Lesson 03 NEW PARADIGMS ON URBANISM AFTER WWII

STRUCTURALISM

POST-STRUCTURALISM

INDEX

Urban  Structuring  (1967).  ALISON  &  PETER  SMITHSON    Collage  City  (1978).  COLIN  ROWE  AND  FRED  KOETTER    CiJes  Within  the  City  (1977).  OSWALD  MATHIAS  UNGERS  

Chicago à la Carte. ALVIN BOYARSKY

URBAN  STRUCTURING  Alison  &  Peter  Smithson  1967  

“mat-­‐building  can  be  said  to  epitomize  the  anonymous  collecJve;  where  the  funcJons  come  to  enrich  the  fabric,  and  the  individual  gains  new  freedoms  of  acJon  through  a  new  shuffled  order,  based  on  interconnecJon,  close  knit  pa[erns  of  associaJon  and  possibiliJes  for  growth,  diminuJon  and  change.”  (Smithson,  1974)  

From  Cell  to  Cluster  

From  Cluster  to  Stem  

From  Stem  to  Mat  

COLLAGE  CITY  Colin  Rowe  &  Fred  Koe[er  1978  

CITIES  WITHIN  THE  CITY  Oswald  Mathias  Ungers  1977  

Thesis  4:  The  differenDated  urban  structure      Large  ciJes  are  characterised  by  an  overlapping  of  many  opposite  and  divergent  concepJons.      

The  ideal  would  be  to  find  an  order  for  the  city  in  which  there  is  both  a  convergence  of  principles  and  a  climate  of  funcJonality.  

Thesis  5:  The  idea  of  the  city  in  the  city    

•  It is the basic concept for a future urban replanning of Berlin. It is substantiated in the image; Berlin as a city-archipelago.

•  The urban island will have an identity in keeping with their history, social

structure and environmental characteristics. •  The city as a whole is a FEDERATION of all these single towns with

different structures •  A decisive factor in the choice ought to be the degree of clarity and

comprehensibility of the existing basic and design principles.

Chart  of  housing  structure  in  Berlin  

Plan  of  urban  island  

Towns  in  the  towns  

Thesis  6:  Establishment  of  the  area  of  city-­‐islands      The  phase  of  the  establishment  of  the  area  of  so-­‐called  island-­‐in-­‐the-­‐city  is  both  the  result  of  a  programme  and  a  formal  urban  design  job.  

Thesis  7:  The  green  archipelago  

http://cargocollective.com/UCLA/From-fragmented-city-to-Archipelago-New-Orleans

Thesis  8:  The  urban  villa  as  a  form  of  residenDal  building  

Thesis  8:  The  urban  villa  as  a  form  of  residenDal  building  

Thesis  9:  TransformaDon  of  the  city  in  the  course  of  history.  

Thesis  10:  Standards  and  definiDon  of  objecDves  for  the  future  

•  The  preservaJon  of  the  historic  substance,  •  The  individualisaJon  of  architecture  •  The  humanisaJon  of  living  space  in  the  city  •  The  improvement  of  the  environment    

•  Improvement  of  the  city  in  anJthesis  to  the  constant  growth    •  The  improvement  of  the  city  in  the  sense  of  a  vital  space  and  of  mulJple  and  

more  varied  acJvity  •  The  creaJon  of  a  pluralisJc  system  by  comparison  with  a  unitary  and  centralised  

system  •  The  reconstrucJon  of  an  idenJty  for  the  urban  environment  •  The  close  link  between  city  and  country,  which  means  a  new  way  of  considering  

the  relaJons  between  culture  and  nature  •  The  intensificaJon  of  places  as  also  the  conservaJon  of  the  collecJve  heritage  

and  of  the  historic  conscious  in  the  sense  of  a  conJnuity  in  space  and  in  Jme  •  The  individualisaJon  of  architecture  to  the  desires  and  expectaJons  of  

inhabitants  •  The  necessity  for  smaller  unJes  for  the  creaJon  of  living  spaces  and  for  more  

delimited  acJviJes,  in  a  scale  with  the  city  and  its  individual  buildings.  

Conclusions  

TORREMOLINOS  À  LA  CARTE  Alvin  Boyarsky  

•  Boyarsky’s  postcard  collected  while  living  in  Chicago  •  New  form  of  urban  analysis  •  He  analysis  a  city  designed,  imagined  and  experienced  in  

secJon  

http://www.torremolinoschic.com

GLOSSARY