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MacromoleculesLesson #11

CatalystCollect your graded work from the folder in the back.Write down todays topic in your T.O.C.Take out the quiz from last week. Write down the correct answers, and a 1-2 explanation of why they are the correct answers. (Youll want to talk to the person next to you if you dont know the answer yourself)Objective:Identify macromolecules, and their rolesLesson #11MacromoleculesMaking a goal for this weekA lot of you reached our goal on that quiz!85%Why 85%?Sign the back wall

Congratulations toJarrod (100%)Jynico (100%)JasmineTrakeyaShuvaughnMelissaWendellTyreeHmmm:Can you get pregnant without having sex?Normally no. ButIn Vitro fertilizationOver 3 million!Louise Brown, first baby

HousekeepingTEST on ThursdayProkaryotic, eukaryoticOrganellesCharacteristics of lifeMacromoleculesTardiness checkBinder check todayBinder CheckWrite down the number of points they gotSum the points on the bottomWhat are we doing today?TODAYCatalyst:A:Macromolecules NotesB:Macromolecules WSAgendaFood discussionExplore activityLectureWorksheetTonights Homework:Finish todays WSTodays question:What makes something a food?For example, why do we eat things like apples and chicken, and not things like aluminum foil or rocks?

Why do eat?One answerFood is made of the same things, that we are

Therefore, to figure out what were made of, we can look at what foods made ofSome backgroundAtomsSmallest units of matterAlive?Not alive

MoleculesBunches of atoms stuck together Alive?No

TODAYS FOCUS IS ON MOLECULES!

Cell7,000,000,000,000,000 atomsUnicellular organism: made of only 1 cellAlive?YES!Most basic unit of life

Our activityFood is made of the same things, that we areTherefore, to figure out what were made of, we can look at what foods made of

SOLets see what MOLECULES food is made of

ACTIVITYGo around to the stationsWrite down: hypothesis of what molecules living things are made ofDebriefNOTESNotes NameFunctionMonomerExampleThe Molecules of LifeAll living things have four types of macromolecules.Macro-: big

ProteinsCarbohydratesLipidsNucleic Acids20Transition to macromoleculesPolymersAll macromolecules are polymers.

Key Point #1A polymer is a connected string of monomers.

Polymers

22Talk you way through this one, putting as much dtail as you would like. I would just say, there are various chemical reactions that put the pieces together, but each individual purple dot is a monomer and you just keep linking them together.Macromolecule 1: ProteinsProteins are polymers of amino acids, called polypeptides.

There are over 20 amino acid and just like words and sentences, putting together a different number in a different combination results in a unique protein.

24There are a bunch and overall are pretty small molecules. But they can be huge once you start joining 30, 50, or even 100 of them together to form a protein.

25You can use the word primary structure here.Proteins FunctionsProteins have tons of functions: most important are as structural support, transport, messengers, and as enzymes.

ConformationA proteins function is determined by how that long chain of amino acids fold into a specific conformation, or shape.

27I wouldnt got into secondary, tertiary structure etc.Check YourselfWhat is a macromolecule?What are the four macromolecules?What is a polymer?Proteins are polymers of what?What are some of the important functions of proteins?What determines how proteins work?28Start with this, remember from last week???? That way, you can gauge if you need to un-hide those other slides and reteach from last week.CarbohydratesCarbohydrates (AKA sugars) are polymers of monosaccharides, making a polysaccharide.

Monosaccharides have a general formula of CH2OThere are 3-carbon sugars (triose), 5-carbon sugars (pentose), and 6-carbon sugars (hexose).

29Use the word ratio 1:2:1. Write on the board the formula for a triose and have them guess a pentose and hexose sugar formulas.MonosaccharidesThe most important monosacchardies that you need to know is gluose: C6H12O6.

DisaccharidesWhen you put two monosaccharides together, you get a disaccharide.

31Explain the differences between glucose and fructose; then that sucrose is table sugar.PolysaccharidesAs you keep adding more and more monosaccharides, youll end up with a polysaccharide.

32Ends up looking like branched chains with hundreds or even thousands of glucose monomers.Functions of CarbohydratesKey Point #2Carbohydrates are for short-term energy storage for most living things Provide structural support in plants.Plant store energy as starch (think potatoes)Animals store energy as glycogen in muscle & the liver.All plant cell walls are made of cellulose.LipidsKey Point #3Lipids are NOT polymers and are all nonpolar and hydrophobic.Hydro-: water-phob-: fearingSince water is a polar molecule, they repeal nonpolar molecules, like lipids34Explain that carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities, yada, yada yada, etc.FatsOne type of lipids are triglycerides or fats.Fats are made of glycerol with 3 fatty acids.

35Point out tri- as 3 for 3 fatty acids.The fatty acid chains have lots of C-H bonds which make them hydrophobic.Functions of LipidsKey Point #4Fats and oils store energy long-term in living things. (Other lipids have other functions)

Fat tissue also serve as cushioning and insulation.Phospholipids make up the cell membrane.Steroids and cholesterol can act as messengers.

37Notice how a phopholipid have two insead of three long hydrocarbon chains.Steroids are diverse and include cholesterol, testosterone, and estrogen.Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids are made of nucleotides. DNA and RNA store genetic information.

Another name for nucleic acids are polynucleotides.DNA is usually in a double helix shape; RNA is a single strand.38Explain that carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities, yada, yada yada, etc.

39Show that we will talk more about the structure of DNA in the Genetics Unit.Now it is time for Cold CallingThrow your whiteboards in the AirMade up of monosaccharidesThrow your whiteboards in the AirMade up of nucleotidesThrow your whiteboards in the AirtriglyceridesThrow your whiteboards in the AirSugarsThrow your whiteboards in the AirEnzymesThrow your whiteboards in the AirDNA & RNAThrow your whiteboards in the AirFatsThrow your whiteboards in the AirCellulose is an exampleThrow your whiteboards in the AirGlucose is an exampleThrow your whiteboards in the AirHemoglobin is an exampleThrow your whiteboards in the AirFunction is short-term energyThrow your whiteboards in the AirFunction is to store genetic informationThrow your whiteboards in the AirIts conformation determines its specific functionThrow your whiteboards in the AirMakes up cell membranesThrow your whiteboards in the AirAre all nonpolarWorksheet time!Whered all those molecules come from?

Miller-Urey experimentStarted with

Miller-UreyEnded withFORMS OF ALL FOUR MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE!

Wrap-UpAdd up your points for today.Todays work Your folderTonights HW: Finish class worksheet

Exit Question (Complete sentences, no notes!)What are the name of the four macromolecules?Which macromolecule can be made into almost any shape?If someone had a lot of energy stored for a while, what macromolecule would they have a lot of?