Lesson 10: The Age of Jefferson

A Republican Takes Office

War of 1812

The Road to War

New Threats FromOverseas

The LouisianaPurchase

MAPS

Collaborative Learning 1

Concepts

Bell work

Time-line

LabeledMap

Section 1: A Republican Takes Office

“Revolution”

in electing him, the American people had voted for changes that were as great as those that they had fought for during the Revolutionary War.

Setting the Scene, page 302

Jefferson- Democratic-Republican, sworn in by John Marshall =Federalist

He wanted to make government more democratic;

1. ensuring that all people have the same rights

Jefferson’s goals and beliefs

about government

Laissez-faire –(let alone)

Government should have a small role

in people’s affair

lessen government

power wanted to

reduce the federal

budget

Free market – goods and services

are exchanged w/little

regulation

to be democratic,he allowed many

Federalists to keep their

jobs

kept Bank of United

States

strictconstructionist

preferred a

farmingsociety

Thomas Jefferson Albert GallatinPresident of U.S. Secretary of Treasury

Roles in Government

James Madison John MarshallSecretary of State Supreme Court Justice

Roles in Government

Before leaving office, Adams appointed “midnight judges.”

John Marshall – chief justice of Supreme Court

President Jefferson tried to get

William Marbury removed.

The Supreme Court said…………..

3. Marbury v. Madison = was a landmark court case that gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review

4. Judicial review – power of the Supreme Court to decide if laws are fair or unconstitutional

SECTION 2THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE

• The United States =growing rapidly and people began to move West in search of new land.

The country of Spain controlled both the lower Mississippi and the port of New Orleans. The western border of the U.S. was the MS River.

Despite Treaties,Spain continued tocause trouble for Americans.

5. MS River was important to farmers because they traded goods through the port of New Orleans.

6. In 1800, Spain ceded the Louisiana Territory to France. (secret treaty)

7. Napoleon Bonaparte was the French dictator that had plans to conquer Europe.

• Jefferson wanted control of New Orleans.

• He offered to buy it from France.

• Napoleon (needs money) preferred to sell the Louisiana Territory to U.S. instead of seeing it in Britain’s control.

• Livingston had authority to purchase New Orleans and West Florida.

• Napoleon offered all of the Louisiana Territory.

• Monroe and Livingston agreed to buy the territory.

• U.S. and France signed treaty in 1803.

• France sold the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. for 15 million dollars.

8.

GenerosityKindness

CharitablePatronage

The students who cleaned the park for

the benefit of the community displayed

philanthropy.

Do nice things for other people and being concerned for

other things

Donating money to charity

on a regular basis

1 2

4 5 6

3philanthropy philanthropy philanthropy

philanthropy philanthropyphilanthropy

the practice of performing charitable

 or benevolent actions

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

10. Lewis and Clark started their expedition from the city of St. Louis, Missouri in 1804.

Place a star over #4 on your map!

3

They settled for the winter near the mouth of the Knife River in North Dakota. Sacagawea joined the crew.

Some images © 2003 www.clipart.com.

11. Sacajawea - Shoshone Indian who served as a

guide and a interpreter for Lewis and Clark.

Image © 2003 www.clipart.com.

12. Continental Divide – mountain ridge that separates river sections flowing toward opposite sides of a continent.

http://lewisandclark.com/links/links.html

Image © 2003 www.clipart.com.

13. The expedition took 2 years and 4 months.

14. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the U.S.

15. What would have been the benefits of finding an all water route to the Pacific Ocean?

Found new plants/animalsBetter mapsSource of the MO RiverDiscovered the Great Falls

16.

17. Compare

and Contrast

Lewis and Clark.

MeriwetherLewis

William

Clark

often traveled alone

Governor ofMissouri

map maker

Jefferson’s chief aid

“man of courage”

captains

proven leaders

large family

keptjournals

Governor ofLouisiana

raisedSacajawea’s son

28 years old

32 years old

18. Acts of Philanthropy(based on Lewis and Clark’s Journey West)

The Nez Perce showed the expedition how to burn out the insides of logs to makecanoes.

The Clatsop showed the expedition where to find elk, which they could use for food or to make clothing.

Sacajawea served as guide and interpreter for Lewis and Clark.

Clark took care of Jean Babtiste after Sacajawea died.

Lewis and Clark wrote to Jefferson as he requested and gave him detailed facts about the animals and plants.

Zebulon Pike’s explorations gave U.S. better knowledge about the lands in the Southwest.

Spanish Territory Oregon CountryLouisiana Territory St. LouisMS River Lewis/Clark 1804 United StatesNew Orleans Continental DivideSpanish Florida

Observe Your Map:

1. Whose expedition went into Spanish Territory?

2. Which city lay at the mouth of the Mississippi River?

3. Whose expedition began in St. Louis?

4. Which mountain range is North America’s continental divide?

5. Whose expedition went into land claimed by Great Britain?

The Election of 1804:

• Jefferson easily won the election of 1804.

• George Clinton was the new running mate. He replaced Aaron Burr to be the V.P.

Aaron Burr – secretly wanted to establish an empire on the Western Frontier, and

killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel.

SECTION 3

New Threats from Overseas(page 312)

Tea

please

Section 3: New Threats from Overseas

• Jefferson was committed to Washington’s policy of neutrality.

Benefits of overseas trade: Risks of overseas trade:

•Conflict with Barbary States•Britain and France violated neutrality.•Jefferson creates an embargo that merchants hated.•Smuggling a problem

•Merchants made money as trading increased.•Merchants traded with China. (profit)•Increased communication with other continents

Tribute - bribe

War Hawks

19. Trace the events that led up to Congress declaring war on Britain.

Event Explanation

Seizing of American ships Britain and France were at war again, and neither country wanted the U.S. to trade with the other. Both countries seized American ships to hurt each others trade and economy. Both countries ignored America’s claims of neutrality.

British impressments The British navy needed more sailors. British began impressment of men which is the practice of forcing people into military service. Britain boarded American vessels and took Americans. The U.S. was furious, and many demanded war.

Embargo Act Jefferson and Congress passed the Embargo Act hoping to hurt France and Britain’s trade. The Act did hurt the two countries but it hurt the U.S. more. Many Americans protested the act. An embargo is a ban on trade.

Increased conflicts with Native Americans

In the Ohio Valley, Native Americans were still resisting American settlement. Violence led to warfare.

War Hawks War Hawks were members from Congress in the South and West that were wanting to go to war with Britain. They were persuasive and outspoken. Many northerners believed the people and the President was influenced by the War Hawks.

British blockade of ports

To cut off American trade with France, British warships blockaded some of America’s ports. This sparked war fever among many Americans.

James MadisonJames

MadisonDolly

MadisonDolly

Madison

• The Embargo Act had been repealed and replaced.

• 20. James Madison – won the election of 1808 to become the 4th President of the United States. (Republican)

Madison’s votes came mostly from the South

and the West.

21. June 18, 1812 – President Madison asked Congress to declare war on Great Britain.

Section 5

CAUSES OFTHE WAR: Clip 1

Impressment of

sailors

War Hawks Seizing of American

ships

(ChesapeakeLeopardAffair)

Blockade of

Ports

British helping Native

Americans

22. Disadvantages / American Problems22. Disadvantages / American Problems

**The US was unprepared The US was unprepared militarily:militarily:

Had a 16-ship navy vs. Britain’sHad a 16-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships.800 ships.

**Financially unpreparedFinancially unprepared

**Relied on volunteersRelied on volunteers

**Regional differences Regional differences

Jefferson had reduced military spending which left the army and navy unprepared for war.

By spring of 1814, Britain and its allies had defeated Napoleon.

Now Britain could send more troops to fight the U.S.

By spring of 1814, Britain and its allies had defeated Napoleon.

Now Britain could send more troops to fight the U.S.

The White House Is Burning;The British Are Coming, AGAIN!!

23. In 1814, the British captured and burned Washington D.C.

24. Dolly Madison is credited with saving many importantdocuments along with a

portrait of George Washington.

Battle of Fort McHenry: Troops protected city of Baltimore and held off the British for 25 hours, finally

forcing them to retreat.

Battle of Fort McHenry: Troops protected city of Baltimore and held off the British for 25 hours, finally

forcing them to retreat.

And the rockets red glareAnd the rockets red glareThe bombs bursting in air…The bombs bursting in air… ---- Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key

Francis Scott Key watched the battle from the deck of a prisoner-of-war ship.

25. The War of 1812 inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled Banner.

In 1931, Congress adopted it as

the national anthem.

26. The Treaty of Ghent signed on Christmas Eve of 1814, ended the War of 1812.

27. Effects of the War:

--U.S. won respect of foreign nations

--Nationalism increased

--destroyed the power of Indian tribes in the Northwest Territory

28. The Presidents• 1. George Washington (1789-1797)

• 2. John Adams

(1797-1801)

• 3. Thomas Jefferson

(1801-1809)

• 4. James Madison

(1809-1817)

Concepts: Concepts: The big ideas, important The big ideas, important generalizations about a topicgeneralizations about a topic

How do I know thatNatural resources

affect the living patterns

of people?

A concept is an idea that is timeless, abstract, broad and can be shown through a variety of examples

29. Paragraph

• Analyze the concept of communication. Write a paragraph describing how lack of communication during Madison’s presidency has convinced many historians that the War of 1812 should have never happened.