lesson 17 teacher’s guide animals helping people · lesson 17 teacher’s guide animals helping...

Number of Words: 1,016

L E S S O N 1 7 T E A C H E R ’ S G U I D E

Animals Helping Peopleby Carol Ann Greenhalgh

Fountas-Pinnell Level NNonfictionSelection SummarySpecially-trained service animals, such as dogs, monkeys, ponies, and cats, help individuals with disabilities lead independent lives. Service animals are allowed to go anywhere that humans can go.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

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Characteristics of the Text Genre • Nonfi ction

Text Structure • Third-person narrative • Text organized in categories and subcategories

Content • Service animals • History of service dogs

Themes and Ideas • Service animals help people live independent lives. • Service animals’ reward is a constant supply of love and care.

Language and Literary Features

• Many descriptive details• Figurative language: symbol of independence

Sentence Complexity • Sentences with nouns divided by commas• Many longer complex sentence structures, including sentences of more than 15 words• Questions and answers draw reader into text

Vocabulary • Some specialized words: German Shepherd, capuchin monkey, foster, quadriplegicWords • Some multisyllable words: ceremony, confesses, confi dence, graduate, patiently

• Words with a wide variety of spelling patternsIllustrations • Photographs and illustrations with captions

Book and Print Features • Variety in print and background color• Thirteen pages of text with section headings

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

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Target Vocabulary

ceremony – an event that celebrates something special, p. 8

confesses – admits, p.1 4confi dence – a strong belief in

abilities, p. 3disobey – to not follow orders,

p. 3

foster – someone who offers nurture or care who is not a blood parent, p. 7

graduate – to complete school or other program, p. 8

patiently – calmly without complaining, p. 2

performs – carry out an action, p. 6

reward – something that is given to recognize someone’s actions, p. 6

symbol – something that stands for something else, p. 6

Animals Helping People by Carol Ann Greenhalgh

Build BackgroundHelp students use their knowledge of service animals to visualize the selection. Build interest by asking a question such as the following: How does a trained service dog help a blind person? Read the title and author and talk about the cover photograph. Tell students that this selection is an informational text that gives facts and examples about a topic.

Introduce the TextGuide students through the text, noting important ideas and nonfi ction features. Help with unfamiliar language so they can read the text successfully. Give special attention to target vocabulary. Here are some suggestions:

: Explain that this book is about service animals, animals that patiently perform tasks for people who are hearing-impaired, sight-impaired, or in wheelchairs. Service animals help those who are impaired to live independent lives. Direct their attention to the photograph at the bottom of the page. Read the caption. Suggested language: Why do you think that service dogs can go anywhere their human partner goes, even places where dogs are usually not allowed?

Page 3: Tell students that service dogs obey their human partners, unless their partners are in danger. Then they may disobey them. Ask: What kind of danger might a service dog protect a person from?

Page 6: Read the fi rst sentence in the second paragraph on page 6. Ask: How do you think that service dogs are different than pet dogs? Why do you think a service dog is considered a symbol of independence? What do you think their reward is for their hard work?

Pages 11: Direct students to the photograph on the top of the page. Read the caption underneath the picture. Ask: How do you think capuchin monkeys can help people who are paralyzed?

Now turn back to the beginning and read to fi nd out how animals help people live independent lives.

2 Lesson 17: Animals Helping PeopleGrade 4© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

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ReadHave students read silently while you listen to individual students read aloud. Support their understanding of the selection as needed.

Remind students to use the Summarize Strategy and to think about the important parts of the text.

Discuss and Revisit the TextPersonal ResponseInvite students to share their personal responses to the text. Suggested language: What kind of personality should a service animal have? How is that personality different than a pet’s personality?

Ways of ThinkingAs you discuss the text, help students understand these points:

Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text

• Service dogs help people become more independent.

• Capuchin monkeys, cats, and miniature ponies also make good service animals.

• Service animals give individuals the gift of independence.

• Service animals help with daily tasks, which allow people to live independent lives.

• Service animals live different lives than pets and their reward is a constant supply of love and care.

• Photographs and captions help explain different service animals and what they do.

• A section on the history of guide dogs explains how the fi rst service dog was introduced in the United States.

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

Choices for Further Support• Fluency Invite students to choral read a passage from the text to demonstrate

phrased fl uent reading. Remind them to stress appropriate words, use pausing and phrasing, and demonstrate intonation and use of punctuation.

• Comprehension Based on your observations of the students’ reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind students to go back to the text to support their ideas.

• Phonics/Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and word parts, using examples from the text. Tell students that disobey (page 3) originates from the word obey. Adding dis- as a prefi x makes the word obey mean the opposite of what it usually means. Ask them to think about other words that use dis- as a prefi x: dislike, dishonest, disrespect.


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Writing about ReadingVocabulary PracticeHave students complete the Vocabulary questions on BLM 17.1.

RespondingHave students use their Reader’s Notebook to complete the vocabulary activities on page 15. Remind them to answer the Word Teaser on page 16. (Answer: reward)

Reading Nonfi ctionNonfiction Features: Photographs and Captions Remind students that nonfi ction has many features to help readers fi nd and understand important information. Photographs and the captions under photographs are two of these features. Tell students that when they preview the photographs, they can fi nd out generally what information the book will cover. They can also begin to visualize the details in the selection. Ask students what the photograph on page 4 shows (Dorothy Eustis, a pioneer in providing guide dogs). Have students identify the photographs that especially make them want to read the selection and explain the specifi c details the photographs provide.

Captions in nonfi ction books can be long sentences or short phrases. They can explain what is happening in photographs and help expand upon the text of the book. Reading the captions is a good way to preview what the book is about before students read it. Have students select one of the captions on pages 7–9 and ask them to rewrite the caption in their own words.

Writing Prompt: Thinking About the TextHave students write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think about the text, they refl ect back on the text. They should notice and evaluate language, genre, literary devices, and how the text is organized.

Assessment Prompts• What is page 13 mainly about?

• What words on page 8 help readers understand what the word ceremony means?

• What can readers learn about service animals from reading this selection?



Target VocabularyFill in the Crossword Puzzle using the Target Vocabulary words.

foster

confi dence

confesses

symbol

reward

disobey

graduate

ceremony

patiently

performs

Vocabulary

Across

3. does something

4. something you earn

7. waiting without complaining

8. a family that takes care of an animal or a person for a short time

9. feeling sure about yourself

10. something that stands for something else

Down

1. refuse to do what you are told

2. finish school or training

5. admits to something

6. an event that celebrates something

Target Vocabulary© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Lesson 17B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 1 7 . 1

Grade 4, Unit 4: Never Give Up!

Animals Helping People?

Target Vocabulary

3

Name Date

Y

E

R

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S

E

O

B

E

E

R

O

F

E

S

S

C

S

O

A R

G

M

D

I

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O

A

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D

D

E W

U

T E R

NFC

T

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B LM

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P FE R R S

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English Language DevelopmentReading Support Pair advanced and intermediate readers to read the selection softly, or have students listen to the audio or online recordings. Remind students that this selection shows the vital role played by service animals.

Idioms The text includes some idioms and phrases that may be unfamiliar, such as symbol of independence (p. 6), foster family (p. 7), and give a warning (p. 9).

Oral Language DevelopmentCheck student comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches your students’ English profi ciency level. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the student.

Beginning/Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced

Speaker 1: What are service animals?

Speaker 2: animals that help people

Speaker 1: Why are they important?

Speaker 2: They help people be independent.

Speaker 1: When does a guide dog disobey its owner?

Speaker 2: A guide dog disobeys its owner when the owner is approaching something that is dangerous.

Speaker 1: Why do miniature ponies make good service animals?

Speaker 2: They have good memories and see well in the dark.

Speaker 1: Who do service dogs help?

Speaker 2: Service dogs help people who are blind, people who can’t hear, individuals in wheelchairs, and those who have various illnesses.



Name Date

Animals Helping PeopleThinking About the Text

Think about the questions below. Then write your answer in one or two paragraphs.

Remember that when you think about the text, you reflect back on the text. You notice and evaluate language, genre, literary devices, and how the text is organized.

Animals Helping People is organized by different types of service animals, starting with service dogs. Was this a good way to organize the information? Why or why not? Do you think the book did a good job of explaining how the various types of service animals help their human partners to be independent? Did the author include enough examples? Support your answers with examples from the text.



Target VocabularyFill in the Crossword Puzzle using the Target Vocabulary words.

foster

confi dence

confesses

symbol

reward

disobey

graduate

ceremony

patiently

performs

Vocabulary

Across

3. does something

4. something you earn

7. waiting without complaining

8. a family that takes care of an animal or a person for a short time

9. feeling sure about yourself

10. something that stands for something else

Down

1. refuse to do what you are told

2. finish school or training

5. admits to something

6. an event that celebrates something

Lesson 17B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 1 7 . 1

Animals Helping People?

Target Vocabulary

Name Date



1414212


Student Date Lesson 17

B L a c k L i n e m a s t e r 1 7 . 2 3

Animals Helping PeopleRunning Record Form

Animals Helping People • level n

Behavior Code Error

Read word correctly ✓ cat 0

Repeated word, sentence, or phrase

® cat

0

Omission — cat 1

Behavior Code Error

Substitution cut cat 1

Self-corrects cut sc cat 0

Insertion the

ˆcat 1

Word told T cat 1

page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections

2

3

Have you ever seen a German Shepherd waiting patiently

to lead a person across a busy street? Animals that help

human beings with their daily lives are called service animals.

Other animals, like monkeys, ponies, and cats, also work as

service animals. Because all of these animals have special

jobs, they are allowed to go anywhere that humans can go.

Dogs have been used to help blind people for many years.

These smart dogs, often called guide dogs, are trained to give

their human partners confidence as they go everywhere

together. They know when the path is safe or if there is

something dangerous to avoid.

Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read

correctly/106 × 100)

%

Total Self- Corrections


lesson 17 teacher’s guide animals helping people · lesson 17 teacher’s guide animals helping...

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