Understanding the World of Counseling

Lesson 1a

BASIC PRESUPPOSITIONS

AND VARYINGMETHODOLOGY

1.Your methodology exposes your theology.

2. Your methodology reveals your view about humanity.

3. Your attitude to people reveals your beliefs.

Three Approaches to Counseling

1.Expert Knowledge2.Common Knowledge3.Divine Knowledge

Expert KnowledgeOnly those possessing expert knowledge arecompetent to counsel.

Expert KnowledgeA. The Basis of

Conventional Psychiatry - Freud

Expert Knowledge

1. Freud emphasized man's inner drives.

Expert Knowledge

2. Man's main problem is poor socialization.

Expert Knowledge3. Wrong socialization

builds a conscience that is over socialized, or overly sensitive.

Expert Knowledge4. Only the expert can

solve these perplexing and complicated problems.

Expert Knowledge4. Only the expert can

solve these perplexing and complicated problems.

Expert Knowledge5. Two expert techniques:

psychoanalysis psychotherapy

Expert Knowledge6. Basic Premise:Man is NOT responsible

for what he does.

Expert Knowledge7. Other Premises:a. Mental illness exists.

Expert Knowledge7. Other Premises:b. Probing into the client's past life is

always an essential part of treatment. (Who did WHAT to the person?)

Expert Knowledge7. Other Premises:c. Transference is an

important part of the therapy process.

Expert Knowledge7. Other Premises:d. Conventional

psychotherapy is important in counseling.

Expert Knowledge7. Other Premises:e. All deviate behavior must be

overlooked because it is considered a product of the mental illness.

Expert Knowledge7. Other Premises:f. The conventional therapist believes

the client will behave more responsibly when he comes to better understand what is causing problems on the subconscious level

B. Behaviorism – B. J. Skinner:

1. The behaviorist claims to be committed only to the use of factual evidence.

B. Behaviorism – B. J. Skinner:

2. B. F. Skinner is devoted to the belief that man is a product of evolution -- not a created being.

B. Behaviorism – B. J. Skinner:

3. The goal is survival and natural selection is the process (that is, survival of the fittest).

What is wrong with the expert

knowledge approach?