lesson 14 ww ii -- second battle of the atlantic
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lesson 14
WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic
![Page 2: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lesson Objectives
• Understand the magnitude and significance of the Battle of the Atlantic during World War II.
• Understand the degree of British dependence on maritime lines of communication.
• Describe U.S. participation in the Battle of the Atlantic prior to December 1941.
• Describe and analyze the tactics and technology used by both sides in the Battle of the Atlantic.
• Understand the importance of code breaking in the Atlantic war.
![Page 3: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
"The only thing that ever really frightened me during the war was the U-boat peril."
Winston S. Churchill,The Second World War, Volume II, Their Finest Hour1949
![Page 4: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Battle of the Atlantic Begins
"The Circle of Modern War" and logo© Thomas D. Pilsch 2007-2013
( 0:50 – 8:00 )
![Page 5: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The U-boat Threat
Admiral Karl Dönitz (1891-1980)German Submarine Commander
Hitler told the Kriegsmarine that the war would not begin until 1945
The Kriegsmarine built Plan Z, their expansion blueprint, on this target
• 249 U-boats by 1944
(January 1939)
![Page 6: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The U-boat Threat
Type VIIC U-boat
Range: 8,500 nm Crew: 44-52 Torpedo load: 14
Germany had 57 operational U-boats in September 1939
• Only about half of these were effective ocean-going units
![Page 8: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Allied Strategy
• Protect existing shipping
• Build to replace shipping losses, expand fleet
• Go on the offensive against the U-boats
![Page 9: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Allied Strategy
• Protect existing shipping
• Build to replace shipping losses, expand fleet
• Go on the offensive against the U-boats
![Page 10: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Allied Strategy
• Protect existing shipping• Employ convoy system immediately
• Increase escort capability
![Page 11: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Ships Lost vs. Built1939 - 1941
Source
![Page 12: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Convoy System
RN employed convoys from start
• Did not have enough escorts
• Started crash construction program
USN did not use convoys initially
• Second “Happy Time” * for Germans
* Jan-Aug 1942
![Page 13: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Convoy System
Introduction of
• Aircraft
… turned the tide
• More escorts• Hunter-Killer tactics (later)
![Page 15: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Flower-class Corvettes
Length: 205 feet
Displacement: 940 tons
Speed: 16 knots
394 built (UK, Canada)
Video Link
![Page 16: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Remember this one?
History doesn’t repeat itself, but it rhymes.
Attributed to Samuel Clements (1835-1910)
![Page 17: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
August 17, 1940 Hitler Declares Unrestricted Blockade Around British Isle
![Page 18: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
August 17, 1940 Hitler Declares Unrestricted Blockade Around British Isle
America Gets Involved
September 2, 1940 Destroyers For Bases Agreement
![Page 19: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Destroyers For BasesSeptember 2, 1940
US provided 50 WW I destroyers in exchange for bases
![Page 20: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Destroyers For BasesSeptember 2, 1940
US provided 50 WW I destroyers in exchange for bases
Bases in Newfoundland, Bermuda, West India, Guiana
Destroyers became RN Town-class
… became HMS Lewes
• Named for North American cities and towns with namesake in UK
![Page 21: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Events
September 2, 1940 Destroyers For Bases Agreement
September 16, 1940 Selective Training and Service Act
Jan-March 1941 American-British Staff Conference
• First US “peacetime” draft
![Page 22: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
American-British Staff Conference Washington, DC - Jan-Mar 1941
Discussed issues of coalition warfare
“Made before American entry into World War II, in the context of a world threatened by Axis aggression in Europe and Asia, the judgment that Germany must be defeated first stands as the most important single strategic concept of the war.”
Louis Morton"Germany First: The Basic Concept of Allied Strategy in World War II"Command Decisions, Kent Roberts Greenfield (ed)Washington: US Army Center of Military History, 2000
“Germany First” decision
• In the event of war with Germany & Japan, defeat of Germany would have highest priority
![Page 23: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Events
September 2, 1940 Destroyers For Bases Agreement
September 16, 1940 Selective Training and Service Act
Jan-March 1941 American-British Staff Conference
• First US “peacetime” draft
March 11, 1941 Lend-Lease Act
![Page 24: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Lend-Lease
Lend-Lease Act (March 11, 1941)
President of the United States authorized to "sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of, to any such government [whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States] any defense article".
Significance
• US officially became a logistics participant in the war
• Added further emphasis to US mobilization
• No repayment requirement - > $50 B transferred
![Page 25: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Events
September 2, 1940 Destroyers For Bases Agreement
September 16, 1940 Selective Training and Service Act
Jan-March 1941 American-British Staff Conference
• First US “peacetime” draft
March 11, 1941 Lend-Lease Act
British ships allowed for repairsApril 4, 1941
US warships report German navy movesApril 24, 1941
July 1941 US assumed occupation of Iceland
![Page 26: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Occupation of Iceland
Critical Location
April 9, 1940 - Denmark occupied by Germany
May 10, 1940 - British invade & occupy Iceland
July 1941 - US Marines assume occupation responsibility
![Page 27: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Occupation of Iceland
US Marines in Iceland
![Page 28: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Events
August 9-12, 1941 Roosevelt & Churchill meet in Newfoundland
Library of Congresswww.loc.gov/exhibits/british/britobje.html
Roosevelt departs
![Page 29: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Atlantic ConferenceArgentia, Newfoundland August 9-12, 1941
![Page 30: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Atlantic CharterJoint declaration of August 14, 1941
Established Allied vision for a post war world
Major Principles:
1. No territorial gains sought by the United States or the United Kingdom.
2. Territorial adjustments in accord with wishes of the peoples concerned.
3. People have a right to self-determination.
4. Trade barriers to be lowered.
5. Global economic cooperation and advancement of social welfare.
6. Freedom from want and fear to be enforced.
7. Freedom of the seas
8. Disarmament of aggressor nations and postwar common disarmament
![Page 31: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Events
September 1, 1941 US warships escort convoys containing US vessels
September 11, 1941 US warships ordered to “shoot on sight”
![Page 32: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Events
October 31, 1941 USS Reuben James sunk by U-boat
• 100 killed
USS Reuben James DD-245
Link
![Page 33: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Destroyer Escorts(DE)
Displacement: 1,240 tons (std) 1,620 tons (full) Dimensions: 306' (oa), 300' (wl) x 36' 10" x 11' 8" (max)Armament: 3 x 3"/50 Mk22 (1x3), 1 twin 40mm Mk1 AA, 8 x 20mm Mk 4 AA, 3 x 21" Mk15 TT (3x1),1 Hedgehog Projector Mk10 (144 rounds), 8 Mk6 depth charge projectors, 2 Mk9 depth charge tracks
Machinery: 4 GM Mod. 16-278A diesel engines with electric drive, 6000 shp, 2 screwsSpeed: 21 knots Range: 10,800 nm @ 12 knots Crew: 15 / 201
USS Slater (DE-766)
Source
![Page 34: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Destroyer Escorts(DE)
Fleet destroyerFletcher class
Destroyer EscortCannon class
Destroyer escorts did not need speed of fleet destroyers
DEs could be smaller, cheaper, easier to produce
• 21 knots vs. 35 knots for destroyers
![Page 35: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Building DEs
Prefabricated DE parts arrive at Mare Island CA from Denver
![Page 36: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Building DEs
DE construction techniques
![Page 37: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Building DEs
Rolling out a completed DE hull
Bay City, MI
![Page 38: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Other Threats
FW 200 Condor Maritime Patrol Aircraft
Source
![Page 39: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Catapult Armed Merchantmen
Source
Source
HAWKER “HURRICAT”
![Page 40: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Catapult Armed Merchantman (CAM)
"The Circle of Modern War" and logo© Thomas D. Pilsch 2007-2013
( 15:05 – 16:40 )
![Page 41: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Catapult Armed Merchantmen
Source
Operational History
35 CAM ships converted
• Made 175 voyages, 1941-1943
• 12 were lost to enemy action (34%)
Eight operational catapult launchings
Six enemy aircraft shot down
One RN pilot lost
HMS Ariguani
![Page 42: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Other ThreatsSurface Raiders
Pocket Battleships / Heavy Cruisers
Example: Admiral Graf Spee
Auxiliary Cruisers
Example: Atlantis
![Page 43: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Surface RaidersPocket Battleships & Heavy Cruisers
Admiral Graf Spee
Six 11-inch guns
Eight 5.9-inch guns
Speed: 21 knots
Displacement: 16,200 tons
Scuttled, December 17, 1939Off Montevideo, Uruguay
After battle with thee British cruisers
War CruiseAugust-December 1939
Sank 9 merchant ships(50,000 tons)
Video
![Page 44: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Surface RaidersAuxiliary Cruisers
Auxiliary Cruiser Atlantis Atlantis with dummy funnel
Armament Layout
Hidden torpedo tubes & guns
![Page 45: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Surface RaidersAuxiliary Cruisers
Auxiliary Cruiser Atlantis Atlantis with dummy funnel
First auxiliary cruiser to sink a merchant ship
Highest tonnage sunk of all surface raiders
Circumnavigated the globe
• 22 ships, 146,000 tons
![Page 46: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Allied Strategy
• Protect existing shipping
• Build to replace shipping losses, expand fleet • Expand US shipbuilding industry
• Apply mass production techniques to shipbuilding
![Page 47: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
All was ruled by that harsh and despotic factor, shipping.
Winston S. Churchill,The Second World War, Volume III, The Grand Alliance1950
![Page 48: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Liberty Ships
Based on a British design
• Simple, welded hull
• Proven 1890-era steam engine
Originally tagged “ugly duckling” by FDR
“Liberty” campaign by Maritime Commissioner Emory Land changed image
• First ship: Patrick Henry
• Liberty Fleet Day: 15 ships launched across country (Sept. 27, 1941)
![Page 50: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Henry J. Kaiser
Source
Industrialist (1882-1967)
Began in construction: Hoover Dam, Grand Coolee Dam, SF Bay Bridge
Joined with Todd Shipbuilding (1939)
Built two new shipyards: Richmond CA & Portland OR
Introduced mass production techniques to build standardized ships
• Liberty ships, Victory ships; C-1, C-2, C-3 cargo; T-1, T-2, T-3 tankers
Record for one Liberty ship: 4 days, 15 hours, 30 minutes
![Page 51: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Shipyards
Kaiser Shipyard - Richmond, CA
1943
![Page 52: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Workforce
![Page 54: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Source
"Your must tell your children, putting all modesty aside, that without us, without women, there would have been no spring in 1945."
![Page 55: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Rosie the Riveter
Steve Breen, San Diego Union-TribuneJanuary 25, 2013
Update
The Riveter The Rifleman
![Page 56: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Workforce
Rosie the Riveter
Wanda the Welder
![Page 57: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Mass Production Techniques
![Page 58: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Mass Production Techniques
![Page 59: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Mass Production Techniques
![Page 60: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Mass Production Techniques
![Page 61: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Mass Production Techniques
![Page 62: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
The Finished Product
Record for one Liberty ship: 4 days, 15 hours, 30 minutes
![Page 63: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Liberty Ships
Royal Navy Photo
SS Jeremiah O’Brien
National Liberty Ship Memorial
SourceSource
One of 2,718 built at 17 US shipyards
Speed: 11 knots
![Page 64: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Victory Ships
Larger, faster than Liberty ship
550 built
Source
SS United Victory
![Page 65: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
T-2 Tankers
Source
Aircraft on “skeleton deck”
533 built
SourceSS Huntington Hills (completed in 33 days)
• 523 feet long overall • 68 foot beam • 30 foot draft
• 10,448 Gross tons
• 21,880 Loaded displacement tons
• 6,000 shaft horsepower Turbo-Electric propulsion
• Speed 14.5-16 knots
• Liquid capacity 141,200 barrels (nearly 6 million gal)
Source
![Page 66: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Concrete Ships
SS Arthur Talbot
ConcreteShips.org
Shortage of steel caused search for alternatives.
Concrete ships had been tried in WW I with limited success.
WW II: 24 built in Tampa beginning in 1942 but with limited use
• Two crossed Atlantic and were used as breakwaters
• Others used for training in US
![Page 67: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Allied Strategy
• Protect existing shipping
• Build to replace shipping losses, expand fleet
• Go on the offensive against the U-boats• Improve intelligence on U-boat operations
• Close Mid-Atlantic Gap
• Develop Hunter-Killer teams
![Page 68: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Signals Intelligence
Source
Enigma
( SIGINT )
![Page 69: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Enigma
Source
![Page 70: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Enigma
Source
Bletchley Park
Alan Turing’s “Bombe”
![Page 71: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Enigma
Source
British intelligence received its first Enigma machine in 1939 from Polish military
Additional machines captured by Royal Navy
• May 9, 1941: U-110 off Iceland
• October 30, 1942: U-559 in the Mediterranean
USN captured U-505, June 4, 1944
![Page 72: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Direction Finding
High Frequency Direction Finding (HF/DF)
“Huff-Duff”
( ELINT )
German subs required to report positions
Allies used information to reroute convoys
• Later used to direct Hunter- Killer task forces
![Page 73: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Source: The World At WarMid-Atlantic Gap
![Page 74: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Maritime Patrol Aircraft
SourceRAF Liberator
USAAF A-29 Hudson
RAF FortressBlimps
![Page 75: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Maritime Patrol Aircraft
Caught On The Surface – Robert Taylor
RAF Sunderland Flying Boat – Coastal Command vs. U-461
20 July 1943 – Bay of Biscay
Source
![Page 76: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Airborne Detection Tools Leigh Light
Powerful aircraft light for night attacks
Introduced June 1942
![Page 77: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Airborne Detection Tools Airborne Radar
Permitted location of submarines in bad weather and at night
First U-boat kill November 1941
RAF Coastal Command Liberator Mk III with ASV radar
Antenna Detail
![Page 78: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Pioneering video documentary 1952-53
![Page 79: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Going on the Offensive
"The Circle of Modern War" and logo© Thomas D. Pilsch 2007-2013
(0 – 7:04)
![Page 80: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Escort Carrier
T-3 Tanker
USS Bogue
Built in Kaiser shipyards on T-3 tanker hulls
![Page 81: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Escort Carrier
Comparison With Fleet Carrier
![Page 82: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
USS BogueCVE-9
Source
Displacement: 7,800 tons standard; 15,700 tons full load (design)Length: 495' 8" (151.1 m) Beam: 111.5' (34 m)Power plant: 2 boilers (285 psi); 1 steam turbine; 1 shaft; 8,500 shpSpeed: 16.5 knotsArmament: 2 single 5"/51 (later 5"/38) gun mounts; (1943) 8 twin 40-mm/56-cal gun mounts; (1943) 27 single 20-mm/70-cal gun mountsAircraft: 24Aviation facilities: 2 elevators; 1 hydraulic catapultCrew: 890
Laid Down: 1 Oct 41 Launched: 15 Jan 42 Commissioned: 28 Sep 42
![Page 83: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Hunter-Killer Team
Slide 8
![Page 84: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Hunter Becomes the Hunted
U-118 under attack by aircraft from USS Bogue
June 12, 1943Source
![Page 85: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Capture of U-505
Task Force 22.3
June 4, 1944
Escort carrier Guadalcanal (CVE-60)
Five destroyer escorts:
Pillsbury (DE-133) Pope (DE-134), Flaherty (DE-135), Chatelain (DE-149), Jenks (DE-665)
Captain Dan GalleryCommander
![Page 86: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Capture of U-505
"The Circle of Modern War" and logo© Thomas D. Pilsch 2007-2013
![Page 87: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Capture of U-505
Boarding Party Arrives from USS Pillsbury
June 4, 1944
![Page 88: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Capture of U-505
First USN combat prize since War of 1812
![Page 89: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Capture of U-505
USS Guadalcanal towing U-505
![Page 90: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Players in U-505 Capture
Captain Daniel V. Gallery LT(jg) Albert L. David
![Page 91: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Players in U-505 Capture
Captain Daniel V. Gallery
• Commander, Task Group 22.3
• After capture, Navy did not know what to do with him
• Set his sights on capturing a U-boat
• Decorate him
• Court martial him
• Eventually promoted him to rear admiralWhy?
![Page 92: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Players in U-505 Capture
LT(jg) Albert L. David
• Asst. Engineering Officer on USS Pillsbury
• Led boarding party to U-505
• Remained inside sub despite threat of scuttling charges & open sea valves
• Awarded Medal of Honor
• Only MH awarded for Battle of Atlantic
![Page 93: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
May 1943: The Turning Point
“What is now decisive is that enemy aircraft have been equipped with a new location apparatus … which enables them to detect submarines and attack them in low cloud, bad visibility, or at nights. Much the largest number of submarines now being sunk are being sunk by aircraft. … These losses are too high. We must now husband our resources because, to do anything else, would simply be to play the enemy’s game”
Admiral Dönitz to Hitler, May 1943
Source
![Page 94: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
U-boat Losses By Month
U-boat.net
![Page 95: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Ship Losses 1940 - 1945
![Page 96: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Ships Lost vs. Built1939-1945
Source
![Page 97: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
US Shipbuilding
Source
Ships Built by US Maritime Commission1939-1947
US Maritime Commission
5,500+ ships
![Page 98: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Losses
Museum of Science & Industry, Chicago
![Page 99: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Victory in the Atlantic
"The Circle of Modern War" and logo© Thomas D. Pilsch 2007-2013
( 25:26 - 26:29)
![Page 100: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
"The Battle of the Atlantic was the dominating factor all through the war. Never for one moment could we forget that everything happening elsewhere, on land, at sea, in the air, depended ultimately on its outcome.”
Winston S. Churchill,The Second World War, Volume V, Closing the Ring1951
![Page 101: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
The Second Battle of the Atlantic
“The German people do not understand the sea”
Attributed to Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz (1849-1930)
![Page 102: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Lesson 15
WW II – The Axis Advances
Next:
![Page 103: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Lesson Objectives
• Describe and analyze the German decision process to attack the Soviet Union in June 1941.
• Describe and analyze the operational and logistic implications of Operation Barbarossa.
• Understand and be able to discuss the impact of total war within the Soviet Union.
• Understand how the initial successes of the German invasion of the USSR turned into such a total disaster.
• Be able to describe the magnitude of the Soviet-German War and its impact on the outcome of World War II.
![Page 104: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
End
![Page 105: Lesson 14 WW II -- Second Battle of the Atlantic](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103007/56649ce25503460f949ace7a/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Video Title
"The Circle of Modern War" and logo© Thomas D. Pilsch 2007-2013