lesson 10 - promotion of community population health

8/6/2019 Lesson 10 - Promotion of Community Population Health

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Sheila Lyn U. Recidoro,RN May 2011

USING INFORMATICS TOPROMOTE COMMUNITY/

POPULATION HEALTH


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Objectives

y Provide an overviewofcommunity and populationhealth informatics.

y Describe informatics tools for promoting community

and population health.y Define the roles offederal, state and local public

health agencies in the development ofpublic healthinformatics.


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Using The Foundation ofKnowledge Model

y The collection and processing ofpopulation healthdata creates the information that becomes the basisfor knowledge in the field ofpublic health.

y There is an ever increasing need for timelyinformation about the health ofcommunities,states and countries.


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y Public health is a field that encompasses anamalgamofscience, action,research, policy,advocacy and government

( Yasnoff, Overhage, Humphreys&, LaVenture, 2001).

y Florence Nightingale should also be recognized as anearly public health informaticist.


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Florence Nightingale

y Her efforts led to a totalreorganization ofhow andwhat healthcare statistics should be collected(Dossey, 2000).

y Health information systems address the collection,storage, analysis, interpretation and communicationofhealth data and information.


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y Public health changes the social conditions andsystems that affect everyone within a givencommunity.

y PHI addresses the data, information, and knowledgethat public health professionals generate and use tomeet the core functions ofpublic health

(PHDSC 8, 2006).


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y Role ofpublic health :

fulfilling societys interest in assuring conditionsin which people can be healthy(IOM, 1988).

y

Functions ofpublic health : prevention ofepidemics and the spread ofdisease

protection against environmental hazards

promotion ofhealth

disasterresponse and recovery

providing access to health care

(PHDSC 1, 2006)


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Community Health Risk Assessment

y "threat and risk assessment."

y Threat" is a harmful act such as the deployment ofa

virus or illegal network penetration.

yA"risk" is the expectation that a threat maysucceed and the potential damage that can occur

(PCMAG, 2007).


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y Health risk assessments are used to estimatewhether current offuture exposures will pose

health risks to a broad populationsy Used to weigh the benefits and costs ofvarious

program alternatives forreducing exposure topotential hazards.


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y based in sound science and professional judgments.

y Hazard identification seeks to determine the types ofhealth problems could be caused by exposure to a

potentially hazardous material.


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y Exposure assessment is done to determine thelength, amount, and pattern ofexposure to thepotentially hazardous material.

y Dose-response is an estimation ofhowmuchexposure to the potential hazard would cause varyingdegrees ofhealth effects.


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y Risk Characterization is an assessment ofthe riskofthe hazardous material causing illness in thepopulation (CEPA, 1998).

y

Specific risk assessment toolsSuicide Prevention Community Assessment Tool(SPRC)

general community information,

prevention networks,demographics ofthe target population

community assets and riskfactors.


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Agency Support ofEpidemiology and TheMonitoring ofDisease Outbreaks

yA comprehensive surveillance effort supportstimely investigation and identifies data needs for

managing the public health response to anoutbreakor terrorist event.


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Agency Support ofEpidemiology and TheMonitoring Disease Outbreaks

Needs :

Standardized vocabulary

Coding structure.

y A standardized vocabularymust address locallanguage use versus universallanguage usage forpublic health.


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Agency Support ofEpidemiology and TheMonitoring Disease Outbreaks

y Information is vital to public health programming.

y The data processed into public health informationcan be from administrative,financial and facility

sour

ces.y Data on vital statistics from state and local

governments are alsoused for public healthpurposes.


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Applying Knowledge to Health DisasterPlanningand Preparation

y The availabilityofdata and speed ofdata exchangecan have a significant impact on criticalPH functionslike disease monitoring and syndromic surveillance.

y Special data collections are needed to addressspecific public health issues and investigations andemergencies are addressed and managed with paper.


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Applying Knowledge to Health DisasterPlanningand Preparation

y Syndromic surveillance for earlyoutbreakdetection is an investigational approach wherehealth department staffmonitor disease indicators

continually to detect outbreaks ofdiseases earlierand more completely than might otherwise bepossible with traditional public health methods

(Buehler, Hopkins, Overhage, Sosin, & Tong, 2004)


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Informatics Tools to Support Communication andDissemination

y The revolution in IT has made the capture andanalysis ofhealth data and the distribution ofhealthcare information more achievable and less

costly.y Two-way communication :

public health agencies and community

clinicians and clinicallaboratories

y Importance : can identify clusters ofreportable andunusual diseases.


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Informatics Tools to Support Communication andDissemination

y PH information systems represent a partnership ofGO ,NGO and local public health professionals.

y Dissemination ofprevention guidelines and

communication among PH officials, clinicians andpatients has become a major benefit ofPHI.

y IT solutions can be used to provide accurate andtimely information that will guide public healthactions.


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Using Feedback to Improve Responses andPromote Readiness

1. Improvement ofcommunity health status andpopulation health depends on effective public andhealthcare infrastructures.

2. Population health data must be considered animportant part ofthe infrastructure ofallregionalhealth information exchanges (RHIOs) which arethe building blocks for a national health

information network (NHIN).


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Using Feedback to Improve Responses andPromote Readiness

3. RHIO/NHIN can also support public health goalsthrough broaderopportunities for participation insurveillance and prevention activities, improvedcase management and care coordination, andincreased accuracy and timeliness ofinformation fordisease reporting.

(LaVenture, 2005).


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Using Feedback to Improve Responsesand Promote Readiness

4. Public health informatics strives to ensure thathealth data systems willmeet the data needs ofallorganizations interested in population health asnational and international standards aredeveloped for healthcare data collection.

standardization ofenvironmental

socio-cultural

economic

other data that are relevant to population health(PHDSC, 2007)


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Questions to answer

Imagine that you are a public health informaticsspecialist and you and your colleagues havedetermined that the threat ofa new strain ofinfluenza indicates a need for a mass inoculationprogram.

y What public health data would have been used todetermine the need for such a program and

y What data will be collected to determine thesuccess ofsuch a program?

lesson 10 - promotion of community population health

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