyperoxie)

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Presenter
Presentation Notes
.
Page 25: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Less stress: Zuurstofstudie

Intra-uterien SaO2 ~ 40%

Geboorte hyperoxic challenge

Plotselinge stijging PaO2

Vorming ROS

Prematuren O2 toediening

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Presenter
Presentation Notes
.
Page 26: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Oxygen @ resuscitation - Term infants

Room Air

N = 762

100% O2

N = 740

p-value

Mortality 44 (5.8%) 70 (9.5%) 0.008

Apgar after 5 min* 6.6 (1.9) 6.4 (1.9) 0.048

HR after 90 sec* 116 (24) 111 (25) < 0.001

Time to first breath (min)* 1.8 (3.2) 2.3 (3.7) 0.001

* Presented as mean (SD) Adapted from Saugstad et al 2005

Term, asphyxiated infants:

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Presenter
Presentation Notes
.
Page 27: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Oxygen @ resuscitation - Preterm infants

Wang et al. Pediatrics 2008

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Page 28: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Aim & Objective

Resuscitation of preterm infants with 30% vs 65% oxygen

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Safe resuscitation of preterm infants, while minimizing oxidative stress

Page 29: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Study design

Subjects

Preterm infants: gestational age < 32 wks

N = 200

Prenatal informed consent

Resuscitation

Computerized randomization to 30 or 65% oxygen

Blinded resuscitation

Goal: oxygen saturation 88-94% after 10 minutes

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Page 30: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Study designSophia Children’s Hospital

preterm infant21% O2

100% O2

21% 100%

O2 blender

30% O2

or

65% O2

O2 blender

Presenter
Presentation Notes
This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21% and 100% oxygen according to the set FiO2 For this study, an additional blender is added which is concealed for the physician. When an infants is included, this valve will be activated and the oxygen will come from the concealed blender. When the oxygen needs to be adjusted, the physician will deactivate the valve and FiO2 can be adjusted as needed.
Page 31: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Outcome

Safety and efficacy of resuscitation

FiO2 , SaO2 and HR, Apgar Score

Long term outcome

Mortality

Incidence ‘Oxygen Radical Diseases’

Mental and psychomotor development at age 2

Oxidative stress

Glutathione synthesis rates

Oxidative stress markers

Sophia Children’s Hospital

Page 32: Less Stress: Oxidatieve Stress bij Prematuren · blender. This is a schematic presentation of the resuscitation unit. \爀屮First, the normal situation where Fio2 is mixed from 21%

Vragen??Sophia Children’s Hospital